Figure 1
Eco-geographical sites of Anatolian fig accessions used in this study. The number of fig accessions collected from each different eco-geographical province is given in brackets.
Table 1
Genetic parameters of Anatolian fig accessions examined in this study.
| Locus no | Locus name | N | He | Ho | PI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L1 | MFC1 | 6 | 0.592 | 0.845 | 0.362 |
| L2 | MFC2 | 9 | 0.706 | 0.680 | 0.198 |
| L3 | MFC3 | 8 | 0.554 | 0.409 | 0.373 |
| L4 | MFC8 | 6 | 0.339 | 0.319 | 0.505 |
| L5 | FCUP008-2 | 11 | 0.763 | 0.761 | 0.161 |
| L6 | FCUP027-4 | 9 | 0.778 | 0.732 | 0.135 |
| L7 | FCUP038-6 | 15 | 0.805 | 0.696 | 0.093 |
| L8 | FCUP066-7 | 8 | 0.701 | 0.754 | 0.240 |
| L9 | FCUP068-1 | 11 | 0.726 | 0.748 | 0.189 |
| L10 | FCUP070-2 | 11 | 0.831 | 0.764 | 0.094 |
| L11 | LMFC23 | 2 | 0.413 | 0.383 | 0.600 |
| L12 | LMFC25 | 5 | 0.521 | 0.532 | 0.424 |
| L13 | LMFC30 | 9 | 0.833 | 0.819 | 0.093 |
| L14 | FM4-70 | 6 | 0.736 | 0.658 | 0.212 |
| Mean | 7.75 | 0.652 | 0.685 | – |
[i] Allele numbers (N), expected heterozygosity (He), observed heterozygosity (Ho) and probability of identity (PI) values for the SSR loci are shown.
Table 2
Expected and observed heterozygosities, polymorphic locus at both 95% and 99% probability levels and the mean number of alleles per locus in six Anatolian fig populations (sample size of each population).
| Populations (sample size of each population) | Heterozygosity | Polymorphic locus | Mean of alleles/loci | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hexp | Hobs | P(0.95) | P(0.99) | ||
| Aegean (157) | 0.624 ± 0.146 | 0.625 ± 0.160 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 6.86 |
| Central Anatolia (11) | 0.625 ± 0.154 | 0.623 ± 0.214 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 4.79 |
| Mediterranean (42) | 0.658 ± 0.176 | 0.668 ± 0.192 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 6.36 |
| Marmara (53) | 0.655 ± 0.193 | 0.685 ± 0.219 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 6.36 |
| Black Sea (34) | 0.641 ± 0.169 | 0.687 ± 0.209 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 5.50 |
| Southeast Anatolia (13) | 0.638 ± 0.185 | 0.687 ± 0.221 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 5.50 |
Table 3
Pairwise population differentiation (Fst) and gene flow (Nm) between Anatolian fig populations.
| Populations (Fst/Nm) | Aegean | Central Anatolia | Mediterranean | Marmara | Black Sea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aegean | – | ||||
| Central Anatolia | 0.035***/6.92 | – | |||
| Mediterranean | 0.067***/3.50 | 0.067***/3.47 | – | ||
| Marmara | 0.024***/10.16 | 0.007ns/31.23 | 0.048***/4.92 | – | |
| Black Sea | 0.078***/2.94 | 0.043***/5.40 | 0.068***/3.41 | 0.037***/6.40 | – |
| Southeast Anatolia | 0.71***/3.26 | 0.069***/3.39 | 0.028**/8.70 | 0.048***/4.90 | 0.054***/4.28 |
Figure 2
FCA of six fig populations. Different colours indicate different geographical regions where different fig accessions are originated from. The first axis of the FCA accounts for 38.76% of the variation within the data whereas the second axis accounts for an additional 28.63%. Both axes together account for 67.39% of the variability in the dataset. FCA, factorial correspondence analysis.
Figure 3
A: Illustration of two RPPs (RPP1 and RPP2) (K = 2, ql = 100–0%) B: Distribution of fig accessions by RPPs; accession no (population no: (1): Aegean, (2): Central Anatolia, (3): Mediterranean, (4): Marmara, (5): Black Sea, (6): Southeast Anatolia). See Supplementary Table 1 for corresponding accession numbers. RPPs, reconstructed panmictic populations.
Table 4
Multilocus genotypes (MLG), number of different alleles (Na), effective alleles (Ne), observed heterozygosity (Ho), unbiased expected heterozygosity (uHe) and PAS values found in different fig populations studied.
| Population | MLG | Na | Ne | Ho | uHe | PAS (Locus no: alleles (bp)) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aegean | 38 | 6.85 | 3.07 | 0.62 | 0.62 | L3:137, L6:246, L8:142, L10:155–159–179, L11:176 |
| Central Anatolia | 3 | 4.78 | 3.03 | 0.62 | 0.65 | L4:156, L12:124 |
| Mediterranean | 19 | 6.35 | 3.60 | 0.66 | 0.66 | L3:141, L6:160, L7:190, L9:153, L15:196 |
| Marmara | 15 | 6.35 | 3.67 | 0.68 | 0.66 | L6:148–168, L7:158, L8:186, L14:249 |
| Black Sea | 15 | 5.42 | 3.35 | 0.68 | 0.64 | L2:160, L8:144 |
| Southeast Anatolia | 6 | 5.50 | 3.40 | 0.68 | 0.66 | L2:186, L11:152 |
| Total | 96 | 35.25 | 20.12 | 3.94 | 3.89 | – |
[i] PAS, private alleles summary.
Table 5
Number of genotypes (accessions) (gen)/clonality, effective number of genotypes (accessions) (eff), genotypic diversity (div), eveness (eve) and Shannon-Wiener (shw) values (for threshold = 2) determined in MLLs analysis.
| Population | Number of genotypes (accessions) (gen)/Clonality | Effective number of genotypes (accessions) (eff) | Genotypic diversity (div) | Eveness (eve) | Shannon-wiener (shw) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aegean | 124/33 | 87 | 0.994 | 0.702 | 2.035 |
| Central Anatolia | 11/0 | 11 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.041 |
| Mediterranean | 33/9 | 26 | 0.986 | 0.809 | 1.479 |
| Marmara | 46/7 | 41 | 0.994 | 0.911 | 1.644 |
| Black Sea | 29/4 | 26 | 0.992 | 0.915 | 1.445 |
| Southeast Anatolia | 12/1 | 11 | 0.987 | 0.938 | 1.067 |
[i] MLLs, multilocus lineages.
Figure S1
The UPGMA tree showing genetic relationships of six fig populations from Anatolia based on Nei's (1972) genetic distance.
Figure S2
Bayesian analysis of population structure of fig accessions. The structure where fig populations are shown in their heterogeneous, homogeneous or admixtured state is constructed based on their allele frequencies, using the BAPS software. In this figure, vertical bars correspond to individual genotypes. Black vertical lines are used to separate different populations.
Figure S3
A: The best K value (2) is shown in the graph, B: Population structure of fig populations based on K = 1–8. The best K value was calculated according to Evanno et al. (2005) and was K = 2.
Table S1
Collection cites, accession no, accession name of fig cultivars used in the study.
| Collection cites (Geographical region-Provinces-Fig plant sex) | Accession no | Accession code | Accession name | RPP grouping (red: RPP1) (green: RPP2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aegean-Aydın-Female | 1 | 1001 | Göklop | |
| 2 | 1002 | Bardakçı | ||
| 3 | 1004 | Kuşadası Bardakçı | ||
| 4 | 1111 | Mor Bardakçı | ||
| 5 | 1006 | Mor Güz | ||
| 6 | 1007 | Beyaz Güz | ||
| 7 | 1106 | Ak Güz | ||
| 8 | 1008 | Yeşil Güz | ||
| 9 | 1039 | Siyah Güz | ||
| 10 | 1009 | Mor 1 | ||
| 11 | 1020 | Mor 2 | ||
| 12 | 1021 | Mor 3 | ||
| 13 | 1022 | Mor 4 | ||
| 14 | 1005 | Şeker inciri | ||
| 15 | 1011 | Kış İnciri | ||
| 16 | 1023 | Kuş İnciri | ||
| 17 | 1026 | Siyah İncir | ||
| 18 | 1003 | Karahönü | ||
| 19 | 1010 | Kara Yaprak | ||
| 20 | 1019 | Karabakunya | ||
| 21 | 1012 | Siyah Orak | ||
| 22 | 1013 | Beyaz Orak | ||
| 23 | 1014 | Akça 1 | ||
| 24 | 1015 | Akça 2 | ||
| 25 | 1016 | Akça 3 | ||
| 26 | 1017 | Bardak | ||
| 27 | 1027 | Asıl Bardak | ||
| 28 | 1036 | Löp | ||
| 29 | 1037 | Lop | ||
| 30 | 1018 | Yediveren | ||
| 31 | 1025 | Şaranpol | ||
| 32 | 1028 | Kaya | ||
| 33 | 1031 | Alaca | ||
| 34 | 1032 | Devetabanı | ||
| 35 | 1034 | Sakız | ||
| 36 | 1038 | Lebi; Uzun | ||
| 37 | 1040 | Siyilli | ||
| 38 | 1041 | Sarı Dizilik | ||
| 39 | 1042 | Koca Ana | ||
| 40 | 1043 | Bektaşi | ||
| 41 | 1044 | Bağcılar | ||
| 42 | 1104 | Patlıcan | ||
| 43 | 1098 | Sarı Zeybek | ||
| 44 | 1118 | Unnamed | ||
| 45 | 1100 | Unnamed | ||
| 46 | 1029 | Sarı Lop | ||
| Aegean-Aydın-Male | 47 | 28 | Kara İlek | |
| 48 | 8 | Siyah İlek | ||
| 49 | 24 | Ak İlek | ||
| 50 | 36 | Mor İlek | ||
| 51 | 54 | Sarı İlek | ||
| 52 | 29 | Kavun İlek | ||
| 53 | 25 | Elma İlek | ||
| 54 | 53 | Kaba İlek(Bozdoğan) | ||
| 55 | 1 | Kabaİlek(Ömerbeyli) | ||
| 56 | 61 | Körpe İlek | ||
| 57 | 16 | Hamza İlek | ||
| 58 | 10 | Kızılay 1 | ||
| 59 | 32 | Kızılay-2 | ||
| 60 | 57 | Yanako 1 | ||
| 61 | 59 | Yanako 2 | ||
| 62 | 34 | Büyük Konkur | ||
| 63 | 38 | Küçük Konkur | ||
| 64 | 18 | Şeytan 1 | ||
| 65 | 19 | Şeytan 2 | ||
| 66 | 21a | Çakın 1 | ||
| 67 | 21b | Çakın 2 | ||
| 68 | 60 | Adalı | ||
| 69 | 23 | Kıbrıslı | ||
| 70 | 13 | Gabalı | ||
| 71 | 15 | Abalı | ||
| 72 | 22 | Damarlı | ||
| 73 | 50 | Taşlık | ||
| 74 | 52 | Kızılburun | ||
| 75 | 56 | Frenk | ||
| 76 | 35 | Afyoncu | ||
| 77 | 37 | Karabulut | ||
| 78 | 17a | Mordemirtaş | ||
| 79 | 17b | Çaçaron | ||
| 80 | 12 | Derviş Ali | ||
| 81 | 14 | Hacı Yusuf | ||
| 82 | 4 | Bostancı | ||
| 83 | 7 | Kuyucak | ||
| Aegean-İzmir-Male | 84 | 39 | Hacı Abdullah | |
| 85 | 40 | Kara Erkek | ||
| 86 | 41 | Ak Erkek 1 | ||
| 87 | 43 | Ak Erkek 2 | ||
| 88 | 42 | Çiçekli 2 | ||
| 89 | 44 | Conkurt | ||
| 90 | 46 | Ayardolduran | ||
| 91 | 49 | Armut İlek | ||
| Aegean-İzmir-Female | 92 | TUR1081 | Sarılop kim | |
| 93 | TUR1082 | Akça kim | ||
| 94 | TUR1047 | Morgüz | ||
| 95 | TUR1045 | Morgüz | ||
| 96 | TUR1035 | Sarı çiçek | ||
| 97 | TUR1046 | Mor | ||
| 98 | TUR1064 | Mor | ||
| 99 | TUR1048 | Ak sarılop | ||
| 100 | TUR1086 | Mor lop | ||
| 101 | TUR1087 | Unnamed | ||
| 102 | TUR1050 | Boğmalı | ||
| 103 | TUR1051 | Langav | ||
| 104 | TUR1053 | Aydın inciri | ||
| 105 | TUR1054 | Siyah | ||
| 106 | TUR1068 | Siyah | ||
| 107 | TUR1055 | Mor incir | ||
| 108 | TUR1056 | Bardak lopu | ||
| 109 | TUR1057 | Unnamed | ||
| 110 | TUR1059 | Unnamed | ||
| 111 | TUR1060 | Sarıca | ||
| 112 | TUR1061 | Bal inciri | ||
| 113 | TUR1062 | Eyyam bahur | ||
| 114 | TUR1065 | Arap inciri | ||
| 115 | TUR1066 | Yediveren | ||
| 116 | TUR1067 | Gökçe | ||
| 117 | TUR1069 | Kızgıt | ||
| 118 | TUR1070 | Kasaba | ||
| 119 | TUR1071 | Karabakunya | ||
| 120 | TUR1073 | Beyaz Karabakunya | ||
| 121 | TUR1072 | Unnamed | ||
| 122 | TUR1074 | Midilli | ||
| 123 | TUR1058 | Yeşil midilli 1 | ||
| 124 | TUR1077 | Yeşil midilli 2 | ||
| 125 | TUR1075 | Unnamed | ||
| 126 | TUR1076 | Unnamed | ||
| 127 | TUR1078 | Dibala | ||
| 128 | TUR1079 | Yörük inciri | ||
| 129 | TUR1080 | İzmir Bardacık 2 | ||
| 130 | TUR1083 | Unnamed | ||
| 131 | TUR1084 | Unnamed | ||
| 132 | TUR1085 | Lop yemiş | ||
| Aegean-Manisa-Female | 133 | TUR1049 | Unnamed | |
| 134 | TUR1107 | Kadota | ||
| 135 | TUR1088 | Siyah kış | ||
| 136 | TUR1089 | Ufak yeşil | ||
| 137 | TUR1090 | Esmer bal | ||
| 138 | TUR1091 | Unnamed | ||
| 139 | TUR1092 | Unnamed | ||
| 140 | TUR1093 | Unnamed | ||
| 141 | TUR1094 | Unnamed | ||
| 142 | TUR1095 | Unnamed | ||
| 143 | TUR1096 | Unnamed | ||
| 144 | TUR1097 | Unnamed | ||
| 145 | TUR1108 | Datça 1 | ||
| 146 | TUR1110 | Datça 2 | ||
| 147 | TUR1112 | Datça 3 | ||
| 148 | TUR1114 | Datça 4 | ||
| 149 | TUR1102 | Siyah incir | ||
| 150 | TUR1103 | Beyaz incir | ||
| 151 | TUR1119 | Unnamed | ||
| 152 | TUR1099 | Unnamed | ||
| 153 | TUR1109 | Şeker | ||
| 154 | TUR1113 | Beyaz incir | ||
| 155 | TUR1115 | Gökçe | ||
| 156 | TUR1116 | Ada | ||
| 157 | TUR1117 | Datça 5 | ||
| Central Anatolia-Eskişehir-Female | 158 | TUR708 | Darpak | |
| 159 | TUR709 | Kızıl mor | ||
| 160 | TUR710 | Ekşi incir | ||
| 161 | TUR711 | Beyaz incir | ||
| 162 | TUR712 | Siyah incir | ||
| 163 | TUR701 | Yabani(Mor) | ||
| 164 | TUR702 | Yabani f | ||
| 165 | TUR704 | Yabani f | ||
| 166 | TUR705 | K.formu | ||
| 167 | TUR706 | Çilci | ||
| 168 | TUR801 | Kadota | ||
| Mediterranean-Adana-Female | 169 | TUR 321 | Mor Seyhan | |
| 170 | TUR 322 | Beyaz Seyhan | ||
| 171 | TUR 318 | Mor İncir | ||
| 172 | TUR 311 | Mor Armudi | ||
| 173 | TUR 312 | Kızıl Mor | ||
| 174 | TUR 313 | Kırmızı İncir | ||
| 175 | TUR 317 | Aşı İnciri | ||
| 176 | TUR 314 | Meyem İnciri | ||
| 177 | TUR 315 | Kış İnciri | ||
| 178 | TUR 310 | Armut Sapı | ||
| 179 | TUR 316 | Yayladağ | ||
| 180 | TUR 323 | Fahli | ||
| 181 | TUR 324 | Şetvi | ||
| 182 | TUR 325 | Hamri | ||
| 183 | TUR 326 | Tarak | ||
| 184 | TUR 327 | Lebi | ||
| 185 | TUR01I-01 | Lop İnciri | ||
| 186 | TUR31-İ-08 | Lop İnciri | ||
| 187 | TUR31-İ-04 | Kırmızı İncir | ||
| 188 | TUR31-İ-02 | Beyaz İncir | ||
| 189 | TUR31-İ-03 | Siyah İncir | ||
| 190 | TUR31-İ-09 | Kışlık İncir | ||
| 191 | TUR31-İ-06 | Tarak İnciri | ||
| 192 | TUR31-İ-07 | Fetike İnciri | ||
| 193 | TUR31-İ-11 | Frenk İnciri | ||
| 194 | TUR31-İ-12 | Kilis İnciri | ||
| 195 | TUR31-İ-10 | Gök İncir | ||
| 196 | TUR31-İ-05 | Kandamik | ||
| Mediterranean-İçel (Mersin)-Female | 197 | TUR33-İ-01 | Gök İncir | |
| 198 | TUR 33-İ-02 | Güzlük Mor İncir | ||
| 199 | TUR33-İ-03 | Haziran İnciri | ||
| 200 | TUR33-İ-04 | Mor İncir | ||
| 201 | TUR 306 | Bodrum İnciri | ||
| 202 | TUR 307 | Kalın Kabuk | ||
| 203 | TUR 308 | Beyaz | ||
| Mediterranean-Osmaniye-Female | 204 | TUR 319 | Osmaniyeli | |
| 205 | TUR 320 | Unnamed | ||
| Mediterranean-Antalya-Female | 206 | TUR 302 | Mor İncir | |
| 207 | TUR 305 | Mor İncir | ||
| 208 | TUR 309 | Mor İncir | ||
| 209 | TUR 301 | Sarı İncir | ||
| 210 | TUR 303 | Unnamed | ||
| Marmara-Adapazarı-Female | 211 | TUR 249 | Kavak | |
| Marmara-Balıkesir-Female | 212 | TUR 209 | Mor İncir | |
| 213 | TUR 210 | Mor İncir | ||
| 214 | TUR 202 | Siyah | ||
| 215 | TUR 255 | Siyah | ||
| 216 | TUR 208 | Siyah İncir | ||
| 217 | TUR 254 | Midilli | ||
| 218 | TUR 220 | Dumanlı Kara | ||
| 219 | TUR 205 | Sarı Dizilik | ||
| 220 | TUR 206 | Boğmalı Dizilik | ||
| 221 | TUR 207 | Yemişi Lop | ||
| 222 | TUR 256 | Yediveren | ||
| 223 | TUR 201 | Istanbul | ||
| Marmara-Bursa-Female | 224 | TUR 237 | Bursa Siyahı | |
| 225 | TUR 236 | Bardak | ||
| 226 | TUR 238 | Beyaz Bardak | ||
| 227 | TUR 242 | Sarı Bardak | ||
| 228 | TUR 241 | Gök Bardak | ||
| 229 | TUR 240 | Lop | ||
| 230 | TUR 245 | Sarı Yemiş | ||
| 231 | TUR 246 | Gelin Yanağı | ||
| 232 | TUR 243 | Susak | ||
| 233 | TUR 244 | Kavak | ||
| 234 | TUR 247 | Mor İncir | ||
| 235 | TUR 248 | Siyah İncir | ||
| 236 | TUR 252 | Löp İnciri | ||
| Marmara-Çanakkale-Female | 237 | TUR 223 | Yediveren | |
| 238 | TUR 222 | Kavak Yediveren | ||
| 239 | TUR 224 | Beyaz İncir | ||
| 240 | TUR 213 | Kara Yemiş | ||
| 241 | TUR 216 | Siyah İncir | ||
| 242 | TUR 218 | Siyah | ||
| 243 | TUR 225 | Kabak Yemişi | ||
| 244 | TUR 212 | Çiçek İncir | ||
| 245 | TUR 215 | Midilli | ||
| 246 | TUR 214 | Unnamed | ||
| 247 | TUR 219 | Unnamed | ||
| Marmara-İstanbul-Female | 248 | TUR 235 | Yediveren | |
| 249 | TUR 250 | Yediveren | ||
| 250 | TUR 227 | Yediveren | ||
| 251 | TUR 234 | Siyah | ||
| 252 | TUR 230 | Siyah | ||
| 253 | TUR 251 | Dereköy | ||
| 254 | TUR 226 | Kasım İnciri | ||
| 255 | TUR 228 | İpek İnciri | ||
| 256 | TUR 231 | Tüylü İncir | ||
| 257 | TUR 232 | Koca Yemiş | ||
| 258 | TUR 253 | Sultan Selim | ||
| 259 | TUR 233 | Unnamed | ||
| 260 | TUR 229 | Unnamed | ||
| 261 | TUR 211 | Unnamed | ||
| 262 | TUR 203 | Unnamed | ||
| 263 | TUR 204 | Unnamed | ||
| Black Sea-Artvin-Female | 264 | TUR 536 | Beyaz İncir | |
| 265 | TUR 542 | Siyah Bukele | ||
| 266 | TUR 541 | Sarı Kilis | ||
| 267 | TUR 540 | Kilis İnciri | ||
| Black Sea-Bartın-Female | 268 | TUR 505 | Kara Sultani | |
| 269 | TUR 506 | Beyaz Sultani | ||
| Black Sea-Giresun-Female | 270 | TUR 530 | İpek İnciri | |
| 271 | TUR 532 | Kepek İnciri | ||
| 272 | TUR 531 | Değirmen İnciri | ||
| 273 | TUR 534 | Sarı İncir | ||
| 274 | TUR 533 | Ağarsak | ||
| Black Sea-Kastamonu-Female | 275 | TUR 507 | Balduzdın | |
| 276 | TUR 508 | Baldıran | ||
| Black Sea-Ordu-Female | 277 | TUR 528 | Kara İncir | |
| 278 | TUR 529 | Könüs İnciri | ||
| 279 | TUR 523 | Dilaver | ||
| 280 | TUR 524 | Ham İncir | ||
| 281 | TUR 525 | Ak İncir 1 | ||
| Black Sea-Sinop-Female | 282 | TUR 511 | Şalgam İnciri | |
| 283 | TUR 512 | Istanbul İnciri | ||
| 284 | TUR 514 | Deniz İnciri | ||
| 285 | TUR 515 | Tabak İnciri | ||
| 286 | TUR 513 | Filestos | ||
| Black Sea-Samsun-Female | 287 | TUR 517 | Mor İncir | |
| 288 | TUR 522 | Turna Boyu | ||
| 289 | TUR 519 | Şeker İnciri | ||
| Black Sea-Trabzon-Female | 290 | TUR 537 | Kara İncir | |
| 291 | TUR 538 | Kabak İnciri | ||
| 292 | TUR 535 | Horasan | ||
| Black Sea-Zonguldak-Female | 293 | TUR 503 | Ak İncir | |
| 294 | TUR 501 | Sarı İncir | ||
| 295 | TUR 504 | Siyah İncir | ||
| 296 | TUR 502 | Istanbul İnciri | ||
| Southeast Anatolia | 297 | TUR 401 | Mor Özer | |
| 298 | TUR 402 | Halebi | ||
| 299 | TUR 407 | Halebi | ||
| 300 | TUR 403 | Sultani | ||
| 301 | TUR 405 | Kalazi | ||
| 302 | TUR 408 | Azezi | ||
| 303 | TUR 404 | Kış Hayrı | ||
| 304 | TUR 221 | Yeşil İncir | ||
| 305 | TUR 217 | Unnamed | ||
| 306 | TUR 239 | Unnamed | ||
| 307 | TUR 304 | Unnamed | ||
| 308 | TUR 07-I-0P5 | Kızıl Yemiş | ||
| 309 | TUR 01-I-04 | Unnamed | ||
| Black Sea-Artvin-Female | 310 | TUR 539 | Beyaz Bukele |
Table S2
SSR loci information (locus no, locus name, primer sequence, repeat motif, expected range (bp), amplification temperatures and GenBank accession number).
| Locus no | Locus name | Primer sequence (5′ to 3′) | Repeat motif | Expected range (bp) | Amplification temperatures (Tm) | GenBank accession numbers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L1 | MFC1 | f: ctagactgaaaaaacattgc, r:tgagattgaaaggaaacgag | (ct)13 | 174–192 | 55 | AF333703 |
| L2 | MFC2 | f: gcttccgatgctgctctta, r:tcggagacttttgttcaat | (ac)18(at)7 | 158–172 | 55 | AF333697 |
| L3 | MFC3 | f:gatattttcatgtttagtttg, r:gaggatagaccaacaacaac | (ac)15(tc)(ac)8(at)7 | 122–136 | 55 | AF333698 |
| L4 | MFC8 | f:gtggcgtcgtctctaataat, r:tattctatgctgtcttatgtca | (ca)9ta(ca)14(ta)6 | 170–174 | 57 | AF333703 |
| L5 | FCUP008-2 | f: catacactttcatggagcacaaa, r: cccagatgtttggtgaagg | (tg)22 | 158–184 | 53 | EF198054 |
| L6 | FCUP027-4 | f: aaccttttagtatgcctttggaa, r: tccaccatcaaatccttctg | (ac)19 | 202–220 | 55 | EF198058 |
| L7 | FCUP038-6 | f:caatgtatcatttcatctcacgaa, r: agttcccatgtttggttactga | (tg)23t(ag)11 | 170–193 | 58 | EF198059 |
| L8 | FCUP066-7 | f: ccctctcgaagaagaagca, r: ctacaggaaatgggcctcaa | (ca)14 | 162–182 | 58 | EF198065 |
| L9 | FCUP068-1 | f:ggaattaccgtccatggcta, r: cgccactctctctctccact | (ag)14(gagagag)4 | 178–206 | 58 | EF198066 |
| L10 | FCUP070-2 | f:ttcaacttcaaccttcaccaa, r:tttgtctaaggaggcttattgtca | (ag)15 | 183–195 | 58 | EF198068 |
| L11 | LMFC23 | f: tttcgtgtctaacgatcaaaaa, r: ctcccatctccaactccatc | (ag)20 | 132 | 53 | AY545936 |
| L12 | LMFC25 | f: gattctgattaaagggtattt, r: gctttccaaatctaaagtaac | (tc)11 | 216 | 55 | AY545938 |
| L13 | LMFC30 | f: ttgtccgtttcttatacaat, r: tctttttaggcagatgttag | (ct)18(ca)6 | 253 | 58 | AY545942 |
| L14 | FM4-70 | f:cagatgaggttgacgatgttattg, r: taaaccctcttcaaattcactctc | (gaa)20−1 | 202–232 | 55 | AJ854076 |
[i] SSR, simple sequence repeat.
Table S3
Genetic distance/genetic similarity (%) between fig populations based on Nei's (1972) genetic distance.
| Populations | Aegean | Central Anatolia | Mediterranean | Marmara | Black Sea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aegean | – | ||||
| Central Anatolia | 0.107/89.3 | – | |||
| Mediterranean | 0.149/85.1 | 0.206/79.4 | – | ||
| Marmara | 0.055/94.5 | 0.065/93.5 | 0.126/87.4 | – | |
| Black Sea | 0.175/82.5 | 0.144/85.6 | 0.177/82.3 | 0.099/90.1 | – |
| Southeast Anatolia | 0.181/81.9 | 0.232/76.8 | 0.106/89.4 | 0.149/85.1 | 0.164/83.6 |
Table S4
Reconstructed panmictic population (RPP) grouping of homonymous identified based on SSR analysis.
| No | Homonymous-accession name (accession no-geographical region, provinces) | |
|---|---|---|
| RPP1 | RPP2 | |
| 1 | Kızılay 2 (59-Aegean, Aydın) | Kızılay 1 (58-Aegean, Aydın) |
| 2 | Şeytan 2 (65-Aegean, Aydın) | Şeytan 1 (64-Aegean, Aydın) |
| 3 | Çakın 1 (66-Aegean, Aydın) – Çakın 2 (67-Aegean, Aydın) | – |
| 4 | Datça1 (145-Aegean, Manisa) – Datça 3 (147-Aegean, Manisa) – Datça 4 (148-Aegean, Manisa) – Datça 5 (157-Aegean, Manisa) | Datça 2 (146-Aegean, Manisa) |
| 5 | Ak Erkek 1 (86-Aegean, İzmir) – Ak Erkek 2 (87-Aegean, İzmir) | – |
| 6 | Morgüz (95-Aegean, İzmir) – Morgüz (5-Aegean, Aydın) | Morgüz (94-Aegean, Aydın) |
| 7 | Siyah (105-Aegean, İzmir) – Siyah (106-Aegean, İzmir) – Siyah (214-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Siyah (252-Marmara, İstanbul) – Siyah İncir (17-Aegean, Aydın) – Siyah İncir (241-Marmara, Çanakkale)–Siyah (215-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Siyah İncir (216-Marmara, Balıkesir) | Siyah (251-Marmara, İstanbul) – Siyah İncir (149-Aegean, Manisa) – Siyah İncir (162-Central Anatolia, Eskişehir) – Siyah İncir (189-Mediterranean, Adana) – Siyah İncir (235-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Siyah (242-Marmara, Çanakkale) – Siyah İncir (295-Black Sea, Zonguldak) |
| 8 | Beyaz İncir (154-Aegean, Manisa) – Beyaz İncir (187-Mediterranean, Adana) – Beyaz İncir (238-Marmara, Çanakkale) – Beyaz İncir (263-Marmara, İstanbul) | Beyaz (203-Mediterranean, İçel) – Beyaz İncir (150-Aegean, Manisa) – Beyaz İncir (161-Central Anatolia) |
| 9 | Akça 1 (23-Aegean, Aydın) – Akça 2 (24-Aegean, Aydın) – Akça 3 (25-Aegean, Aydın) | – |
| 10 | Mor 1 (10-Aegean, Aydın) – Mor 2 (11-Aegean, Aydın) – Mor 3 (12-Aegean, Aydın) – Mor 4 (13-Aegean, Aydın) – Mor (97-Aegean, İzmir) – Mor (98-Aegean, İzmir) – Mor İncir (107-Aegean, İzmir) – Mor İncir (206-Mediterranean, Antalya) – Mor İncir (207-Mediterranean, Antalya) – Mor İncir (234-Marmara, Bursa) | Mor İncir (171-Mediterranean, Adana) – Güzlük Mor İncir (198-Mediterranean, İçel) – Mor İncir (200-Mediterranean, İçel) – Mor İncir (208-Mediterranean, Antalya) – Mor İncir (212-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Mor İncir (213-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Mor İncir (287-Black Sea, Samsun) |
| 11 | Midilli (122-Aegean, İzmir) – Midilli (217-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Midilli (245-Marmara, Çanakkale) – Yeşil Midilli 2 (124-Aegean, İzmir) | Yeşil Midilli 1 (123-Aegean, İzmir) |
| 12 | Yabani F (165-Central Anatolia-Eskişehir) | Yabani F (164-Central Anatolia, Eskişehir) – Yabani (Mor) (163-Central Anatolia, Eskişehir) |
| 13 | – | Karabakunya (20-Aegean, Aydın) – Karabakunya (119-Aegean, İzmir) – Beyaz karabakunya (120-Aegean, İzmir) |
| 14 | Bardakçı (2-Aegean, Aydın) – Kuşadası Bardakçı (3-Aegean, Aydın) – Morbardakçı (4-Aegean, Aydın) – Bardak (26-Aegean, Aydın) – Bardak (225-Marmara, Bursa) – Gök Bardak (228-Marmara, Bursa) | Asıl Bardak (27-Aegean, Aydın) – Beyaz Bardak (226-Marmara, Bursa) – Sarı Bardak (227-Marmara, Bursa) |
| 15 | Yediveren (30-Aegean, Aydın) – Yediveren (115-Aegean, İzmir) – Yediveren (222-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Yediveren (248-Marmara, İstanbul) | Yediveren (237-Marmara, Çanakkale) – Kavak Yediveren (238-Marmara, Çanakkale) – Yediveren (249-Marmara, İstanbul) – Yediveren (250-Marmara, İstanbul) |
| 16 | Şeker (153-Aegean, Manisa) – Şeker İnciri (14-Aegean, Aydın) | Şeker İnciri (289-Black Sea, Samsun) |
| 17 | Löp (28-Aegean, Aydın) – Lop (29-Aegean, Aydın) – Löp İnciri (236-Marmara, Bursa) | Lop İnciri (185-Mediterranean, Adana) – Lop İnciri (186-Mediterranean, Adana) – Lop (229-Marmara, Bursa) |
| 18 | Kaba İlek (Bozdoğan) (54-Aegean, Aydın) – Kaba İlek (Ömerbeyli) (55-Aegean, Aydın) | – |
| 19 | Büyük Konkur (62-Aegean, Aydın) – Küçük Konkur (63-Aegean, Aydın) | – |
| 20 | Frenk (75-Aegean, Aydın) | Frenk İnciri (193-Mediterranean, Adana) |
| 21 | – | Kış İnciri (15-Aegean, Aydın) – Kış İnciri (177-Mediterranean, Adana) – Kışlık İncir (190-Mediterranean, Adana) |
| 22 | – | Halebi (298-Southeast Anatolia) – Halebi (299-Southeast Anatolia) |
[i] SSR, simple sequence repeat.
Table S5
RPP grouping of synonymous identified based on SSR analysis.
| No | Synonymous-accession name (accession no-geographical region, provinces) | |
|---|---|---|
| RPP1 | RPP2 | |
| 1 | Gök Lop (1-Aegean, Aydın) – Löp (28-Aegean, Aydın) – Yediveren (30-Aegean, Aydın) – Alaca (33-Aegean, Aydın) – İstanbul (223-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Çiçek İncir (244-Marmara, Çanakkale) | – |
| 2 | Mor (98-Aegean, İzmir) – Dibala (127-Aegean, İzmir) | – |
| 3 | Ada (156-Aegean, Manisa) – Yemişi Lop (221-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Balduzdın (275-Black Sea, Kastamonu) – Könüş İnciri (278-Southeast Anatolia) | – |
| 4 | Bağcılar (41-Aegean, Aydın) – Unnamed (45-Aegean, Aydın) – Sarı Lop (46-Aegean, Aydın) | – |
| 5 | Sarılop Kim (92-Aegean, İzmir) – Ak Sarılop (99-Aegean, İzmir) – Unnamed (138-Aegean, Manisa) | – |
| 6 | Unnamed (126-Aegean, İzmir) – İzmir Bardacık 2 (129-Aegean, İzmir) | – |
| 7 | Mor 4 (13-Aegean, Aydın) – Unnamed (142-Aegean, Manisa) | – |
| 8 | Sarı Zeybek (43-Aegean, Aydın) – Siyah (252-Marmara, İstanbul) | – |
| 9 | Kara İlek (47-Aegean, Aydın) – Kavun İlek (52-Aegean, Aydın) | – |
| 10 | Lop Yemiş (132-Aegean, İzmir) – Kadota (134-Aegean, Manisa) – Kadota (168-Central Anatolia, Eskişehir) | – |
| 11 | Darpak (158-Central Anatolia, Eskişehir) – Löp İncir (236-Marmara, Balıkesir) | – |
| 12 | Beyaz Güz (6-Aegean, Aydın) – Ak Güz (7-Aegean, Aydın) | – |
| 13 | Siyah Güz (9-Aegean, Aydın) – Datça (145-Aegean, Manisa) | – |
| 14 | Yediveren (222-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Unnamed (263-Marmara, İstanbul) | – |
| 15 | Unnamed (259-Marmara, İstanbul) | Unnamed (260-Marmara, İstanbul) |
| 16 | Mor Güz (5-Aegean, Aydın) – Bektaşi (40-Aegean, Aydın) – Mor Güz (95-Aegean, İzmir) – Mor İncir (107-Aegean, İzmir) | – |
| 17 | Lop (29-Aegean, Aydın) – Sarıca (111-Aegean, İzmir) – Unnamed (133-Aegean, Manisa) – Esmer Bal (137-Aegean, Manisa) | – |
| 18 | Gökçe (116-Aegean, İzmir) – Kızgıt (117-Aegean, İzmir) | – |
| 19 | Boğmalı (102-Aegean, İzmir) – Langav (103-Aegean, İzmir) | – |
| 20 | Şeker (153-Aegean, Manisa) – Beyaz İncir (154-Aegean, Manisa) | – |
| 21 | Siyah İncir (17-Aegean, Aydın) – Fahli (180-Mediterranean, Adana) | – |
| 22 | – | Mor Armudi (172-Mediterranean, Adana) – Kırmızı İncir (174-Mediterranean, Adana) – Kırmızı İncir (187-Mediterranean, Adana) |
| 23 | – | Kara Yaprak (19-Aegean, Aydın) – Patlıcan (42-Aegean, Aydın) |
| 24 | – | Beyaz (203-Mediterranean, İçel) – Unnamed (205-Mediterranean, Osmaniye) – Kara Yemiş (240-Marmara, Çanakkale) – Kış Hayrı (303-Southeast Anatolia) |
| 25 | – | Asıl Bardak (27-Aegean, Aydın) – Gök İncir (197-Mediterranean, Adana) |
| 26 | – | Beyaz İncir (188-Mediterranean, Adana) – Mor İncir (200-Mediterranean, İçel) |
| 27 | – | Meyem İncir (176-Mediterranean, Adana) – Fetike İnciri (192-Mediterranean, Adana) |
| 28 | – | Kışlık İncir (190-Mediterranean, Adana) – Kandamik (196-Mediterranean, Adana) |
| 29 | – | Lop (229-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Unnamed (306-Southeast Anatolia) |
| 30 | – | İpek İnciri (270-Black Sea, Giresun) – Sarı İncir (273-Black Sea, Giresun) |
| 31 | Siyah (242-Marmara, Çanakkale) | Beyaz İncir (239-Marmara, Çanakkale)-Siyah İncir (295-Black Sea, Zonguldak) |
| 32 | Ekşi İncir (160-Central Anatolia, Eskişehir) – Dereköy (253-Marmara, İstanbul) – Sarı Kilis (266-Black Sea, Artvin) – Kilis İnciri (267-Black Sea, Artvin) | – |
| 33 | – | Siyah İncir (149-Aegean, Manisa) – Unnamed (210-Mediterranean, Antalya) |
| 34 | Yediveren (115-Aegean, İzmir) – Karabakunya (119-Aegean, İzmir) | Kış İnciri (15-Aegean, Aydın) |
| 35 | – | Haziran İnciri (199-Mediterranean, İçel) – Beyaz Sultani (269-Black Sea, Bartın) |
| 36 | – | Lop İnciri (185-Mediterranean, Adana) – Kilis İnciri (194-Mediterranean, Adana) |
[i] SSR, simple sequence repeat.
Table S6
RPP grouping of identical identified based on SSR analysis.
| No | Identical-accession name (accession no-geographical region, provinces) | |
|---|---|---|
| RPP1 | RPP2 | |
| 1 | Yanako 1 (60-Aegean, Aydın) – Yanako 2 (61-Aegean, Aydın) | – |
| 2 | Siyah (215-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Siyah İncir (216-Marmara, Balıkesir) | – |
| 3 | – | Tarak (183-Mediterranean, Adana) – Tarak İnciri (191-Mediterranean, Adana) |
| 4 | Morgüz (5-Aegean, Aydın) – Morgüz (95-Aegean, İzmir) | – |
| 5 | – | Kırmızı İncir (174-Mediterranean, Adana) – Kırmızı İncir (187-Mediterranean, Adana) |
| 6 | – | Siyah (242-Marmara Çanakkale) – Siyah İncir (295-Black Sea, Zonguldak) |
| 7 | Kadota (134-Aegean, Manisa) – Kadota (168-Central Anatolia, Eskişehir) | – |
[i] SSR, simple sequence repeat.
Table S7
Accessions and individuals assigned to different accession at T = 2 threshold value based on MLLs analyses.
| Matched number | Accession name (accession no-geographical region, province) | Matches at T = 2 (accession no-geographical region, province) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ak Güz (7-Aegean-Aydın) | Beyaz Güz (6-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 2 | Karabakunya (20-Aegean-Aydın), Yediveren (115-Aegean-İzmir), Karabakunya (119-Aegean), | Kış İnciri (15 Aegean-Aydın) |
| 3 | Löp (28 Aegean-Aydın), Yediveren (30-Aegean-Aydın), Alaca (33-Aegean-Aydın), Devetabanı (34-Aegean-Aydın), Istanbul (223-Marmara-Balıkesir), Çiçek İncir (244-Marmara-Bursa) | Göklop (1-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 4 | Sakız (35-Aegean-Aydın) | Göklop (1-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 5 | Bektaşi (40-Aegean-Aydın), Morgüz (95-Aegean-İzmir) | Mor Güz (5-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 6 | Patlıcan (42-Aegean-Aydın) | Karayaprak (19-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 7 | Unnamed (45-Aegean-Aydın), Unnamed (46-Aegean-Aydın) | Bektaşi (41-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 8 | Kavun İlek (52-Aegean-Aydın) | Kara İlek (47-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 9 | Yanako 2 (61-Aegean-Aydın) | Yanako 1 (60-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 10 | Ak sarılop (99-Aegean-İzmir), Unnamed (138-Aegean-Manisa) | Bağcılar (41-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 11 | Boğmalı (102-Aegean,İzmir), Langav (103-Aegean,İzmir) | Siyilli (37-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 12 | Mor İncir (107-Aegean-İzmir) | Mor Güz (5-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 13 | Sarıca (111-Aegean-İzmir), Unnamed (133-Aegean-Manisa), Esmer Bal (137-Aegean-Manisa) | Lop (29-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 14 | Kızgıt (117-Aegean-İzmir) | Gökçe (116-Aegean-İzmir) |
| 15 | Beyaz Karabakunya (120-Aegean-İzmir) | Beyaz Orak (22-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 16 | Dibala (127-Aegean-İzmir) | Beyaz Orak (22-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 17 | İzmir Bardacık 2 (129-Aegean-İzmir) | Unnamed (126-Aegean-İzmir) |
| 18 | Kadota (134-Aegean-Manisa) | Lop Yemiş (132-Aegean-İzmir) |
| 19 | Unnamed (142-Aegean-Manisa) | Mor 4 (13-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 20 | Datça 1 (145-Aegean-Manisa) | Siyah Güz (9-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 21 | Beyaz İncir (154-Aegean-Manisa) | Şeker (153-Aegean-Manisa) |
| 22 | Şeker (153-Aegean, Manisa) | Kadota (134-Aegean-Manisa) |
| 23 | Kırmızı İncir (174-Mediterranean-Adana), Kırmızı İncir (187-Mediterranean-Adana) | Mor Armudi (172-Mediterranean-Adana) |
| 24 | Fahli (180-Mediterranean-Adana) | Siyah İncir (17-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 25 | Tarak inciri (191-Mediterranean-Adana) | Tarak (15-Mediterranean-Adana) |
| 26 | Fetike İnciri (192-Mediterranean-Adana) | Meyem İnciri (176-Mediterranean-Adana) |
| 27 | Kilis İnciri (194-Mediterranean-Adana) | Lop İnciri (185-Mediterranean-Adana) |
| 28 | Kandamik (196-Mediterranean-Adana) | Kışlık İncir (190-Mediterranean-Adana) |
| 29 | Gök İncir (197-Mediterranean-İçel) | Asıl Bardak (27-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 30 | Mor İncir (200-Mediterranean-İçel) | Kilis inciri (194-Mediterranean-Adana) |
| 31 | Unnamed (205-Mediterranean-Osmaniye) | Beyaz (203-Mediterranean-İçel) |
| 32 | Unnamed (210-Mediterranean-Antalya) | Siyah incir (149-Aegean-Manisa) |
| 33 | Sarı Kilis (266-Black Sea-Artvin), Kilis İnciri (267-Black Sea-Artvin), Dereköy (253-Marmara-İstanbul) | Asıl Bardak (27-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 34 | Beyaz Sultani (269-Black Sea-Bartın) | Dumanı Kara (218-Marmara-Balıkesir) |
| 35 | Sarı İncir (273-Black Sea-Giresun) | İpek İnciri (270-Black Sea-Giresun) |
| 36 | Siyah (242-Marmara Çanakkale) | Siyah İncir (295-Black Sea, Zonguldak) |
| 37 | İpek İnciri (270-Black Sea, Giresun) | Sarı İncir (273-Black Sea, Giresun) |
| 38 | Yemişi Lop (221-Marmara, Balıkesir) | Balduzdın (275-Black Sea, Kastamonu) |
| 39 | Balduzdın (275-Black Sea-Kastamonu), Könüs İnciri (278-Black Sea-Ordu) | Ada (156-Aegean-Manisa) |
| 40 | Siyah İncir (295-Black Sea-Zonguldak) | Beyaz İncir (239-Marmara-Çanakkale) |
| 41 | Siyah (215-Marmara-Balıkesir), Siyah İncir (216-Marmara-Balıkesir) | Hamri (182-Mediterranean-Adana) |
| 42 | Yemişi Lop (11-Aegean-Aydın) | Ada (156-Aegean-Manisa) |
| 43 | Kara Yemiş (240-Marmara-Çanakkale) | Dumanı Kara (218-Marmara-Balıkesir) |
| 44 | Löp İnciri (236-Marmara-Bursa) | Siyah Orak (21-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 45 | Yediveren (249-Marmara-İstanbul) | Dumanı Kara (218-Marmara-Balıkesir) |
| 46 | Siyah (252-Marmara-İstanbul) | Sarı Zeybek (43-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 47 | İpek İnciri (255-Marmara-İstanbul) | Siyah Orak (21-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 48 | Unnamed (260-Marmara-İstanbul) | Unnamed (259-Marmara-İstanbul) |
| 49 | Unnamed (261-Marmara-İstanbul) | Beyaz Karabakunya (120-Aegean-İzmir) |
| 50 | Unnamed (263-Marmara-İstanbul) | Yediveren (222-Marmara-Balıkesir) |
| 51 | Kalazi (301-Southeast Anatolia) | Mor Özer (297-Southeast Anatolia) |
| 52 | Kış Hayrı (303-Southeast Anatolia) | Unnamed (205-Mediterranean-Osmaniye) |
| 53 | Unnamed (306-Southeast Anatolia) | Sarı Bardak (227-Marmara-Bursa) |
| 54 | Unnamed (309-Southeast Anatolia) | Siyah Orak (21-Aegean-Aydın) |
[i] MLLs, multilocus lineages.