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Characteristics of the process of tree mortality occurring in the Polish Sudetes Mts Cover

Characteristics of the process of tree mortality occurring in the Polish Sudetes Mts

Open Access
|Dec 2024

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Climatic conditions in the Polish part of the Sudetes in 1971–2022: A – average annual air temperature and annual precipitation; B – annual climatic water balance; C – climatic water balance in the growing season; D – monthly values of the climatic water balance in 2015 and 2018
Climatic conditions in the Polish part of the Sudetes in 1971–2022: A – average annual air temperature and annual precipitation; B – annual climatic water balance; C – climatic water balance in the growing season; D – monthly values of the climatic water balance in 2015 and 2018

Figure 2.

Volume of deadwood harvested in individual forest districts of the Sudetes in the period 2011–2022
Volume of deadwood harvested in individual forest districts of the Sudetes in the period 2011–2022

Figure 3.

Volume of dead spruce wood obtained in the Sudetes forest districts in the period 2011–2022
Volume of dead spruce wood obtained in the Sudetes forest districts in the period 2011–2022

Figure 4.

Share of deadwood volume in the Sudetes forest districts in the periods 2011–2014, 2015–2018 and 2019–2022
Share of deadwood volume in the Sudetes forest districts in the periods 2011–2014, 2015–2018 and 2019–2022

Figure 5.

Ratio of deadwood volume in the periods 2015–2018 and 2019–2022 to deadwood volume in the period 2011–2014
Ratio of deadwood volume in the periods 2015–2018 and 2019–2022 to deadwood volume in the period 2011–2014

Figure 6.

Thickness of deadwood in altitude zones above sea level
Thickness of deadwood in altitude zones above sea level

Figure 7.

Thickness of deadwood at different exposures
Thickness of deadwood at different exposures

Figure 8.

Thickness of deadwood in slope classes
Thickness of deadwood in slope classes

Figure 9.

Deadwood volume in age classes
Deadwood volume in age classes

Figure 10.

Thickness of deadwood in fresh and moist sitesLegend: Bb – bog (pine) forest, BG – montane coniferous forest, BMb – bog mixed coniferous forest, BMG – montane mixed coniferous forest, BMśw – fresh mixed coniferous forest, BMw – moist mixed coniferous forest, BMwyż – upland mixed coniferous forest, Bs – dry coniferous forest, Bśw – fresh coniferous forest, Bw – moist coniferous forest, BWG – high-mountain coniferous forest, LG – montane broadleaved forest, Lł – riparian forest, LMb – bog mixed broadleaved forest, LMG – montane mixed broadleaved forest, LMśw – fresh mixed broadleaved forest, LMw – moist mixed broadleaved forest, LMwyż – upland mixed broadleaved forest, Lśw – fresh broadleaved forest, Lw – moist broadleaved forest, Lwyż – upland broadleaved forest, Ol – alder forest, OlJ – alder-ash forest; https://www.lasy.gov.pl/pl/publikacje/in-english/forests-in-poland-2013/@@download/file/Forests%20in%20Poland%202013.pdf
Thickness of deadwood in fresh and moist sitesLegend: Bb – bog (pine) forest, BG – montane coniferous forest, BMb – bog mixed coniferous forest, BMG – montane mixed coniferous forest, BMśw – fresh mixed coniferous forest, BMw – moist mixed coniferous forest, BMwyż – upland mixed coniferous forest, Bs – dry coniferous forest, Bśw – fresh coniferous forest, Bw – moist coniferous forest, BWG – high-mountain coniferous forest, LG – montane broadleaved forest, Lł – riparian forest, LMb – bog mixed broadleaved forest, LMG – montane mixed broadleaved forest, LMśw – fresh mixed broadleaved forest, LMw – moist mixed broadleaved forest, LMwyż – upland mixed broadleaved forest, Lśw – fresh broadleaved forest, Lw – moist broadleaved forest, Lwyż – upland broadleaved forest, Ol – alder forest, OlJ – alder-ash forest; https://www.lasy.gov.pl/pl/publikacje/in-english/forests-in-poland-2013/@@download/file/Forests%20in%20Poland%202013.pdf

Characteristics of growth features of forests districts located in the Sudetes Mts in 2022

Forest districtArea (ha)Average age of standsMerchantable volume (thousand m3)The average stand volume (m3/ha)The average of volume increment (m3/ha/year)The share area of spruce (%)
Bardo Śląskie12,158773,6763028.628.6
Bystrzyca Kłodzka12,260814,91340110.679.8
Zdroje9,604834,97441410.874.0
Jugów9,096692,97332710.056.0
Kamienna Góra15,364726,04039310.980.5
Międzylesie9,788813,67537510.077.2
Lądek Zdrój15,767836,1003879.882.4
Szklarska Poręba13,506725,11837912.184.6
Śnieżka12,372754,66737710.669.6
Świdnica15,541825,2753398.527.7
Świeradów14,528624,58531611.859.8
Wałbrzych14,878795,2193519.260.2
Average/total154,8627657,21536310.265.0

Geographical localisations and altitude above see level of the meteorological stations applied in the study

Meteorological stationZgorzelec/GörlitzJelenia GóraKarpaczSzczawno ZdrójKłodzkoDuszniki/SłoszówLądek-Zdrój
Altitude m a.s.l.203 m342 m605 m430 m360 m555 m461 m
  • Longitude (λ)

  • Latitude (φ)

  • 15° 01′ E

  • 51° 08′ N

  • 15° 47′ E

  • 50° 54′ N

  • 15° 47′ E

  • 50° 47′ N

  • 16° 14′ E

  • 50° 48′ N

  • 16° 36′ E

  • 50° 26′ N

  • 16° 22′ E

  • 50° 24′ N

  • 16° 53′ E

  • 50° 21′ N

Western SudetesCentral SudetesEastern Sudetes

Area, share and volume of deadwood of major tree species in the Sudetes forests in the period 2011–2022

Tree speciesArea (ha)Areal share (%)Volume of deadwood (thousand m3)Share (%) of deadwood
Norway spruce100,39266.02591.294.03
Scots pine4,6803.128.31.03
Larch sp.6,3004.127.00.98
Fir7760.515.50.56
Oak sp.8,5545.614.10.51
European beech21,63414.21.60.06
Alder4,1142.72.10.08
Sycamore1,9131.317.20.62
Other species6,4992.558.82.13
Total154,8621002755.8100.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2024-0026 | Journal eISSN: 2199-5907 | Journal ISSN: 0071-6677
Language: English
Page range: 347 - 358
Submitted on: Sep 21, 2023
Accepted on: Mar 20, 2024
Published on: Dec 11, 2024
Published by: Forest Research Institute
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2024 Arkadiusz Bruchwald, Elżbieta Dmyterko, Longina Chojnacka Ożga, Małgorzata Sułkowska, Piotr Wrzesiński, published by Forest Research Institute
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.