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Genetic characterisation and population structure analysis of Anatolian figs (Ficus carica L.) by SSR markers Cover

Genetic characterisation and population structure analysis of Anatolian figs (Ficus carica L.) by SSR markers

Folia Horticulturae
Volume 33 (2021): Issue 1 (June 2021)
By: Ali Ergül,  Burcu Pelin Büyük,  Nahid Hazrati,  Funda Yılmaz,  Kemal Kazan,  Nur Arslan,  Canan Yüksel Özmen,  Semra Soydam Aydın,  Melike Bakır,  Nilgün Tan,  İlknur Kösoğlu and  Ferit Çobanoğlu  
Open Access
|Mar 2021

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Eco-geographical sites of Anatolian fig accessions used in this study. The number of fig accessions collected from each different eco-geographical province is given in brackets.
Eco-geographical sites of Anatolian fig accessions used in this study. The number of fig accessions collected from each different eco-geographical province is given in brackets.

Figure 2

FCA of six fig populations. Different colours indicate different geographical regions where different fig accessions are originated from. The first axis of the FCA accounts for 38.76% of the variation within the data whereas the second axis accounts for an additional 28.63%. Both axes together account for 67.39% of the variability in the dataset. FCA, factorial correspondence analysis.
FCA of six fig populations. Different colours indicate different geographical regions where different fig accessions are originated from. The first axis of the FCA accounts for 38.76% of the variation within the data whereas the second axis accounts for an additional 28.63%. Both axes together account for 67.39% of the variability in the dataset. FCA, factorial correspondence analysis.

Figure 3

A: Illustration of two RPPs (RPP1 and RPP2) (K = 2, ql = 100–0%) B: Distribution of fig accessions by RPPs; accession no (population no: (1): Aegean, (2): Central Anatolia, (3): Mediterranean, (4): Marmara, (5): Black Sea, (6): Southeast Anatolia). See Supplementary Table 1 for corresponding accession numbers. RPPs, reconstructed panmictic populations.
A: Illustration of two RPPs (RPP1 and RPP2) (K = 2, ql = 100–0%) B: Distribution of fig accessions by RPPs; accession no (population no: (1): Aegean, (2): Central Anatolia, (3): Mediterranean, (4): Marmara, (5): Black Sea, (6): Southeast Anatolia). See Supplementary Table 1 for corresponding accession numbers. RPPs, reconstructed panmictic populations.

Figure S1

The UPGMA tree showing genetic relationships of six fig populations from Anatolia based on Nei's (1972) genetic distance.
The UPGMA tree showing genetic relationships of six fig populations from Anatolia based on Nei's (1972) genetic distance.

Figure S2

Bayesian analysis of population structure of fig accessions. The structure where fig populations are shown in their heterogeneous, homogeneous or admixtured state is constructed based on their allele frequencies, using the BAPS software. In this figure, vertical bars correspond to individual genotypes. Black vertical lines are used to separate different populations.
Bayesian analysis of population structure of fig accessions. The structure where fig populations are shown in their heterogeneous, homogeneous or admixtured state is constructed based on their allele frequencies, using the BAPS software. In this figure, vertical bars correspond to individual genotypes. Black vertical lines are used to separate different populations.

Figure S3

A: The best K value (2) is shown in the graph, B: Population structure of fig populations based on K = 1–8. The best K value was calculated according to Evanno et al. (2005) and was K = 2.
A: The best K value (2) is shown in the graph, B: Population structure of fig populations based on K = 1–8. The best K value was calculated according to Evanno et al. (2005) and was K = 2.

RPP grouping of identical identified based on SSR analysis_

NoIdentical-accession name (accession no-geographical region, provinces)
RPP1RPP2
1Yanako 1 (60-Aegean, Aydın) – Yanako 2 (61-Aegean, Aydın)–
2Siyah (215-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Siyah İncir (216-Marmara, Balıkesir)–
3–Tarak (183-Mediterranean, Adana) – Tarak İnciri (191-Mediterranean, Adana)
4Morgüz (5-Aegean, Aydın) – Morgüz (95-Aegean, İzmir)–
5–Kırmızı İncir (174-Mediterranean, Adana) – Kırmızı İncir (187-Mediterranean, Adana)
6–Siyah (242-Marmara Çanakkale) – Siyah İncir (295-Black Sea, Zonguldak)
7Kadota (134-Aegean, Manisa) – Kadota (168-Central Anatolia, Eskişehir)–

Accessions and individuals assigned to different accession at T = 2 threshold value based on MLLs analyses_

Matched numberAccession name (accession no-geographical region, province)Matches at T = 2(accession no-geographical region, province)
1Ak Güz (7-Aegean-Aydın)Beyaz Güz (6-Aegean-Aydın)
2Karabakunya (20-Aegean-Aydın), Yediveren (115-Aegean-İzmir), Karabakunya (119-Aegean),Kış İnciri (15 Aegean-Aydın)
3Löp (28 Aegean-Aydın), Yediveren (30-Aegean-Aydın), Alaca (33-Aegean-Aydın), Devetabanı (34-Aegean-Aydın), Istanbul (223-Marmara-Balıkesir), Çiçek İncir (244-Marmara-Bursa)Göklop (1-Aegean-Aydın)
4Sakız (35-Aegean-Aydın)Göklop (1-Aegean-Aydın)
5Bektaşi (40-Aegean-Aydın), Morgüz (95-Aegean-İzmir)Mor Güz (5-Aegean-Aydın)
6Patlıcan (42-Aegean-Aydın)Karayaprak (19-Aegean-Aydın)
7Unnamed (45-Aegean-Aydın), Unnamed (46-Aegean-Aydın)Bektaşi (41-Aegean-Aydın)
8Kavun İlek (52-Aegean-Aydın)Kara İlek (47-Aegean-Aydın)
9Yanako 2 (61-Aegean-Aydın)Yanako 1 (60-Aegean-Aydın)
10Ak sarılop (99-Aegean-İzmir), Unnamed (138-Aegean-Manisa)Bağcılar (41-Aegean-Aydın)
11Boğmalı (102-Aegean,İzmir), Langav (103-Aegean,İzmir)Siyilli (37-Aegean-Aydın)
12Mor İncir (107-Aegean-İzmir)Mor Güz (5-Aegean-Aydın)
13Sarıca (111-Aegean-İzmir), Unnamed (133-Aegean-Manisa), Esmer Bal (137-Aegean-Manisa)Lop (29-Aegean-Aydın)
14Kızgıt (117-Aegean-İzmir)Gökçe (116-Aegean-İzmir)
15Beyaz Karabakunya (120-Aegean-İzmir)Beyaz Orak (22-Aegean-Aydın)
16Dibala (127-Aegean-İzmir)Beyaz Orak (22-Aegean-Aydın)
17İzmir Bardacık 2 (129-Aegean-İzmir)Unnamed (126-Aegean-İzmir)
18Kadota (134-Aegean-Manisa)Lop Yemiş (132-Aegean-İzmir)
19Unnamed (142-Aegean-Manisa)Mor 4 (13-Aegean-Aydın)
20Datça 1 (145-Aegean-Manisa)Siyah Güz (9-Aegean-Aydın)
21Beyaz İncir (154-Aegean-Manisa)Şeker (153-Aegean-Manisa)
22Şeker (153-Aegean, Manisa)Kadota (134-Aegean-Manisa)
23Kırmızı İncir (174-Mediterranean-Adana), Kırmızı İncir (187-Mediterranean-Adana)Mor Armudi (172-Mediterranean-Adana)
24Fahli (180-Mediterranean-Adana)Siyah İncir (17-Aegean-Aydın)
25Tarak inciri (191-Mediterranean-Adana)Tarak (15-Mediterranean-Adana)
26Fetike İnciri (192-Mediterranean-Adana)Meyem İnciri (176-Mediterranean-Adana)
27Kilis İnciri (194-Mediterranean-Adana)Lop İnciri (185-Mediterranean-Adana)
28Kandamik (196-Mediterranean-Adana)Kışlık İncir (190-Mediterranean-Adana)
29Gök İncir (197-Mediterranean-İçel)Asıl Bardak (27-Aegean-Aydın)
30Mor İncir (200-Mediterranean-İçel)Kilis inciri (194-Mediterranean-Adana)
31Unnamed (205-Mediterranean-Osmaniye)Beyaz (203-Mediterranean-İçel)
32Unnamed (210-Mediterranean-Antalya)Siyah incir (149-Aegean-Manisa)
33Sarı Kilis (266-Black Sea-Artvin), Kilis İnciri (267-Black Sea-Artvin), Dereköy (253-Marmara-İstanbul)Asıl Bardak (27-Aegean-Aydın)
34Beyaz Sultani (269-Black Sea-Bartın)Dumanı Kara (218-Marmara-Balıkesir)
35Sarı İncir (273-Black Sea-Giresun)İpek İnciri (270-Black Sea-Giresun)
36Siyah (242-Marmara Çanakkale)Siyah İncir (295-Black Sea, Zonguldak)
37İpek İnciri (270-Black Sea, Giresun)Sarı İncir (273-Black Sea, Giresun)
38Yemişi Lop (221-Marmara, Balıkesir)Balduzdın (275-Black Sea, Kastamonu)
39Balduzdın (275-Black Sea-Kastamonu), Könüs İnciri (278-Black Sea-Ordu)Ada (156-Aegean-Manisa)
40Siyah İncir (295-Black Sea-Zonguldak)Beyaz İncir (239-Marmara-Çanakkale)
41Siyah (215-Marmara-Balıkesir), Siyah İncir (216-Marmara-Balıkesir)Hamri (182-Mediterranean-Adana)
42Yemişi Lop (11-Aegean-Aydın)Ada (156-Aegean-Manisa)
43Kara Yemiş (240-Marmara-Çanakkale)Dumanı Kara (218-Marmara-Balıkesir)
44Löp İnciri (236-Marmara-Bursa)Siyah Orak (21-Aegean-Aydın)
45Yediveren (249-Marmara-İstanbul)Dumanı Kara (218-Marmara-Balıkesir)
46Siyah (252-Marmara-İstanbul)Sarı Zeybek (43-Aegean-Aydın)
47İpek İnciri (255-Marmara-İstanbul)Siyah Orak (21-Aegean-Aydın)
48Unnamed (260-Marmara-İstanbul)Unnamed (259-Marmara-İstanbul)
49Unnamed (261-Marmara-İstanbul)Beyaz Karabakunya (120-Aegean-İzmir)
50Unnamed (263-Marmara-İstanbul)Yediveren (222-Marmara-Balıkesir)
51Kalazi (301-Southeast Anatolia)Mor Özer (297-Southeast Anatolia)
52Kış Hayrı (303-Southeast Anatolia)Unnamed (205-Mediterranean-Osmaniye)
53Unnamed (306-Southeast Anatolia)Sarı Bardak (227-Marmara-Bursa)
54Unnamed (309-Southeast Anatolia)Siyah Orak (21-Aegean-Aydın)

RPP grouping of synonymous identified based on SSR analysis_

NoSynonymous-accession name (accession no-geographical region, provinces)
RPP1RPP2
1Gök Lop (1-Aegean, Aydın) – Löp (28-Aegean, Aydın) – Yediveren (30-Aegean, Aydın) – Alaca (33-Aegean, Aydın) – İstanbul (223-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Çiçek İncir (244-Marmara, Çanakkale)–
2Mor (98-Aegean, İzmir) – Dibala (127-Aegean, İzmir)–
3Ada (156-Aegean, Manisa) – Yemişi Lop (221-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Balduzdın (275-Black Sea, Kastamonu) – Könüş İnciri (278-Southeast Anatolia)–
4Bağcılar (41-Aegean, Aydın) – Unnamed (45-Aegean, Aydın) – Sarı Lop (46-Aegean, Aydın)–
5Sarılop Kim (92-Aegean, İzmir) – Ak Sarılop (99-Aegean, İzmir) – Unnamed (138-Aegean, Manisa)–
6Unnamed (126-Aegean, İzmir) – İzmir Bardacık 2 (129-Aegean, İzmir)–
7Mor 4 (13-Aegean, Aydın) – Unnamed (142-Aegean, Manisa)–
8Sarı Zeybek (43-Aegean, Aydın) – Siyah (252-Marmara, İstanbul)–
9Kara İlek (47-Aegean, Aydın) – Kavun İlek (52-Aegean, Aydın)–
10Lop Yemiş (132-Aegean, İzmir) – Kadota (134-Aegean, Manisa) – Kadota (168-Central Anatolia, Eskişehir)–
11Darpak (158-Central Anatolia, Eskişehir) – Löp İncir (236-Marmara, Balıkesir)–
12Beyaz Güz (6-Aegean, Aydın) – Ak Güz (7-Aegean, Aydın)–
13Siyah Güz (9-Aegean, Aydın) – Datça (145-Aegean, Manisa)–
14Yediveren (222-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Unnamed (263-Marmara, İstanbul)–
15Unnamed (259-Marmara, İstanbul)Unnamed (260-Marmara, İstanbul)
16Mor Güz (5-Aegean, Aydın) – Bektaşi (40-Aegean, Aydın) – Mor Güz (95-Aegean, İzmir) – Mor İncir (107-Aegean, İzmir)–
17Lop (29-Aegean, Aydın) – Sarıca (111-Aegean, İzmir) – Unnamed (133-Aegean, Manisa) – Esmer Bal (137-Aegean, Manisa)–
18Gökçe (116-Aegean, İzmir) – Kızgıt (117-Aegean, İzmir)–
19Boğmalı (102-Aegean, İzmir) – Langav (103-Aegean, İzmir)–
20Şeker (153-Aegean, Manisa) – Beyaz İncir (154-Aegean, Manisa)–
21Siyah İncir (17-Aegean, Aydın) – Fahli (180-Mediterranean, Adana)–
22–Mor Armudi (172-Mediterranean, Adana) – Kırmızı İncir (174-Mediterranean, Adana) – Kırmızı İncir (187-Mediterranean, Adana)
23–Kara Yaprak (19-Aegean, Aydın) – Patlıcan (42-Aegean, Aydın)
24–Beyaz (203-Mediterranean, İçel) – Unnamed (205-Mediterranean, Osmaniye) – Kara Yemiş (240-Marmara, Çanakkale) – Kış Hayrı (303-Southeast Anatolia)
25–Asıl Bardak (27-Aegean, Aydın) – Gök İncir (197-Mediterranean, Adana)
26–Beyaz İncir (188-Mediterranean, Adana) – Mor İncir (200-Mediterranean, İçel)
27–Meyem İncir (176-Mediterranean, Adana) – Fetike İnciri (192-Mediterranean, Adana)
28–Kışlık İncir (190-Mediterranean, Adana) – Kandamik (196-Mediterranean, Adana)
29–Lop (229-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Unnamed (306-Southeast Anatolia)
30–İpek İnciri (270-Black Sea, Giresun) – Sarı İncir (273-Black Sea, Giresun)
31Siyah (242-Marmara, Çanakkale)Beyaz İncir (239-Marmara, Çanakkale)-Siyah İncir (295-Black Sea, Zonguldak)
32Ekşi İncir (160-Central Anatolia, Eskişehir) – Dereköy (253-Marmara, İstanbul) – Sarı Kilis (266-Black Sea, Artvin) – Kilis İnciri (267-Black Sea, Artvin)–
33–Siyah İncir (149-Aegean, Manisa) – Unnamed (210-Mediterranean, Antalya)
34Yediveren (115-Aegean, İzmir) – Karabakunya (119-Aegean, İzmir)Kış İnciri (15-Aegean, Aydın)
35–Haziran İnciri (199-Mediterranean, İçel) – Beyaz Sultani (269-Black Sea, Bartın)
36–Lop İnciri (185-Mediterranean, Adana) – Kilis İnciri (194-Mediterranean, Adana)

Genetic parameters of Anatolian fig accessions examined in this study_

Locus noLocus nameNHeHoPI
L1MFC160.5920.8450.362
L2MFC290.7060.6800.198
L3MFC380.5540.4090.373
L4MFC860.3390.3190.505
L5FCUP008-2110.7630.7610.161
L6FCUP027-490.7780.7320.135
L7FCUP038-6150.8050.6960.093
L8FCUP066-780.7010.7540.240
L9FCUP068-1110.7260.7480.189
L10FCUP070-2110.8310.7640.094
L11LMFC2320.4130.3830.600
L12LMFC2550.5210.5320.424
L13LMFC3090.8330.8190.093
L14FM4-7060.7360.6580.212
Mean7.750.6520.685–

SSR loci information (locus no, locus name, primer sequence, repeat motif, expected range (bp), amplification temperatures and GenBank accession number)_

Locus noLocus namePrimer sequence (5′ to 3′)Repeat motifExpected range (bp)Amplification temperatures (Tm)GenBank accession numbers
L1MFC1f: ctagactgaaaaaacattgc, r:tgagattgaaaggaaacgag(ct)13174–19255AF333703
L2MFC2f: gcttccgatgctgctctta, r:tcggagacttttgttcaat(ac)18(at)7158–17255AF333697
L3MFC3f:gatattttcatgtttagtttg, r:gaggatagaccaacaacaac(ac)15(tc)(ac)8(at)7122–13655AF333698
L4MFC8f:gtggcgtcgtctctaataat, r:tattctatgctgtcttatgtca(ca)9ta(ca)14(ta)6170–17457AF333703
L5FCUP008-2f: catacactttcatggagcacaaa, r: cccagatgtttggtgaagg(tg)22158–18453EF198054
L6FCUP027-4f: aaccttttagtatgcctttggaa, r: tccaccatcaaatccttctg(ac)19202–22055EF198058
L7FCUP038-6f:caatgtatcatttcatctcacgaa, r: agttcccatgtttggttactga(tg)23t(ag)11170–19358EF198059
L8FCUP066-7f: ccctctcgaagaagaagca, r: ctacaggaaatgggcctcaa(ca)14162–18258EF198065
L9FCUP068-1f:ggaattaccgtccatggcta, r: cgccactctctctctccact(ag)14(gagagag)4178–20658EF198066
L10FCUP070-2f:ttcaacttcaaccttcaccaa, r:tttgtctaaggaggcttattgtca(ag)15183–19558EF198068
L11LMFC23f: tttcgtgtctaacgatcaaaaa, r: ctcccatctccaactccatc(ag)2013253AY545936
L12LMFC25f: gattctgattaaagggtattt, r: gctttccaaatctaaagtaac(tc)1121655AY545938
L13LMFC30f: ttgtccgtttcttatacaat, r: tctttttaggcagatgttag(ct)18(ca)625358AY545942
L14FM4-70f:cagatgaggttgacgatgttattg, r: taaaccctcttcaaattcactctc(gaa)20−1202–23255AJ854076

Multilocus genotypes (MLG), number of different alleles (Na), effective alleles (Ne), observed heterozygosity (Ho), unbiased expected heterozygosity (uHe) and PAS values found in different fig populations studied_

PopulationMLGNaNeHouHePAS (Locus no: alleles (bp))
Aegean386.853.070.620.62L3:137, L6:246, L8:142, L10:155–159–179, L11:176
Central Anatolia34.783.030.620.65L4:156, L12:124
Mediterranean196.353.600.660.66L3:141, L6:160, L7:190, L9:153, L15:196
Marmara156.353.670.680.66L6:148–168, L7:158, L8:186, L14:249
Black Sea155.423.350.680.64L2:160, L8:144
Southeast Anatolia65.503.400.680.66L2:186, L11:152
Total9635.2520.123.943.89–

Reconstructed panmictic population (RPP) grouping of homonymous identified based on SSR analysis_

NoHomonymous-accession name (accession no-geographical region, provinces)
RPP1RPP2
1Kızılay 2 (59-Aegean, Aydın)Kızılay 1 (58-Aegean, Aydın)
2Şeytan 2 (65-Aegean, Aydın)Şeytan 1 (64-Aegean, Aydın)
3Çakın 1 (66-Aegean, Aydın) – Çakın 2 (67-Aegean, Aydın)–
4Datça1 (145-Aegean, Manisa) – Datça 3 (147-Aegean, Manisa) – Datça 4 (148-Aegean, Manisa) – Datça 5 (157-Aegean, Manisa)Datça 2 (146-Aegean, Manisa)
5Ak Erkek 1 (86-Aegean, İzmir) – Ak Erkek 2 (87-Aegean, İzmir)–
6Morgüz (95-Aegean, İzmir) – Morgüz (5-Aegean, Aydın)Morgüz (94-Aegean, Aydın)
7Siyah (105-Aegean, İzmir) – Siyah (106-Aegean, İzmir) – Siyah (214-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Siyah (252-Marmara, İstanbul) – Siyah İncir (17-Aegean, Aydın) – Siyah İncir (241-Marmara, Çanakkale)–Siyah (215-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Siyah İncir (216-Marmara, Balıkesir)Siyah (251-Marmara, İstanbul) – Siyah İncir (149-Aegean, Manisa) – Siyah İncir (162-Central Anatolia, Eskişehir) – Siyah İncir (189-Mediterranean, Adana) – Siyah İncir (235-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Siyah (242-Marmara, Çanakkale) – Siyah İncir (295-Black Sea, Zonguldak)
8Beyaz İncir (154-Aegean, Manisa) – Beyaz İncir (187-Mediterranean, Adana) – Beyaz İncir (238-Marmara, Çanakkale) – Beyaz İncir (263-Marmara, İstanbul)Beyaz (203-Mediterranean, İçel) – Beyaz İncir (150-Aegean, Manisa) – Beyaz İncir (161-Central Anatolia)
9Akça 1 (23-Aegean, Aydın) – Akça 2 (24-Aegean, Aydın) – Akça 3 (25-Aegean, Aydın)–
10Mor 1 (10-Aegean, Aydın) – Mor 2 (11-Aegean, Aydın) – Mor 3 (12-Aegean, Aydın) – Mor 4 (13-Aegean, Aydın) – Mor (97-Aegean, İzmir) – Mor (98-Aegean, İzmir) – Mor İncir (107-Aegean, İzmir) – Mor İncir (206-Mediterranean, Antalya) – Mor İncir (207-Mediterranean, Antalya) – Mor İncir (234-Marmara, Bursa)Mor İncir (171-Mediterranean, Adana) – Güzlük Mor İncir (198-Mediterranean, İçel) – Mor İncir (200-Mediterranean, İçel) – Mor İncir (208-Mediterranean, Antalya) – Mor İncir (212-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Mor İncir (213-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Mor İncir (287-Black Sea, Samsun)
11Midilli (122-Aegean, İzmir) – Midilli (217-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Midilli (245-Marmara, Çanakkale) – Yeşil Midilli 2 (124-Aegean, İzmir)Yeşil Midilli 1 (123-Aegean, İzmir)
12Yabani F (165-Central Anatolia-Eskişehir)Yabani F (164-Central Anatolia, Eskişehir) – Yabani (Mor) (163-Central Anatolia, Eskişehir)
13–Karabakunya (20-Aegean, Aydın) – Karabakunya (119-Aegean, İzmir) – Beyaz karabakunya (120-Aegean, İzmir)
14Bardakçı (2-Aegean, Aydın) – Kuşadası Bardakçı (3-Aegean, Aydın) – Morbardakçı (4-Aegean, Aydın) – Bardak (26-Aegean, Aydın) – Bardak (225-Marmara, Bursa) – Gök Bardak (228-Marmara, Bursa)Asıl Bardak (27-Aegean, Aydın) – Beyaz Bardak (226-Marmara, Bursa) – Sarı Bardak (227-Marmara, Bursa)
15Yediveren (30-Aegean, Aydın) – Yediveren (115-Aegean, İzmir) – Yediveren (222-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Yediveren (248-Marmara, İstanbul)Yediveren (237-Marmara, Çanakkale) – Kavak Yediveren (238-Marmara, Çanakkale) – Yediveren (249-Marmara, İstanbul) – Yediveren (250-Marmara, İstanbul)
16Şeker (153-Aegean, Manisa) – Şeker İnciri (14-Aegean, Aydın)Şeker İnciri (289-Black Sea, Samsun)
17Löp (28-Aegean, Aydın) – Lop (29-Aegean, Aydın) – Löp İnciri (236-Marmara, Bursa)Lop İnciri (185-Mediterranean, Adana) – Lop İnciri (186-Mediterranean, Adana) – Lop (229-Marmara, Bursa)
18Kaba İlek (Bozdoğan) (54-Aegean, Aydın) – Kaba İlek (Ömerbeyli) (55-Aegean, Aydın)–
19Büyük Konkur (62-Aegean, Aydın) – Küçük Konkur (63-Aegean, Aydın)–
20Frenk (75-Aegean, Aydın)Frenk İnciri (193-Mediterranean, Adana)
21–Kış İnciri (15-Aegean, Aydın) – Kış İnciri (177-Mediterranean, Adana) – Kışlık İncir (190-Mediterranean, Adana)
22–Halebi (298-Southeast Anatolia) – Halebi (299-Southeast Anatolia)

Number of genotypes (accessions) (gen)/clonality, effective number of genotypes (accessions) (eff), genotypic diversity (div), eveness (eve) and Shannon-Wiener (shw) values (for threshold = 2) determined in MLLs analysis_

PopulationNumber of genotypes (accessions) (gen)/ClonalityEffective number of genotypes (accessions) (eff)Genotypic diversity (div)Eveness (eve)Shannon-wiener (shw)
Aegean124/33870.9940.7022.035
Central Anatolia11/0111.0001.0001.041
Mediterranean33/9260.9860.8091.479
Marmara46/7410.9940.9111.644
Black Sea29/4260.9920.9151.445
Southeast Anatolia12/1110.9870.9381.067

Collection cites, accession no, accession name of fig cultivars used in the study_

Collection cites (Geographical region-Provinces-Fig plant sex)Accession noAccession codeAccession nameRPP grouping (red: RPP1) (green: RPP2)
Aegean-Aydın-Female11001Göklop
21002Bardakçı
31004Kuşadası Bardakçı
41111Mor Bardakçı
51006Mor Güz
61007Beyaz Güz
71106Ak Güz
81008Yeşil Güz
91039Siyah Güz
101009Mor 1
111020Mor 2
121021Mor 3
131022Mor 4
141005Şeker inciri
151011Kış İnciri
161023Kuş İnciri
171026Siyah İncir
181003Karahönü
191010Kara Yaprak
201019Karabakunya
211012Siyah Orak
221013Beyaz Orak
231014Akça 1
241015Akça 2
251016Akça 3
261017Bardak
271027Asıl Bardak
281036Löp
291037Lop
301018Yediveren
311025Şaranpol
321028Kaya
331031Alaca
341032Devetabanı
351034Sakız
361038Lebi; Uzun
371040Siyilli
381041Sarı Dizilik
391042Koca Ana
401043Bektaşi
411044Bağcılar
421104Patlıcan
431098Sarı Zeybek
441118Unnamed
451100Unnamed
461029Sarı Lop
Aegean-Aydın-Male4728Kara İlek
488Siyah İlek
4924Ak İlek
5036Mor İlek
5154Sarı İlek
5229Kavun İlek
5325Elma İlek
5453Kaba İlek(Bozdoğan)
551Kabaİlek(Ömerbeyli)
5661Körpe İlek
5716Hamza İlek
5810Kızılay 1
5932Kızılay-2
6057Yanako 1
6159Yanako 2
6234Büyük Konkur
6338Küçük Konkur
6418Şeytan 1
6519Şeytan 2
6621aÇakın 1
6721bÇakın 2
6860Adalı
6923Kıbrıslı
7013Gabalı
7115Abalı
7222Damarlı
7350Taşlık
7452Kızılburun
7556Frenk
7635Afyoncu
7737Karabulut
7817aMordemirtaş
7917bÇaçaron
8012Derviş Ali
8114Hacı Yusuf
824Bostancı
837Kuyucak
Aegean-İzmir-Male8439Hacı Abdullah
8540Kara Erkek
8641Ak Erkek 1
8743Ak Erkek 2
8842Çiçekli 2
8944Conkurt
9046Ayardolduran
9149Armut İlek
Aegean-İzmir-Female92TUR1081Sarılop kim
93TUR1082Akça kim
94TUR1047Morgüz
95TUR1045Morgüz
96TUR1035Sarı çiçek
97TUR1046Mor
98TUR1064Mor
99TUR1048Ak sarılop
100TUR1086Mor lop
101TUR1087Unnamed
102TUR1050Boğmalı
103TUR1051Langav
104TUR1053Aydın inciri
105TUR1054Siyah
106TUR1068Siyah
107TUR1055Mor incir
108TUR1056Bardak lopu
109TUR1057Unnamed
110TUR1059Unnamed
111TUR1060Sarıca
112TUR1061Bal inciri
113TUR1062Eyyam bahur
114TUR1065Arap inciri
115TUR1066Yediveren
116TUR1067Gökçe
117TUR1069Kızgıt
118TUR1070Kasaba
119TUR1071Karabakunya
120TUR1073Beyaz Karabakunya
121TUR1072Unnamed
122TUR1074Midilli
123TUR1058Yeşil midilli 1
124TUR1077Yeşil midilli 2
125TUR1075Unnamed
126TUR1076Unnamed
127TUR1078Dibala
128TUR1079Yörük inciri
129TUR1080İzmir Bardacık 2
130TUR1083Unnamed
131TUR1084Unnamed
132TUR1085Lop yemiş
Aegean-Manisa-Female133TUR1049Unnamed
134TUR1107Kadota
135TUR1088Siyah kış
136TUR1089Ufak yeşil
137TUR1090Esmer bal
138TUR1091Unnamed
139TUR1092Unnamed
140TUR1093Unnamed
141TUR1094Unnamed
142TUR1095Unnamed
143TUR1096Unnamed
144TUR1097Unnamed
145TUR1108Datça 1
146TUR1110Datça 2
147TUR1112Datça 3
148TUR1114Datça 4
149TUR1102Siyah incir
150TUR1103Beyaz incir
151TUR1119Unnamed
152TUR1099Unnamed
153TUR1109Şeker
154TUR1113Beyaz incir
155TUR1115Gökçe
156TUR1116Ada
157TUR1117Datça 5
Central Anatolia-Eskişehir-Female158TUR708Darpak
159TUR709Kızıl mor
160TUR710Ekşi incir
161TUR711Beyaz incir
162TUR712Siyah incir
163TUR701Yabani(Mor)
164TUR702Yabani f
165TUR704Yabani f
166TUR705K.formu
167TUR706Çilci
168TUR801Kadota
Mediterranean-Adana-Female169TUR 321Mor Seyhan
170TUR 322Beyaz Seyhan
171TUR 318Mor İncir
172TUR 311Mor Armudi
173TUR 312Kızıl Mor
174TUR 313Kırmızı İncir
175TUR 317Aşı İnciri
176TUR 314Meyem İnciri
177TUR 315Kış İnciri
178TUR 310Armut Sapı
179TUR 316Yayladağ
180TUR 323Fahli
181TUR 324Şetvi
182TUR 325Hamri
183TUR 326Tarak
184TUR 327Lebi
185TUR01I-01Lop İnciri
186TUR31-İ-08Lop İnciri
187TUR31-İ-04Kırmızı İncir
188TUR31-İ-02Beyaz İncir
189TUR31-İ-03Siyah İncir
190TUR31-İ-09Kışlık İncir
191TUR31-İ-06Tarak İnciri
192TUR31-İ-07Fetike İnciri
193TUR31-İ-11Frenk İnciri
194TUR31-İ-12Kilis İnciri
195TUR31-İ-10Gök İncir
196TUR31-İ-05Kandamik
Mediterranean-İçel (Mersin)-Female197TUR33-İ-01Gök İncir
198TUR 33-İ-02Güzlük Mor İncir
199TUR33-İ-03Haziran İnciri
200TUR33-İ-04Mor İncir
201TUR 306Bodrum İnciri
202TUR 307Kalın Kabuk
203TUR 308Beyaz
Mediterranean-Osmaniye-Female204TUR 319Osmaniyeli
205TUR 320Unnamed
Mediterranean-Antalya-Female206TUR 302Mor İncir
207TUR 305Mor İncir
208TUR 309Mor İncir
209TUR 301Sarı İncir
210TUR 303Unnamed
Marmara-Adapazarı-Female211TUR 249Kavak
Marmara-Balıkesir-Female212TUR 209Mor İncir
213TUR 210Mor İncir
214TUR 202Siyah
215TUR 255Siyah
216TUR 208Siyah İncir
217TUR 254Midilli
218TUR 220Dumanlı Kara
219TUR 205Sarı Dizilik
220TUR 206Boğmalı Dizilik
221TUR 207Yemişi Lop
222TUR 256Yediveren
223TUR 201Istanbul
Marmara-Bursa-Female224TUR 237Bursa Siyahı
225TUR 236Bardak
226TUR 238Beyaz Bardak
227TUR 242Sarı Bardak
228TUR 241Gök Bardak
229TUR 240Lop
230TUR 245Sarı Yemiş
231TUR 246Gelin Yanağı
232TUR 243Susak
233TUR 244Kavak
234TUR 247Mor İncir
235TUR 248Siyah İncir
236TUR 252Löp İnciri
Marmara-Çanakkale-Female237TUR 223Yediveren
238TUR 222Kavak Yediveren
239TUR 224Beyaz İncir
240TUR 213Kara Yemiş
241TUR 216Siyah İncir
242TUR 218Siyah
243TUR 225Kabak Yemişi
244TUR 212Çiçek İncir
245TUR 215Midilli
246TUR 214Unnamed
247TUR 219Unnamed
Marmara-İstanbul-Female248TUR 235Yediveren
249TUR 250Yediveren
250TUR 227Yediveren
251TUR 234Siyah
252TUR 230Siyah
253TUR 251Dereköy
254TUR 226Kasım İnciri
255TUR 228İpek İnciri
256TUR 231Tüylü İncir
257TUR 232Koca Yemiş
258TUR 253Sultan Selim
259TUR 233Unnamed
260TUR 229Unnamed
261TUR 211Unnamed
262TUR 203Unnamed
263TUR 204Unnamed
Black Sea-Artvin-Female264TUR 536Beyaz İncir
265TUR 542Siyah Bukele
266TUR 541Sarı Kilis
267TUR 540Kilis İnciri
Black Sea-Bartın-Female268TUR 505Kara Sultani
269TUR 506Beyaz Sultani
Black Sea-Giresun-Female270TUR 530İpek İnciri
271TUR 532Kepek İnciri
272TUR 531Değirmen İnciri
273TUR 534Sarı İncir
274TUR 533Ağarsak
Black Sea-Kastamonu-Female275TUR 507Balduzdın
276TUR 508Baldıran
Black Sea-Ordu-Female277TUR 528Kara İncir
278TUR 529Könüs İnciri
279TUR 523Dilaver
280TUR 524Ham İncir
281TUR 525Ak İncir 1
Black Sea-Sinop-Female282TUR 511Şalgam İnciri
283TUR 512Istanbul İnciri
284TUR 514Deniz İnciri
285TUR 515Tabak İnciri
286TUR 513Filestos
Black Sea-Samsun-Female287TUR 517Mor İncir
288TUR 522Turna Boyu
289TUR 519Şeker İnciri
Black Sea-Trabzon-Female290TUR 537Kara İncir
291TUR 538Kabak İnciri
292TUR 535Horasan
Black Sea-Zonguldak-Female293TUR 503Ak İncir
294TUR 501Sarı İncir
295TUR 504Siyah İncir
296TUR 502Istanbul İnciri
Southeast Anatolia297TUR 401Mor Özer
298TUR 402Halebi
299TUR 407Halebi
300TUR 403Sultani
301TUR 405Kalazi
302TUR 408Azezi
303TUR 404Kış Hayrı
304TUR 221Yeşil İncir
305TUR 217Unnamed
306TUR 239Unnamed
307TUR 304Unnamed
308TUR 07-I-0P5Kızıl Yemiş
309TUR 01-I-04Unnamed
Black Sea-Artvin-Female310TUR 539Beyaz Bukele

Expected and observed heterozygosities, polymorphic locus at both 95% and 99% probability levels and the mean number of alleles per locus in six Anatolian fig populations (sample size of each population)_

Populations (sample size of each population)HeterozygosityPolymorphic locusMean of alleles/loci
HexpHobsP(0.95)P(0.99)
Aegean (157)0.624 ± 0.1460.625 ± 0.1601.0001.0006.86
Central Anatolia (11)0.625 ± 0.1540.623 ± 0.2141.0001.0004.79
Mediterranean (42)0.658 ± 0.1760.668 ± 0.1921.0001.0006.36
Marmara (53)0.655 ± 0.1930.685 ± 0.2191.0001.0006.36
Black Sea (34)0.641 ± 0.1690.687 ± 0.2091.0001.0005.50
Southeast Anatolia (13)0.638 ± 0.1850.687 ± 0.2211.0001.0005.50

Genetic distance/genetic similarity (%) between fig populations based on Nei's (1972) genetic distance_

PopulationsAegeanCentral AnatoliaMediterraneanMarmaraBlack Sea
Aegean–
Central Anatolia0.107/89.3–
Mediterranean0.149/85.10.206/79.4–
Marmara0.055/94.50.065/93.50.126/87.4–
Black Sea0.175/82.50.144/85.60.177/82.30.099/90.1–
Southeast Anatolia0.181/81.90.232/76.80.106/89.40.149/85.10.164/83.6

Pairwise population differentiation (Fst) and gene flow (Nm) between Anatolian fig populations_

Populations (Fst/Nm)AegeanCentral AnatoliaMediterraneanMarmaraBlack Sea
Aegean–
Central Anatolia0.035***/6.92–
Mediterranean0.067***/3.500.067***/3.47–
Marmara0.024***/10.160.007ns/31.230.048***/4.92–
Black Sea0.078***/2.940.043***/5.400.068***/3.410.037***/6.40–
Southeast Anatolia0.71***/3.260.069***/3.390.028**/8.700.048***/4.900.054***/4.28
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2021-0005 | Journal eISSN: 2083-5965 | Journal ISSN: 0867-1761
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 49 - 78
Submitted on: Dec 13, 2020
Accepted on: Feb 13, 2021
Published on: Mar 26, 2021
Published by: Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year
Keywords:
Anatolia germplasm,
L.,
genetic structure analysis,
microsatellite
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Plant science,
Zoology,
Ecology,
Life sciences, other

© 2021 Ali Ergül, Burcu Pelin Büyük, Nahid Hazrati, Funda Yılmaz, Kemal Kazan, Nur Arslan, Canan Yüksel Özmen, Semra Soydam Aydın, Melike Bakır, Nilgün Tan, İlknur Kösoğlu, Ferit Çobanoğlu, published by Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

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