Age trends in the effectiveness of some ecosystem services provided by poplar cultivars in the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine

Yuriy Hayda; Yaroslav Fuchylo; Vasyl Brych; Antin Shuvar; Taras Haida; Olena Borysiak

doi:10.2478/ffp-2025-0012

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Age trends in the effectiveness of some ecosystem services provided by poplar cultivars in the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine

Folia Forestalia Polonica

Volume 67 (2025): Issue 3 (September 2025)

By: Yuriy Hayda, Yaroslav Fuchylo, Vasyl Brych, Antin Shuvar, Taras Haida and Olena Borysiak

Open Access

|Sep 2025

Figures & Tables

Stages of assessing the carbon-sequestration potential and oxygen productivity of poplar cultivars (Hayda et al. 2024)

Stages of assessment of bioenergetic productivity of poplar cultivars (Hayda et al. 2024)

Table 1.

Dynamics of growth and productivity of poplar cultivars

Cultivars	Number of trees, pcs.·ha⁻¹	Survival, %	Height (Н), m	Diameter at breast height (DBH), cm	Wood stock, m³∙ha⁻¹	Annual stock change, m³∙ha⁻¹∙year⁻¹
7 years
‘Strilopodibna’	5125	82	9.6±0.46	6.5±0.27	93	13.3
‘Druzhba’	5375	86	10.3±0.33	6.8±0.32	122	17.4
‘Canadian-Balsamic’	4875	78	9.8±0.36	7.4±0.33	113	16.1
‘Tronko’	5500	88	9.5±0.46	6.6±0.27	105	15.0
9 years
‘Strilopodibna’	4875	78	11.3±0.27	7.7±0.30	117	13.0
‘Druzhba’	5000	80	11.8±0.21	8.1±0.31	139	15.4
‘Canadian-Balsamic’	3250	52	11.2±0.53	9.1±0.46	111	12.3
‘Tronko’	3750	60	11.3±0.34	8.2±0.33	102	11.3
15 years
‘Strilopodibna’	3675	59	15.5±0.53	10.6±0.22	171	11.4
‘Druzhba’	2225	36	14.4±0.42	10.5±0.20	134	8.9
‘Canadian-Balsamic’	900	14	15.8±0.72	14.5±0.58	122	8.1
‘Tronko’	1300	21	15.7±0.49	11.9±0.26	111	7.4

Table 2.

Results of one-way ANOVA analysis of variance for the height and diameter of poplar cultivars

Index	Effect	LS	SS	DF	MS	F	p
Height	intercept	^***	13,917.88	1	13,917.88	3181.2	<0.0001
	cultivar	n.s.	17.79	3	5.93	1.355	0.2661
	error		240.63	55	4.38
Diameter at breast height (DBH)	intercept	^***	34,059.12	1	34,059.12	5641.3	<0.0001
	cultivar	^***	498.99	3	166.33	27.6	<0.0001
	error		1,913.86	317	6.04

Note: LS – signif. codes:

*** – p < 0,001,

** – p < 0,01,

* – p < 0,05;

n.s. – non-significant; SS – sum of squares; DF – degrees of freedom; MS – mean square; F – test statistic; p – p-value.

Mean plot of poplar cultivars diameters at breast height and mean±0.95 CI (1,–‘Canadian-Balsamic’; 2,–‘Tronko’; 3,–‘Druzhba’; 4,–‘Strilopodibna’)

Table 3.

Results of pairwise comparisons of the poplar cultivars average diameter at breast height (Fisher LSD test)

Cultivar	‘Canadian-Balsamic’	‘Tronko’	‘Druzhba’	‘Strilopodibna’
‘Canadian-Balsamic’		<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
‘Tronko’	<0.0001		0.0020	0.0015
‘Druzhba’	<0.0001	0.0020		0.8482
‘Strilopodibna’	<0.0001	0.0015	0.8482

[i] Note: p-values for pairs of cultivar with significant differences shown in grey.

Mean plot of poplar cultivars heights and mean±0.95 CI (1,–‘Canadian-Balsamic’; 2,–‘Tronko’; 3,–‘Druzhba’; 4,–‘Strilopodibna’)

Table 4.

Results of pair-wise comparisons of the poplar cultivars average height (Fisher LSD test)

Cultivar	‘Canadian-Balsamic’	‘Tronko’	‘Druzhba’	‘Strilopodibna’
‘Canadian-Balsamic’		0.8262	0.0758	0.6539
‘Tronko’	0.8262		0.1115	0.8157
‘Druzhba’	0.0758	0.1115		0.1722
‘Strilopodibna’	0.6539	0.8157	0.1722

[i] Note: p-values for pairs of cultivar with significant differences shown in grey.

Table 5.

Dynamics of carbon and CO₂-sequestration capacity of poplar cultivars

Age	Traits	Cultivars
Age	Traits	‘Strilopodibna’	‘Druzhba’	‘Canadian-Balsamic’	‘Tronko’
7 years	stock of stemwood, m³·ha⁻¹	93	122	113	105
	total biomass, t·ha⁻¹	70.1	91.9	85.1	79.1
	sequestered carbon, t·ha⁻¹	35.0	46.0	42.6	39.6
	CO₂ sequestration, t·ha⁻¹	128.5	168.5	156.1	145.0
	annual CO₂ sequestration, t·ha⁻¹	18.4	24.1	22.3	20.7
9 years	stock of stemwood, m³·ha⁻¹	117	139	111	102
	total biomass, t·ha⁻¹	88.2	104.7	83.6	76.9
	sequestered carbon, t·ha⁻¹	44.1	52.4	41.8	38.4
	CO₂ sequestration, t·ha⁻¹	161.6	192.0	153.3	140.9
	annual CO₂ sequestration, t·ha⁻¹	18.0	21.3	17.0	15.7
	current change in CO₂ sequestration, t·ha⁻¹	16.6	11.7	–1.4	–2.1
15 years	stock of stemwood, m³·ha⁻¹	171	134	122	111
	total biomass, t·ha⁻¹	128.8	101.0	91.9	83.6
	sequestered carbon, t·ha⁻¹	64.4	50.5	46.0	41.8
	CO₂ sequestration, t·ha⁻¹	236.2	185.1	168.5	153.3
	annual CO₂ sequestration, t·ha⁻¹	15.7	12.3	11.2	10.2
	current change in CO₂ sequestration, t·ha⁻¹	12.4	–1.2	2.5	2.1

Table 6.

Dynamics of oxygen productivity of poplar cultivars

Age	Traits	Cultivars
Age	Traits	‘Strilopodibna’	‘Druzhba’	‘Canadian-Balsamic’	‘Tronko’
7 years	total biomass, t·ha⁻¹	70.1	91.9	85.1	79.1
	oxygen productivity, t·ha⁻¹	84.1	110.3	102.1	94.9
	annual oxygen productivity, t·ha⁻¹	12.0	15.8	14.6	13.6
9 years	total biomass, t·ha⁻¹	88.2	104.7	83.6	76.9
	oxygen productivity, t·ha⁻¹	105.8	125.6	100.3	92.3
	annual oxygen productivity, t·ha⁻¹	11.8	14.0	11.1	10.3
	current change in oxygen productivity, t·ha⁻¹	10.9	7.7	–0.9	–1.3
15 years	total biomass, t·ha⁻¹	128.8	101.0	91.9	83.6
	oxygen productivity, t·ha⁻¹	154.6	121.2	110.3	100.3
	annual oxygen productivity, t·ha⁻¹	10.3	8.1	7.4	6.7
	current change in oxygen productivity, t·ha⁻¹	8.1	–0.7	1.7	1.3

Table 7.

Dynamics of total, average, and current bioenergetic productivity of poplar cultivars

Age	Traits	Poplar cultivars
Age	Traits	‘Strilopodibna’	‘Druzhba’	‘Canadian-Balsamic’	‘Tronko’
7 years	stock of stemwood, m³·ha⁻¹	93	122	113	105
	aboveground biomass, t·ha⁻¹	56.1	73.5	68.1	63.3
	energy yield, GJ·ha⁻¹	1038.8	1362.7	1262.2	1172.8
	yield of standard fuel, t·ha⁻¹	35.4	46.5	43.0	40.0
	annual energy yield, GJ·ha⁻¹	148.4	194.7	180.3	167.5
9 years	stock of stemwood, m³·ha⁻¹	117	139	111	102
	aboveground biomass, t·ha⁻¹	70.5	83.8	66.9	61.5
	energy yield, GJ·ha⁻¹	1306.9	1552.6	1239.9	1139.3
	yield of standard fuel, t·ha⁻¹	44.6	52.9	42.3	38.8
	annual energy yield, GJ·ha⁻¹	145.2	172.5	137.8	126.6
	current change in energy yield, GJ·ha⁻¹	134.0	94.9	−11.2	−16.8
15 years	stock of stemwood, m³·ha⁻¹	171	134	122	111
	aboveground biomass, t·ha⁻¹	103.1	80.8	73.5	66.9
	energy yield, GJ·ha⁻¹	1910.1	1496.8	1362.7	1239.9
	yield of standard fuel, t·ha⁻¹	65.1	51.0	46.5	42.3
	annual energy yield, GJ·ha⁻¹	127.3	99.8	90.8	82.7
	current change in energy yield, GJ·ha⁻¹	100.5	−9.3	20.5	16.8

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2025-0012 | Journal eISSN: 2199-5907 | Journal ISSN: 0071-6677

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Language: English

Page range: 137 - 149

Submitted on: Mar 20, 2025

Accepted on: Apr 28, 2025

Published on: Sep 14, 2025

Published by: Forest Research Institute

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

poplar cultivars,

ecosystem services,

carbon sequestration,

carbon dioxide sequestration,

oxygen productivity,

bioenergetic productivity

Related subjects:

Life sciences,

Plant science

© 2025 Yuriy Hayda, Yaroslav Fuchylo, Vasyl Brych, Antin Shuvar, Taras Haida, Olena Borysiak, published by Forest Research Institute
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 67 (2025): Issue 3 (September 2025)

Age trends in the effectiveness of some ecosystem services provided by poplar cultivars in the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Table 1.

Table 2.

Figure 3.

Table 3.

Figure 4.

Table 4.

Table 5.

Table 6.

Table 7.

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