Stability of anthocyanin, carotenoid and root yield of 10 sweet potato genotypes

Accession number	Local name	Characteristics
SR 2022/01	Beniharuka	Purple white skin, light yellow central parenchyma
KS 2022/02	Pakkadmadpor	Red skin, soft white central parenchyma
SR 2022/03	Moangpurple	Dark purple skin, light purple central parenchyma
SR 2022/04	Moangmaitaiwan	Dark purple skin, dark purple central parenchyma
SR 2022/05	Moangokinava	Purple skin, dark purple central parenchyma
SR 2022/06	Moangharumurazaki	Purple skin, purple central parenchyma
KS 2022/07	Somporsidang	Red skin, orange central parenchyma
KS 2022/08	Sweetthijong	White skin, soft white central parenchyma
SR 2022/09	Somokinava	Red skin, dark orange central parenchyma
SR 2022/10	Annoimo	Red skin, dark yellow central parenchyma

Maximum temperature (T_max; °C), minimum temperature (T_min; °C), relative humidity (%) and rainfall (mm) in location 1 (L1-RMUTI) (A), location 2 (L2-Chompra) (B) and location 3 (L3-Sanom) (C) provinces during the growing season.

Table 2.

Physical and chemical properties of the soil samples of three locations.

Soil properties	L1-RMUTI	L2-Chomphra	L3-Sanom
Physical properties
Sand (%)	77.79	62.03	79.47
Silt (%)	18.19	29.52	13.13
Clay (%)	4.02	8.45	6.80
Texture class	Loamy sand	Sandy loam	Loamy sand
Chemical properties
pH	5.49	5.22	5.30
Electrical conductivity (dS · m⁻¹)	0.041	0.028	0.055
Cation-exchange capacity (cmol · kg⁻¹)	3.80	4.40	4.80
Organic matter (%)	0.50	1.09	0.81
Total N (%)	0.027	0.051	0.040
Available P (mg · kg⁻¹)	93.75	23.50	8.75
Exchangeable K (mg · kg⁻¹)	44.37	67.65	11.42
Exchangeable Ca (mg · kg⁻¹)	113.93	189.30	36.31
Exchangeable Mg (mg · kg⁻¹)	39.19	52.93	23.27

1 L1, L2 and L3 were experimental locations at RMUTI, Chomphra district and Sanom district, respectively. RMUTI, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan.

Table 3.

Mean squares for number for (storage root · plant⁻¹), storage root dry weight (t · ha⁻¹), harvest index, anthocyanin content (mg · 100 g⁻¹ FW) and carotenoid content (mg · 100 g⁻¹ FW) of 10 sweet potato genotypes evaluated across three locations.

Source of variance	df	Number of storage roots per plant (storage root · plant⁻¹)	Storage root dry weight (t · ha⁻¹)	Harvest index	Anthocyanin (mg · 100 g⁻¹ FW)	Carotenoid (mg · 100 g⁻¹ FW)
Location (L)	2	3.14**(41.81)	5.74** (33.88)	0.348** (78.55)	175.68** (59.77)	0.54 ^ns(2.52)
Error (a)	6	0.03 (0.40)	0.01 (0.06)	0.001 (0.23)	0.84 (0.28)	4.16 (19.41)
Genotype (G)	9	1.88**(25.03)	7.39** (43.63)	0.052** (11.74)	64.59** (21.97)	6.09*(28.40)
L × G	18	2.40**(31.96)	3.77** (22.26)	0.041** (9.26)	51.33** (17.46)	7.61**(35.49)
Error (b)	54	0.06 (0.80)	0.03 (0.17)	0.001 (0.22)	1.51 (0.52)	3.04 (14.18)
Total	89
C.V.% (a)		7.76	5.24	2.25	16.92	17.20
C.V.% (b)		11.84	9.77	7.33	22.66	14.69

1*,** significant differences at p ≤ 0.05 and 0.001 levels, respectively; numbers in the parentheses are percentage (%) of mean squares to total mean of squares.

1ns not significant.

Table 4.

Means for number of storage roots per plant, storage root dry weight (t · ha ‘) and harvest index of 10 potato genotypes evaluated at three locations.

Genotypes	Number of storage roots per plant (storage root · plant⁻¹)				Storage root dry weight (t · ha⁻¹)				Harvest index
Genotypes	L1	L2	L3	Means	L1	L2	L3	Means	L1	L2	L3	Means
SR 2022/01	2.0 cd	1.3 cd	3.3 a	2.2 B	0.93 fg	0.24 g	1.66 e	0.94 E	0.52 be	0.19 d	0.72 c	0.57 D
KS 2022/02	2.4 c	1.5 cd	1.7 e	1.9 CD	0.97 fg	3.66 b	0.60 i	1.74 D	0.37 o	0.84 a	0.76 b	0.65 BC
SR 2022/03	1.6 de	4.4 a	2.3 cd	2.7 A	1.46 c-e	6.63 a	2.33 c	3.47 A	0.5 e	0.85 a	0.7 cd	0.68 AB
SR 2022/04	2.1 cd	1.4 cd	2.7 b	2.1 BC	1.68 b-d	1.63 d	1.42 f	1.57 D	0.68 a	0.62 c	0.61 f	0.63 C
SR 2022/05	2.2 c	1.5 cd	1.3 f	1.7 DE	1.82 be	2.69 c	2.28 c	2.26 C	0.44d e	0.72 b	0.77 b	0.64 C
SR 2022/06	2.5 c	1.3 cd	2.5 be	2.1 BC	1.30 d-f	1.01 e	0.84 h	1.05 F	0.44 de	0.37 e	0.65 e	0.48 E
KS 2022/07	4.3 a	2.1 b	1.5 ef	2.6 A	3.21 a	2.95 c	2.91 a	3.02 B	0.59 h-j	0.75 b	0.84 a	0.72 A
KS 2022/08	2.4 c	0.9 e	1.5 ef	1.6 E	2.01 b	0.77 ef	2.02 d	1.60 D	0.47c-e	0.47 d	0.79 b	0.57 D
SR 2022/09	3.6 b	2.3 b	2.1 d	2.7 A	1.21 ef	3.52 b	2.48 b	2.40 C	0.55b c	0.86 a	0.77 b	0.72 A
SR 2022/10	1.2 e	1.2 d	2.1 d	1.5 E	0.54 g	0.52 f	1.08 g	0.71 F	0.57 ab	0.51 d	0.67 de	0.58 D
Means	2.42 A	1.77 C	2.08 B		1.52 C	2.37A	1.77 B		0.51 C	0.65 B	0.73 A
F-test	**	**	**		**	**	**		**	**	**
C.V. (%)	13.35	10.93	9.84		17.43	24.4	4.09		12.68	6.67	2.46

1 Means in the same column followed by a common letter are significantly different at p ≤ 0.05 by DMRT.

1 Different capital letters indicate significant differences between environments and between genotypes at p ≤ 0.05 by DMRT. L1, L2 and L3 were a location experiment at RMUTI, Chomphra district and Sanom district, respectively.

1** significant at p ≤ 0.01 probability levels.

1 RMUTI, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan.

Table 5.

Means for anthocyanin content (mg · 100 g⁻¹ FW) and carotenoid content (mg · 100 g⁻¹ FW) of 10 potato genotypes evaluated at three locations.

Genotypes	Anthocyanin (mg · 100 g⁻¹ FW)				Carotenoid (mg · 100 g⁻¹ FW)
Genotypes	L1	L2	L3	Mean	L1	L2	L3	Mean
SR 2022/01	5.91 c	4.41 cd	7.03 a	5.78 C	12.39 ab	11.27 ab	13.05 a–c	12.24 A–C
KS 2022/02	2.00 e	10.99 b	1.88 cd	4.96 CD	11.61 ab	11.63 ab	9.95 d	11.06 BC
SR 2022/03	1.50 e	12.99 b	6.90 a	7.13 B	11.14 ab	10.72 ab	9.87 d	10.58 C
SR 2022/04	1.55 e	2.77 d	1.04 d	1.78 G	10.29 b	12.07 ab	9.87 d	10.75 C
SR 2022/05	0.98 e	6.88 c	6.79 a	4.77 CD	12.19 ab	14.02 a	9.98 d	12.06 A–C
SR 2022/06	3.83 d	4.17 cd	3.19 bc	3.74 EF	12.57 ab	13.34 a	11.98 b–d	12.63 AB
KS 2022/07	6.76 bc	22.71 a	3.54 b	11.00 A	10.85 b	13.09 a	13.97 ab	12.63 AB
KS 2022/08	1.93 e	3.50 d	2.92 bc	2.79 FG	13.22 ab	8.69 b	13.04 a–c	11.65 A–C
SR 2022/09	7.82 b	2.83 d	2.83 d	4.47 DE	14.22 a	10.93 ab	11.22 cd	12.12 A–C
SR 2022/10	10.32 a	10.98 b	2.25 b–d	7.85 B	11.63 ab	12.43 ab	14.63 a	12.90 A
Means	4.26 B	8.22 A	3.83 B		12.01	11.82	11.75
F-test	**	**	**		**	**	**
C.V. (%)	17.18	21.65	24.07		15.74	16.89	10.60

1 Means in the same column followed by a common letter are significantly different at p ≤ 0.05 by DMRT.

1 Different capital letters indicate significant differences between environments and between genotypes at p ≤ 0.05 by DMRT.

1 L1, L2 and L3 were a location experiment at RMUTI, Chomphra district and Sanom district, respectively.

1** significant at p ≤ 0.01 probability levels.

1 ns, not significant; RMUTI, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan.

Table 6.

Stability analyses of storage root dry weight (t · ha⁻¹), anthocyanin content (mg · 100 g⁻¹ FW) and carotenoid content (mg · 100 g⁻¹ FW) of 10 sweet potato genotypes evaluated across three locations.

Genotypes	Storage root dry weight (t · ha⁻¹)	b	$S_{d i}^{2}$	Anthocyanin (mg · 100 g⁻¹ FW)	b	$S_{d i}^{2}$	Carotenoid (mg · 100 g⁻¹ FW)	b	$S_{d i}^{2}$
SR 2022/01	0.94 E	–1.10^ns	0.533**	5.78 C	–0.51*	–0.075^ns	12.24 A–C	–0.60^ns	0.552^ns
KS 2022/02	1.74 D	3.51^ns	0.837**	4.96 CD	2.15*	–0.159^ns	11.06 BC	4.94^ns	–0.064^ns
SR 2022/03	3.47 A	6.28*	0.257**	7.13 B	1.99^ns	19.258**	10.58 C	4.34^ns	–0.876^ns
SR 2022/04	1.57 D	0.02^ns	0.027^ns	1.78 G	0.35*	–0.419^ns	10.75 C	–0.87^ns	1.672^ns
SR 2022/05	2.26 C	0.96^ns	0.016^ns	4.77 CD	0.61^ns	18.066**	12.06 A–C	4.39^ns	6.430**
SR 2022/06	1.05 F	–0.22^ns	0.076**	3.74 EF	0.17*	–0.324^ns	12.63 AB	0.84^ns	–0.136^ns
KS 2022/07	3.02 B	–0.24^ns	0.022^ns	11.00 A	4.23*	0.497^ns	12.63 AB	–11.99**	–1.044^ns
KS 2022/08	1.60 D	–1.56^ns	0.079**	2.79 FG	0.24^ns	0.114^ns	11.65 A–C	5.95^ns	10.867**
SR 2022/09	2.40 C	2.54^ns	0.211**	4.47 DE	–0.49^ns	13.522**	12.12 A–C	12.91^ns	–0.386^ns
SR 2022/10	0.71 F	–0.19^ns	0.179**	7.85 B	1.26^ns	28.087**	12.90 A	–9.90^ns	0.251^ns

1 Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences at 95% by DMRT.

1*,** significant at p ≤ 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels; b = regression coefficients; $S_{d i}^{2}$ = standard deviation of the regression coefficients.

1ns not significant.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2024-0031 | Journal eISSN: 2083-5965 | Journal ISSN: 0867-1761

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Language: English

Page range: 475 - 490

Submitted on: Jul 16, 2024

Accepted on: Nov 5, 2024

Published on: Apr 8, 2025

Published by: Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

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© 2025 Chorkaew Aninbon, Noppadol Surach, Nittaya Phungam, Anon Janket, Darika Bunphan, Punyisa Charirak, Ruttanachira Ruttanaprasert, published by Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 36 (2024): Issue 4 (December 2024)

Stability of anthocyanin, carotenoid and root yield of 10 sweet potato genotypes

Figures & Tables

Table 1.

Figure 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

Table 5.

Table 6.

Supplementary Figure S1.

Supplementary Figure S2.

Supplementary Figure S3.

Supplementary Figure S4.

Supplementary Figure S5.

Supplementary Figure S6.

Supplementary Figure S7.

Supplementary Figure S8.

Supplementary Figure S9.

Supplementary Figure S10.

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