An evaluation rule to manage productivity properties performance of male date palms

Mahmoud Abdel-Sattar; Rashid S. Al-Obeed; Abdulwahed M. Aboukarima; Krzysztof Górnik; Ghada E. El-Badan

doi:10.2478/fhort-2024-0022

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An evaluation rule to manage productivity properties performance of male date palms

Folia Horticulturae

Volume 36 (2024): Issue 3 (December 2024)

By: Mahmoud Abdel-Sattar , Rashid S. Al-Obeed, Abdulwahed M. Aboukarima, Krzysztof Górnik and Ghada E. El-Badan

Open Access

|Oct 2024

Figures & Tables

Table 1.

Main and sub-attributes and weights were used for determination of the evaluation index of nine male date palms.

Main attributes	Weight	Sub-attributes	Symbol	Weight	Minimum	Maximum
Leaf morphological traits	2	Leaf length (m)	A1	2	3.55	4.48
		Leaf width (m)	A2	1	0.34	0.89
		Leaf area (m²)	A3	3	1.87	4.26
Pinnae morphological traits	3	Pinnae length of pinnae part (cm)	A4	3	2.54	3.15
		Number of pinnae/leaf	A5	4	174	213
		Pinnae length (cm)	A6	1	42.00	59.50
		Pinnae width (cm)	A7	2	3.36	4.19
Spathe morphological traits	4	Spathe length (cm)	A8	2	59.00	155.00
		Spathe width (cm)	A9	3	12.95	20.60
		Spathe stand length (cm)	A10	1	16.55	78.00
		Spathe weight (kg)	A11	4	0.75	4.20
Nutritional status of leaves	1	N (%)	A12	5	0.84	1.16
		P (%)	A13	2	0.038	0.062
		K (%)	A14	3	0.78	1.35
		Ca (%)	A15	4	0.33	0.56
		Mg (%)	A16	1	0.10	0.19
Pollen grains productivity	5	Number strand/spathe	A17	4	147	295
		Strand length (cm)	A18	5	15.90	36.50
		Number flower/strand	A19	3	48	93
		Number flower/spathe	A20	6	8,526	22,320
		Pollen grains weight/spathe (g)	A21	8	14.70	29.20
		Germination percentage (%)	A22	7	78.00	96.00
		Pollen grains length (μm)	A23	2	17.12	22.00
		Pollen grains width (μm)	A24	1	6.85	10.30

Table 2.

Statistical criteria of experimental results of morphological characteristics and nutritional status of leaves of nine male date palms.

Attributes	Statistical criteria
	Minimum	Maximum	Mean ± standard deviation	CV (%)	Skewness	Kurtosis
	Leaf length (m)	3.55	4.48	3.95 ± 0.30	7.64	0.48	–1.10
Leaf width (m)	0.34	0.89	0.58 ± 0.14	25.17	0.58	0.01
Leaf area (m²)	1.87	4.26	2.81 ± 0.64	22.69	0.72	0.21
Pinnae length of pinnae part (m)	2.54	3.15	2.88 ± 0.20	6.86	–0.19	–1.48
Number of pinnae/leaf	174	213	196 ± 12.00	6.12	–0.61	–1.01
Pinnae length (cm)	42.00	59.50	49.20 ± 4.40	8.94	0.72	0.26
Pinnae width (cm)	3.36	4.19	3.71 ± 0.25	6.61	0.45	–0.81
Spathe length (cm)	59.00	155.00	95.83 ± 29.48	30.77	0.66	–0.64
Spathe width (cm)	12.95	20.60	17.10 ± 2.16	12.61	–0.52	–0.45
Spathe stand length (cm)	16.55	78.00	39.29 ± 18.60	47.35	0.61	–0.51
Spathe weight (kg)	0.75	4.20	2.46 ± 1.04	42.20	0.09	–1.02
N (%)	0.84	1.16	0.95 ± 0.08	8.65	0.84	0.44
P (%)	0.038	0.062	0.0459 ± 0.006	16.52	0.77	–0.56
K (%)	0.78	1.35	1.13 ± 0.16	14.43	–0.67	–0.46
Ca (%)	0.33	0.56	0.48 ± 0.06	13.19	–0.98	0.26
Mg (%)	0.10	0.19	0.15 ± 0.02	16.04	–0.16	–0.56

1 CV, coefficient of variation.

Table 3.

Mean values for morphological leaf and pinnae from nine male date palms during the 2021 season.

Males	Leaf length	Leaf width	Leaf area	Length of pinnae part	Number of pinnae/leaf	Pinnae length	Pinnae width
Males	(m)	(m)	(m²)	(m)	(-)	(cm)	(cm)
M1	4.37 b	0.351 e	1.92 i	3.08 ba	204 cb	48.00 ed	3.43 f
M2	3.68 f	0.719 b	3.31 b	2.78 d	176 f	43.98 f	3.45 fe
M3	3.97 d	0.490 d	2.43 g	3.07 b	178 f	58.50 a	4.17 a
M4	4.14 c	0.601 c	3.11 c	3.04 b	206 b	44.25 f	3.51 e
M5	3.86 e	0.592 c	2.85 d	3.13 a	188 e	52.33 b	3.52 e
M6	3.57 g	0.593 c	2.65 f	2.62 e	196 d	47.44 e	3.74 d
M7	3.67 f	0.473 d	2.17 h	2.87 c	210 a	50.60 cb	3.86 c
M8	3.84 e	0.867 a	4.16 a	2.75 d	204 cb	47.95 ed	3.93 b
M9	4.45 a	0.493 d	2.74 e	2.61 e	202 c	49.72 cd	3.77 d
LSD (5%)	4.45	0.0222	0.0922	0.048	3.0	1.989	0.066

1 Mean values with different letters in the same column are significantly different at p ≤ 0.05.

1 LSD, least significant difference.

Table 4.

Mean values for spathe morphological traits and nutritional status of leaves from nine male date palms during the 2021 season.

Males	Spathe length	Spathe width	Spathe stand length	Spathe weight	N	P	K	Ca	Mg
Males	(cm)	(cm)	(cm)	(kg)	(%)	(%)	(%)	(%)	(%)
M1	153.75 a	18.13 c	76.50 a	4.10 a	0.98 c	0.0403 c	1.01 e	0.54 a	0.15 cb
M2	123.56 b	15.63 e	51.25 c	2.95 d	0.94 de	0.0400 c	0.81 f	0.55 a	0.14 d
M3	73.00 f	14.75 f	26.00 f	2.04 f	0.86 f	0.0403 c	1.25 b	0.54 ab	0.15 cd
M4	94.00 e	20.41 a	52.50 b	3.09 c	0.96 dc	0.0390 c	1.27 b	0.46 d	0.16 cb
M5	70.50 g	17.64 d	21.50 h	2.23 e	1.03 b	0.0400 c	1.21 c	0.47 cd	0.12 e
M6	117.89 c	18.69 b	47.45 d	3.70 b	1.12 a	0.0610 a	1.09 d	0.43 e	0.16 cb
M7	60.50 h	17.68 d	23.50 g	1.65 g	0.91 e	0.0515 b	1.20 c	0.49 c	0.18 a
M8	72.00 gf	18.00 c	16.66 i	0.78 h	0.94 de	0.0500 b	1.34 a	0.35 f	0.11 e
M9	97.28 d	13.02 g	38.28 e	1.58 g	0.85 f	0.0510 b	1.00 e	0.52 b	0.16 b
LSD (5%)	1.97	0.33	1.21	0.12	0.04	0.0022	0.03	0.0187	0.01

1 Values within a column with the same letter(s) are not significantly different by LSD (p < 0.05).

1 LSD, least significant difference.

Table 5.

Statistical criteria of experimental results of pollen grain productivity characteristics of nine different male date palms.

Attributes	Statistical criteria
Attributes	Minimum	Maximum	Mean ± standard deviation	CV (%)	Skewness	Kurtosis
Number strand/spathe (-)	147	295	240 ± 44	18.29	–0.62	–0.28
Strand length (cm)	15.90	36.50	27.78 ± 5.68	20.46	–0.85	0.05
Number flower/strand (-)	48	93	61 ± 11	18.83	1.74	2.64
Number flower/spathe (-)	8,526	22,320	14,659 ± 3,931	26.82	0.45	–0.66
Pollen grains weight/spathe (g)	14.70	29.20	19.42 ± 4.97	25.56	1.09	–0.31
Germination percentage (%)	78	96	87 ± 5.0	6.16	0.08	–1.27
Pollen grains length (μm)	17.12	22.00	19.30 ± 1.17	6.08	0.17	0.36
Pollen grains width (μm)	6.85	10.30	8.34 ± 1.08	12.93	0.44	–1.08

1 CV, coefficient of variation.

Distribution of number strand/spathe (curve A), strand length (curve B), number flower/strand (curve C) and number flower/spathe (curve D) of nine male date palms.

Distribution of weight/spathe (curve A), germination (curve B), length (curve C) and width (curve D) of pollen grains of nine male date palms.

The calculated evaluation index to make an evaluation rule to manage productivity properties performance of male date palms.

Table 6.

The calculated values of the main attributes for evaluation index calculation to select the best male date palms.

Males	Leaf morphological traits	Pinnae morphological traits	Spathe morphological traits	Nutritional status of leaves	Pollen grains productivity and germination percentage traits
M1	2.05	1.63	2.17	2.21	2.17
M2	2.00	2.08	1.95	1.93	1.84
M3	2.05	1.88	2.21	2.12	2.05
M4	1.87	1.97	2.04	1.80	1.91
M5	1.93	2.17	2.10	1.81	1.98
M6	1.70	2.07	2.03	1.94	2.04
M7	2.08	2.11	2.00	2.02	1.90
M8	1.87	1.91	2.29	1.92	2.19
M9	2.12	2.00	1.77	2.14	2.05

Table 7.

The calculated values of multiplying data of main attributes by their weights for calculating evaluation index to select the best male date palms.

Males	Leaf morphological traits	Pinnae morphological traits	Spathe morphological traits	Nutritional status of leaves traits	Pollen grains productivity traits	Sum
	Weights
	2	3	4	1	5	15
M1	4.10	4.88	8.67	2.21	10.84	30.69
M2	4.01	6.24	7.80	1.93	9.19	29.17
M3	4.10	5.65	8.85	2.12	10.26	30.98
M4	3.75	5.92	8.15	1.80	9.57	29.20
M5	3.86	6.52	8.40	1.81	9.90	30.49
M6	3.40	6.22	8.11	1.94	10.19	29.87
M7	4.16	6.34	8.00	2.02	9.48	29.99
M8	3.74	5.73	9.18	1.92	10.94	31.51
M9	4.24	6.00	7.09	2.14	10.23	29.71

Table 8.

Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) describe the correlations among attributes of leaf morphological traits that describe nine date palms (P. dactylifera L.).

	A1	A2	A3	A4	A5	A6
A1	1
A2	–0.487	1
A3	–0.244	0.964	1
A4	0.208	–0.352	–0.321	1
A5	0.286	–0.173	–0.096	–0.142	1
A6	0.045	–0.35	–0.359	0.33	–0.273	1
A7	–0.172	0.08	0.058	–0.183	–0.055	0.665

Table 9.

Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) describe the correlations among attributes of leaf, pinnae and spathe morphological traits that describe nine date palms (P. dactylifera L.).

	A1	A2	A3	A4	A5	A6	A7	A8	A9	A10
A8	0.303	–0.284	–0.268	–0.095	–0.062	–0.491	–0.61	1
A9	–0.263	0.153	0.095	0.303	0.435	–0.432	–0.355	0.072	1
A10	0.403	–0.433	–0.391	0.085	0.08	–0.498	–0.655	0.936	0.21	1
A11	0.076	–0.43	–0.479	0.214	–0.104	–0.362	–0.619	0.815	0.384	0.869

Table 10.

Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) describe the correlations among attributes of nutritional status of leaves and pollen grains productivity that describe nine date palms (P. dactylifera L.).

	A11	A12	A13	A14	A15	A16	A17	A18	A19	A20	A21	A22	A23
A11	1
A12	0.553	1
A13	–0.148	0.308	1
A14	–0.467	–0.017	0.033	1
A15	0.375	–0.350	–0.468	–0.629	1
A16	0.249	–0.129	0.293	–0.178	0.362	1
A17	0.489	0.306	–0.139	–0.106	0.215	0.091	1
A18	0.865	0.251	–0.254	–0.597	0.675	0.271	0.437	1
A19	–0.435	–0.414	0.078	0.091	0.178	0.329	0.055	–0.408	1
A20	–0.004	–0.128	–0.062	–0.007	0.291	0.290	0.693	–0.002	0.757	1
A21	0.236	–0.380	–0.129	–0.501	0.551	0.369	–0.496	0.424	–0.167	–0.431	1
A22	0.040	0.454	0.207	–0.193	–0.326	–0.532	0.417	–0.078	–0.094	0.194	–0.593	1
A23	0.504	–0.203	–0.077	–0.488	0.485	0.378	–0.003	0.614	–0.290	–0.199	0.787	–0.302	1
A24	0.746	0.246	–0.064	–0.115	0.143	0.296	0.210	0.637	–0.558	–0.267	0.436	–0.261	0.763

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2024-0022 | Journal eISSN: 2083-5965 | Journal ISSN: 0867-1761

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Language: English

Page range: 363 - 380

Submitted on: Jan 19, 2023

Accepted on: Jul 2, 2024

Published on: Oct 24, 2024

Published by: Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

Keywords:

evaluation index,

morphology,

nutritional status,

Phoenix dactylifera L.,

pollen grains productivity,

pollenisers

Related subjects:

Life sciences,

Plant science

© 2024 Mahmoud Abdel-Sattar, Rashid S. Al-Obeed, Abdulwahed M. Aboukarima, Krzysztof Górnik, Ghada E. El-Badan, published by Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 36 (2024): Issue 3 (December 2024)

An evaluation rule to manage productivity properties performance of male date palms

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

Table 5.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Table 6.

Table 7.

Table 8.

Table 9.

Table 10.

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