Table 1.
Geographical localisations and altitude above see level of the meteorological stations applied in the study
| Meteorological station | Zgorzelec/Görlitz | Jelenia Góra | Karpacz | Szczawno Zdrój | Kłodzko | Duszniki/Słoszów | Lądek-Zdrój |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Altitude m a.s.l. | 203 m | 342 m | 605 m | 430 m | 360 m | 555 m | 461 m |
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| Western Sudetes | Central Sudetes | Eastern Sudetes | |||||
Table 2.
Characteristics of growth features of forests districts located in the Sudetes Mts in 2022
| Forest district | Area (ha) | Average age of stands | Merchantable volume (thousand m3) | The average stand volume (m3/ha) | The average of volume increment (m3/ha/year) | The share area of spruce (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bardo Śląskie | 12,158 | 77 | 3,676 | 302 | 8.6 | 28.6 |
| Bystrzyca Kłodzka | 12,260 | 81 | 4,913 | 401 | 10.6 | 79.8 |
| Zdroje | 9,604 | 83 | 4,974 | 414 | 10.8 | 74.0 |
| Jugów | 9,096 | 69 | 2,973 | 327 | 10.0 | 56.0 |
| Kamienna Góra | 15,364 | 72 | 6,040 | 393 | 10.9 | 80.5 |
| Międzylesie | 9,788 | 81 | 3,675 | 375 | 10.0 | 77.2 |
| Lądek Zdrój | 15,767 | 83 | 6,100 | 387 | 9.8 | 82.4 |
| Szklarska Poręba | 13,506 | 72 | 5,118 | 379 | 12.1 | 84.6 |
| Śnieżka | 12,372 | 75 | 4,667 | 377 | 10.6 | 69.6 |
| Świdnica | 15,541 | 82 | 5,275 | 339 | 8.5 | 27.7 |
| Świeradów | 14,528 | 62 | 4,585 | 316 | 11.8 | 59.8 |
| Wałbrzych | 14,878 | 79 | 5,219 | 351 | 9.2 | 60.2 |
| Average/total | 154,862 | 76 | 57,215 | 363 | 10.2 | 65.0 |
Figure 1.
Climatic conditions in the Polish part of the Sudetes in 1971–2022: A – average annual air temperature and annual precipitation; B – annual climatic water balance; C – climatic water balance in the growing season; D – monthly values of the climatic water balance in 2015 and 2018
Figure 2.
Volume of deadwood harvested in individual forest districts of the Sudetes in the period 2011–2022
Figure 3.
Volume of dead spruce wood obtained in the Sudetes forest districts in the period 2011–2022
Table 3.
Area, share and volume of deadwood of major tree species in the Sudetes forests in the period 2011–2022
| Tree species | Area (ha) | Areal share (%) | Volume of deadwood (thousand m3) | Share (%) of deadwood |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway spruce | 100,392 | 66.0 | 2591.2 | 94.03 |
| Scots pine | 4,680 | 3.1 | 28.3 | 1.03 |
| Larch sp. | 6,300 | 4.1 | 27.0 | 0.98 |
| Fir | 776 | 0.5 | 15.5 | 0.56 |
| Oak sp. | 8,554 | 5.6 | 14.1 | 0.51 |
| European beech | 21,634 | 14.2 | 1.6 | 0.06 |
| Alder | 4,114 | 2.7 | 2.1 | 0.08 |
| Sycamore | 1,913 | 1.3 | 17.2 | 0.62 |
| Other species | 6,499 | 2.5 | 58.8 | 2.13 |
| Total | 154,862 | 100 | 2755.8 | 100. |
Figure 4.
Share of deadwood volume in the Sudetes forest districts in the periods 2011–2014, 2015–2018 and 2019–2022
Figure 5.
Ratio of deadwood volume in the periods 2015–2018 and 2019–2022 to deadwood volume in the period 2011–2014
Figure 6.
Thickness of deadwood in altitude zones above sea level
Figure 7.
Thickness of deadwood at different exposures
Figure 8.
Thickness of deadwood in slope classes
Figure 9.
Deadwood volume in age classes
Figure 10.
Thickness of deadwood in fresh and moist sites
Legend: Bb – bog (pine) forest, BG – montane coniferous forest, BMb – bog mixed coniferous forest, BMG – montane mixed coniferous forest, BMśw – fresh mixed coniferous forest, BMw – moist mixed coniferous forest, BMwyż – upland mixed coniferous forest, Bs – dry coniferous forest, Bśw – fresh coniferous forest, Bw – moist coniferous forest, BWG – high-mountain coniferous forest, LG – montane broadleaved forest, Lł – riparian forest, LMb – bog mixed broadleaved forest, LMG – montane mixed broadleaved forest, LMśw – fresh mixed broadleaved forest, LMw – moist mixed broadleaved forest, LMwyż – upland mixed broadleaved forest, Lśw – fresh broadleaved forest, Lw – moist broadleaved forest, Lwyż – upland broadleaved forest, Ol – alder forest, OlJ – alder-ash forest; https://www.lasy.gov.pl/pl/publikacje/in-english/forests-in-poland-2013/@@download/file/Forests%20in%20Poland%202013.pdf