Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Mean values for spathe morphological traits and nutritional status of leaves from nine male date palms during the 2021 season_
| Males | Spathe length | Spathe width | Spathe stand length | Spathe weight | N | P | K | Ca | Mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (cm) | (cm) | (cm) | (kg) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | |
| M1 | 153.75 a | 18.13 c | 76.50 a | 4.10 a | 0.98 c | 0.0403 c | 1.01 e | 0.54 a | 0.15 cb |
| M2 | 123.56 b | 15.63 e | 51.25 c | 2.95 d | 0.94 de | 0.0400 c | 0.81 f | 0.55 a | 0.14 d |
| M3 | 73.00 f | 14.75 f | 26.00 f | 2.04 f | 0.86 f | 0.0403 c | 1.25 b | 0.54 ab | 0.15 cd |
| M4 | 94.00 e | 20.41 a | 52.50 b | 3.09 c | 0.96 dc | 0.0390 c | 1.27 b | 0.46 d | 0.16 cb |
| M5 | 70.50 g | 17.64 d | 21.50 h | 2.23 e | 1.03 b | 0.0400 c | 1.21 c | 0.47 cd | 0.12 e |
| M6 | 117.89 c | 18.69 b | 47.45 d | 3.70 b | 1.12 a | 0.0610 a | 1.09 d | 0.43 e | 0.16 cb |
| M7 | 60.50 h | 17.68 d | 23.50 g | 1.65 g | 0.91 e | 0.0515 b | 1.20 c | 0.49 c | 0.18 a |
| M8 | 72.00 gf | 18.00 c | 16.66 i | 0.78 h | 0.94 de | 0.0500 b | 1.34 a | 0.35 f | 0.11 e |
| M9 | 97.28 d | 13.02 g | 38.28 e | 1.58 g | 0.85 f | 0.0510 b | 1.00 e | 0.52 b | 0.16 b |
| LSD (5%) | 1.97 | 0.33 | 1.21 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.0022 | 0.03 | 0.0187 | 0.01 |
The calculated values of the main attributes for evaluation index calculation to select the best male date palms_
| Males | Leaf morphological traits | Pinnae morphological traits | Spathe morphological traits | Nutritional status of leaves | Pollen grains productivity and germination percentage traits |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1 | 2.05 | 1.63 | 2.17 | 2.21 | 2.17 |
| M2 | 2.00 | 2.08 | 1.95 | 1.93 | 1.84 |
| M3 | 2.05 | 1.88 | 2.21 | 2.12 | 2.05 |
| M4 | 1.87 | 1.97 | 2.04 | 1.80 | 1.91 |
| M5 | 1.93 | 2.17 | 2.10 | 1.81 | 1.98 |
| M6 | 1.70 | 2.07 | 2.03 | 1.94 | 2.04 |
| M7 | 2.08 | 2.11 | 2.00 | 2.02 | 1.90 |
| M8 | 1.87 | 1.91 | 2.29 | 1.92 | 2.19 |
| M9 | 2.12 | 2.00 | 1.77 | 2.14 | 2.05 |
The calculated values of multiplying data of main attributes by their weights for calculating evaluation index to select the best male date palms_
| Males | Leaf morphological traits | Pinnae morphological traits | Spathe morphological traits | Nutritional status of leaves traits | Pollen grains productivity traits | Sum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weights | ||||||
| 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 15 | |
| M1 | 4.10 | 4.88 | 8.67 | 2.21 | 10.84 | 30.69 |
| M2 | 4.01 | 6.24 | 7.80 | 1.93 | 9.19 | 29.17 |
| M3 | 4.10 | 5.65 | 8.85 | 2.12 | 10.26 | 30.98 |
| M4 | 3.75 | 5.92 | 8.15 | 1.80 | 9.57 | 29.20 |
| M5 | 3.86 | 6.52 | 8.40 | 1.81 | 9.90 | 30.49 |
| M6 | 3.40 | 6.22 | 8.11 | 1.94 | 10.19 | 29.87 |
| M7 | 4.16 | 6.34 | 8.00 | 2.02 | 9.48 | 29.99 |
| M8 | 3.74 | 5.73 | 9.18 | 1.92 | 10.94 | 31.51 |
| M9 | 4.24 | 6.00 | 7.09 | 2.14 | 10.23 | 29.71 |
Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) describe the correlations among attributes of leaf morphological traits that describe nine date palms (P_ dactylifera L_)_
| A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | A6 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | 1 | |||||
| A2 | –0.487 | 1 | ||||
| A3 | –0.244 | 0.964 | 1 | |||
| A4 | 0.208 | –0.352 | –0.321 | 1 | ||
| A5 | 0.286 | –0.173 | –0.096 | –0.142 | 1 | |
| A6 | 0.045 | –0.35 | –0.359 | 0.33 | –0.273 | 1 |
| A7 | –0.172 | 0.08 | 0.058 | –0.183 | –0.055 | 0.665 |
Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) describe the correlations among attributes of nutritional status of leaves and pollen grains productivity that describe nine date palms (P_ dactylifera L_)_
| A11 | A12 | A13 | A14 | A15 | A16 | A17 | A18 | A19 | A20 | A21 | A22 | A23 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A11 | 1 | ||||||||||||
| A12 | 0.553 | 1 | |||||||||||
| A13 | –0.148 | 0.308 | 1 | ||||||||||
| A14 | –0.467 | –0.017 | 0.033 | 1 | |||||||||
| A15 | 0.375 | –0.350 | –0.468 | –0.629 | 1 | ||||||||
| A16 | 0.249 | –0.129 | 0.293 | –0.178 | 0.362 | 1 | |||||||
| A17 | 0.489 | 0.306 | –0.139 | –0.106 | 0.215 | 0.091 | 1 | ||||||
| A18 | 0.865 | 0.251 | –0.254 | –0.597 | 0.675 | 0.271 | 0.437 | 1 | |||||
| A19 | –0.435 | –0.414 | 0.078 | 0.091 | 0.178 | 0.329 | 0.055 | –0.408 | 1 | ||||
| A20 | –0.004 | –0.128 | –0.062 | –0.007 | 0.291 | 0.290 | 0.693 | –0.002 | 0.757 | 1 | |||
| A21 | 0.236 | –0.380 | –0.129 | –0.501 | 0.551 | 0.369 | –0.496 | 0.424 | –0.167 | –0.431 | 1 | ||
| A22 | 0.040 | 0.454 | 0.207 | –0.193 | –0.326 | –0.532 | 0.417 | –0.078 | –0.094 | 0.194 | –0.593 | 1 | |
| A23 | 0.504 | –0.203 | –0.077 | –0.488 | 0.485 | 0.378 | –0.003 | 0.614 | –0.290 | –0.199 | 0.787 | –0.302 | 1 |
| A24 | 0.746 | 0.246 | –0.064 | –0.115 | 0.143 | 0.296 | 0.210 | 0.637 | –0.558 | –0.267 | 0.436 | –0.261 | 0.763 |
Main and sub-attributes and weights were used for determination of the evaluation index of nine male date palms_
| Main attributes | Weight | Sub-attributes | Symbol | Weight | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leaf morphological traits | 2 | Leaf length (m) | A1 | 2 | 3.55 | 4.48 |
| Leaf width (m) | A2 | 1 | 0.34 | 0.89 | ||
| Leaf area (m2) | A3 | 3 | 1.87 | 4.26 | ||
| Pinnae morphological traits | 3 | Pinnae length of pinnae part (cm) | A4 | 3 | 2.54 | 3.15 |
| Number of pinnae/leaf | A5 | 4 | 174 | 213 | ||
| Pinnae length (cm) | A6 | 1 | 42.00 | 59.50 | ||
| Pinnae width (cm) | A7 | 2 | 3.36 | 4.19 | ||
| Spathe morphological traits | 4 | Spathe length (cm) | A8 | 2 | 59.00 | 155.00 |
| Spathe width (cm) | A9 | 3 | 12.95 | 20.60 | ||
| Spathe stand length (cm) | A10 | 1 | 16.55 | 78.00 | ||
| Spathe weight (kg) | A11 | 4 | 0.75 | 4.20 | ||
| Nutritional status of leaves | 1 | N (%) | A12 | 5 | 0.84 | 1.16 |
| P (%) | A13 | 2 | 0.038 | 0.062 | ||
| K (%) | A14 | 3 | 0.78 | 1.35 | ||
| Ca (%) | A15 | 4 | 0.33 | 0.56 | ||
| Mg (%) | A16 | 1 | 0.10 | 0.19 | ||
| Pollen grains productivity | 5 | Number strand/spathe | A17 | 4 | 147 | 295 |
| Strand length (cm) | A18 | 5 | 15.90 | 36.50 | ||
| Number flower/strand | A19 | 3 | 48 | 93 | ||
| Number flower/spathe | A20 | 6 | 8,526 | 22,320 | ||
| Pollen grains weight/spathe (g) | A21 | 8 | 14.70 | 29.20 | ||
| Germination percentage (%) | A22 | 7 | 78.00 | 96.00 | ||
| Pollen grains length (μm) | A23 | 2 | 17.12 | 22.00 | ||
| Pollen grains width (μm) | A24 | 1 | 6.85 | 10.30 |
Statistical criteria of experimental results of pollen grain productivity characteristics of nine different male date palms_
| Attributes | Statistical criteria | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum | Maximum | Mean ± standard deviation | CV (%) | Skewness | Kurtosis | |
| Number strand/spathe (-) | 147 | 295 | 240 ± 44 | 18.29 | –0.62 | –0.28 |
| Strand length (cm) | 15.90 | 36.50 | 27.78 ± 5.68 | 20.46 | –0.85 | 0.05 |
| Number flower/strand (-) | 48 | 93 | 61 ± 11 | 18.83 | 1.74 | 2.64 |
| Number flower/spathe (-) | 8,526 | 22,320 | 14,659 ± 3,931 | 26.82 | 0.45 | –0.66 |
| Pollen grains weight/spathe (g) | 14.70 | 29.20 | 19.42 ± 4.97 | 25.56 | 1.09 | –0.31 |
| Germination percentage (%) | 78 | 96 | 87 ± 5.0 | 6.16 | 0.08 | –1.27 |
| Pollen grains length (μm) | 17.12 | 22.00 | 19.30 ± 1.17 | 6.08 | 0.17 | 0.36 |
| Pollen grains width (μm) | 6.85 | 10.30 | 8.34 ± 1.08 | 12.93 | 0.44 | –1.08 |
Statistical criteria of experimental results of morphological characteristics and nutritional status of leaves of nine male date palms_
| Attributes | Statistical criteria | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum | Maximum | Mean ± standard deviation | CV (%) | Skewness | Kurtosis | |
| Leaf length (m) | 3.55 | 4.48 | 3.95 ± 0.30 | 7.64 | 0.48 | –1.10 |
| Leaf width (m) | 0.34 | 0.89 | 0.58 ± 0.14 | 25.17 | 0.58 | 0.01 |
| Leaf area (m2) | 1.87 | 4.26 | 2.81 ± 0.64 | 22.69 | 0.72 | 0.21 |
| Pinnae length of pinnae part (m) | 2.54 | 3.15 | 2.88 ± 0.20 | 6.86 | –0.19 | –1.48 |
| Number of pinnae/leaf | 174 | 213 | 196 ± 12.00 | 6.12 | –0.61 | –1.01 |
| Pinnae length (cm) | 42.00 | 59.50 | 49.20 ± 4.40 | 8.94 | 0.72 | 0.26 |
| Pinnae width (cm) | 3.36 | 4.19 | 3.71 ± 0.25 | 6.61 | 0.45 | –0.81 |
| Spathe length (cm) | 59.00 | 155.00 | 95.83 ± 29.48 | 30.77 | 0.66 | –0.64 |
| Spathe width (cm) | 12.95 | 20.60 | 17.10 ± 2.16 | 12.61 | –0.52 | –0.45 |
| Spathe stand length (cm) | 16.55 | 78.00 | 39.29 ± 18.60 | 47.35 | 0.61 | –0.51 |
| Spathe weight (kg) | 0.75 | 4.20 | 2.46 ± 1.04 | 42.20 | 0.09 | –1.02 |
| N (%) | 0.84 | 1.16 | 0.95 ± 0.08 | 8.65 | 0.84 | 0.44 |
| P (%) | 0.038 | 0.062 | 0.0459 ± 0.006 | 16.52 | 0.77 | –0.56 |
| K (%) | 0.78 | 1.35 | 1.13 ± 0.16 | 14.43 | –0.67 | –0.46 |
| Ca (%) | 0.33 | 0.56 | 0.48 ± 0.06 | 13.19 | –0.98 | 0.26 |
| Mg (%) | 0.10 | 0.19 | 0.15 ± 0.02 | 16.04 | –0.16 | –0.56 |
Mean values for morphological leaf and pinnae from nine male date palms during the 2021 season_
| Males | Leaf length | Leaf width | Leaf area | Length of pinnae part | Number of pinnae/leaf | Pinnae length | Pinnae width |
| (m) | (m) | (m2) | (m) | (-) | (cm) | (cm) | |
| M1 | 4.37 b | 0.351 e | 1.92 i | 3.08 ba | 204 cb | 48.00 ed | 3.43 f |
| M2 | 3.68 f | 0.719 b | 3.31 b | 2.78 d | 176 f | 43.98 f | 3.45 fe |
| M3 | 3.97 d | 0.490 d | 2.43 g | 3.07 b | 178 f | 58.50 a | 4.17 a |
| M4 | 4.14 c | 0.601 c | 3.11 c | 3.04 b | 206 b | 44.25 f | 3.51 e |
| M5 | 3.86 e | 0.592 c | 2.85 d | 3.13 a | 188 e | 52.33 b | 3.52 e |
| M6 | 3.57 g | 0.593 c | 2.65 f | 2.62 e | 196 d | 47.44 e | 3.74 d |
| M7 | 3.67 f | 0.473 d | 2.17 h | 2.87 c | 210 a | 50.60 cb | 3.86 c |
| M8 | 3.84 e | 0.867 a | 4.16 a | 2.75 d | 204 cb | 47.95 ed | 3.93 b |
| M9 | 4.45 a | 0.493 d | 2.74 e | 2.61 e | 202 c | 49.72 cd | 3.77 d |
| LSD (5%) | 4.45 | 0.0222 | 0.0922 | 0.048 | 3.0 | 1.989 | 0.066 |
Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) describe the correlations among attributes of leaf, pinnae and spathe morphological traits that describe nine date palms (P_ dactylifera L_)_
| A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | A6 | A7 | A8 | A9 | A10 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A8 | 0.303 | –0.284 | –0.268 | –0.095 | –0.062 | –0.491 | –0.61 | 1 | ||
| A9 | –0.263 | 0.153 | 0.095 | 0.303 | 0.435 | –0.432 | –0.355 | 0.072 | 1 | |
| A10 | 0.403 | –0.433 | –0.391 | 0.085 | 0.08 | –0.498 | –0.655 | 0.936 | 0.21 | 1 |
| A11 | 0.076 | –0.43 | –0.479 | 0.214 | –0.104 | –0.362 | –0.619 | 0.815 | 0.384 | 0.869 |