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Effects of the fruiting period and growing seasons on market quality in goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.)

Folia Horticulturae
Volume 32 (2020): Issue 2 (December 2020)
By:
Open Access
|Oct 2020

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Regressions of yield with physical characteristics (* significant at p ≤ 0.05, ns: non-significant).
Regressions of yield with physical characteristics (* significant at p ≤ 0.05, ns: non-significant).

Figure 2

Change of total phenol and monometric anthocyanin content according to years and harvest periods.
Change of total phenol and monometric anthocyanin content according to years and harvest periods.

Figure 3

Regression between titratable acidity and pH (A), ripening index values according to years and harvest periods (B).
Regression between titratable acidity and pH (A), ripening index values according to years and harvest periods (B).

Figure 4

Biplot with first two principal components for quality attributes in goji berry (red dots represent merged repetitions).
Biplot with first two principal components for quality attributes in goji berry (red dots represent merged repetitions).

Yield and psycho-chemical characteristics of the goji berry according to the factors

Fruit length (mm)Fruit width (mm)Berry weight (g)Yield (g · plant−1)
Year (Y)
201715.34 B9.21 A0.80 B598.00 A
201817.09 A9.86 B0.92 A402.25 B
Harvest period (Hp)
June18.03 A10.32 A1.02 A50.88 D
July16.50 B9.73 B0.88 B155.63 B
August16.16 B9.63 B0.85 B192.63 A
September14.18 C8.47 C0.68 C101.00 C
ANOVA (with F-values)
Y*** (157.48)*** (62.78)***(49.29)***(303.26)
Hp*** (129.45)***(89.04)***(69.54)***(488.85)
Y*Hpns**(5.05)ns***(11.28)
SSC (%)pHTA (%)Ripening ındex
Year (Y)
201720.32 A4.86 A0.48 B41.65 A
201819.52 B4.50 B0.60 A34.52 B
Harvest period (Hp)
June18.30 C4.34 C0.62 A29.89 C
July20.01 B4.76 B0.54 B37.82 B
August20.48 AB4.76 B0.52 B39.70 B
September20.88 A4.85 A0.47 C44.92 A
ANOVA
Y** (14.39)*** (364.26)*** (77.20)*** (80.20)
Hp*** (28.86)*** (147.28)*** (19.66)*** (61.17)
Y*Hp** (8.06)*** (11.82)nsns
Vitamin C (mg · 100 mL−1 fresh weight)Total phenol (mg · GAE−1 · L−1 fresh weight)TMA (mg cyanidin-3-glucoside · L−1 fresh weight)Antioxidant activity (μL · mL−1 fresh weight)
Year (Y)
201738.49 B296.54 B20.53 B162.18 B
201858.32 A382.19 A30.28 A233.91 A
Harvest period (Hp)
June57.94 A262.91 D11.69 D123.82 D
July53.68 A341.92 C17.87 C190.84 C
August46.35 B363.75 B29.51 B224.01 B
September35.67 C388.89 A42.54 A253.51 A
ANOVA
Y*** (186.37)*** (360.91)*** (156.83)*** (445.33)
Hp*** (45.05)*** (145.92)*** (305.21)*** (268.60)
Y*Hp*** (9.37)* (4.08)*** (18.33)*** (26.78)

Meteorological parameters of the experimental area in related years and months

Months – YearsPrecipitation (mm)Humidity (%)Temperature (°C)
201720181990–2019201720181990–2019201720181990–2019
January87.889.281.077.975.773.2−0.83.11.9
February3.630.867.668.575.770.23.06.32.9
March74.469.359.064.165.965.37.39.26.2
April25.66.352.459.651.061.010.614.210.8
May149.562.956.663.762.357.414.916.815.6
June30.969.434.258.962.451.220.120.020.2
July13.14.116.146.941.245.425.224.323.6
August20.414.214.152.147.646.424.323.823.2
September5.71.618.747.645.152.021.020.718.6
October46.530.638.361.863.462.113.013.813.0
November41.748.645.074.367.768.46.79.17.4
December31.2107.187.276.682.774.55.03.53.5

Correlation coefficients among the investigated characteristics

FLFWBWYieldSSCpHTARIVit CTPCTMA
FW0.96***
BW0.97***0.94***
Yield−0.43*−0.25 ns−0.40*
SSC−0.37*−0.40*−0.46**0.30 ns
pH−0.83***−0.72***−0.79***0.72***0.39*
TA0.86***0.78***0.80***−0.54**−0.19ns−0.86***
RI−0.89***−0.82***−0.87***0.56**0.46**0.91***−0.94***
Vit C0.85***0.80***0.81***−0.41*−0.23 ns−0.81***0.88***−0.85***
TPC−0.20 ns−0.24 ns−0.30 ns0.13 ns0.74***0.08 ns0.06 ns0.19 ns0.09ns
TMA−0.51**−0.57**−0.60***0.04 ns0.76***0.26 ns−0.23 ns0.45**−0.30 ns0.83***
AOA−0.30 ns−0.36*−0.42*0.13 ns0.80***0.15 ns−0.04 ns0.28 ns−0.05 ns0.95***0.92***

Eigenvalues and total variability proportion of first three principal component (PC) axes for investigated characteristics components

PC1PC2PC3
Fruit length0.948−0.173−0.181
Fruit width0.906−0.072−0.346
Berry weight0.951−0.046−0.186
Yield−0.5360.206−0.778
SSC−0.585−0.646−0.226
pH−0.8740.321−0.271
TA0.852−0.4500.011
Ripening index−0.9450.202−0.059
Vitamin C0.832−0.411−0.146
Total phenol−0.379−0.883−0.120
Total anthocyanin−0.641−0.7090.207
Antioxidant activity−0.484−0.858−0.040
Expl. Var7.1163.0321.020
Prp. Total0.5930.2530.085
Cumulative %59.30284.5660.931
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2020-0021 | Journal eISSN: 2083-5965 | Journal ISSN: 0867-1761
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Language: English
Page range: 229 - 239
Submitted on: Jul 18, 2020
Accepted on: Sep 4, 2020
Published on: Oct 3, 2020
Published by: Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 times per year
Keywords:
harvesting time,
fruit quality,
L.,
phenolics,
seasonal variation
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Plant science,
Zoology,
Ecology,
Life sciences, other

© 2020 Mehmet Polat, Kerem Mertoglu, Ilknur Eskimez, Volkan Okatan, published by Polish Society for Horticultural Sciences (PSHS)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

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