Table 1:
Demographic and laboratory parameters of the studied groups.
| Parameter | Group | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Case (DTC) (n = 40) | Control (goiter) (n = 40) | ||
| Age (years) | 41.08 ± 11.3 | 41.08 ± 11.3 | *1.000 |
| Sex: | |||
| Male | 9 (22.5%) | 9 (22.5%) | **1.000 |
| Female | 31 (77.5%) | 31 (77.5%) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.30 ± 6.2 | 33.80 ± 5.4 | *0.008 |
| Serum total T3 (μg/dL) | 1.27 ± 0.4 | 1.23 ± 0.3 | *0.456 |
| Serum total T4 (μg/dL) | 7.24 (6.50–8.25) | 7.85 (6.30–8.85) | ***0.528 |
| Serum TSH (mIU/L) | 1.10 (0.66–1.58) | 0.82 (1.03–2.45) | ***0.016 |
Figure 1:
ROC curve analysis of the α-Klotho and γ-Klotho genes for the diagnosis of DTC versus goiter.
Table 2:
Association between the demographics and the clinicopathological parameters and the two groups of the α-Klotho gene expression.
| Parameter | α-Klotho gene expression (Fold change) | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High (>0.68) (n=5) | Low (≤0.68) (n=35) | |||
| Age | <45years | 4 (80%) | 21 (60%) | **0.388 |
| ≥45years | 1 (20%) | 14 (40%) | ||
| Sex | male | 1 (20%) | 8 (22.9%) | **0.886 |
| female | 4 (80%) | 27 (77.1%) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.3±5.4 | 30.3±6.4 | *0.988 | |
| Tumor size (cm) | 0.94±0.4 | 2.91±0.9 | *<0.001 | |
| LNM | absent | 3 (60.0%) | 17 (49.0%) | **0.633 |
| present | 2 (40.0%) | 18 (51.0%) | ||
| Lateral LNM | absent | 3 (60.0%) | 22 (62.9%) | **0.902 |
| present | 2 (40.0%) | 13 (37.1%) | ||
| Lymphovascular permeation | absent | 4 (80.0%) | 20 (57.1%) | **0.631 |
| present | 1 (20.0%) | 15 (42.9%) | ||
| Lymphocytic infiltration | absent | 4 (80.0%) | 30 (85.7%) | **0.738 |
| present | 1 (20.0%) | 5 (14.3%) | ||
| Extrathyroidal invasion | absent | 5 (100.0%) | 27 (77.1%) | **0.232 |
| present | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (22.9%) | ||
| Capsular invasion | absent | 5 (100.0%) | 23 (65.7%) | **0.298 |
| present | 0 (0.0%) | 12 (34.3%) | ||
| Multifocality | absent | 5 (100.0%) | 17 (48.6%) | **0.031 |
| present | 0 (0.0%) | 18 (51.4%) | ||
| Pathological type | papillary | 4 (80.0%) | 27 (77.1%) | **0.525 |
| follicular | 1 (20.0%) | 8 (22.9%) | ||
| Calcification | absent | 3 (60.0%) | 16 (45.7%) | **0.550 |
| present | 2 (40.0%) | 19 (54.3%) | ||
| Margin | ill-defined | 0 (0.0%) | 15 (42.9%) | **0.137 |
| well-defined | 5 (100.0%) | 20 (57.1%) | ||
| Stage | I | 5 (100%) | 27 (77.1%) | **0.699 |
| II | 0 (0%) | 3 (8.6%) | ||
| III | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.9%) | ||
| IVA | 0 (0%) | 4 (11.4%) | ||
Table 3:
Correlations of the α-Klotho gene expression with γ-Klotho gene expression and with different parameters.
| α-Klotho gene expression | ||
|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Correlation coefficient | p-value |
| γ-Klotho gene expression | −0.065 | 0.565 |
| Age | −0. 233 | 0.037 |
| BMI | −0.210 | 0.194 |
| Serum total T3 | 0.084 | 0.606 |
| Serum total T4 | 0.101 | 0.534 |
| Serum TSH | −0.258 | 0.108 |
| Stage | −0.346 | 0. 026 |
| Tumor size | −0.898 | <0.001 |
[i] p-value by Spearman's correlation coefficient test.
Table 4:
Correlations of the γ-Klotho gene expression with different parameters.
| γ-Klotho gene expression | ||
|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Correlation coefficient | p-value |
| Age | −0.028 | 0.866 |
| BMI | −0.254 | 0.114 |
| Serum total T3 | 0.186 | 0.250 |
| Serum total T4 | 0.244 | 0.130 |
| Serum TSH | −0.156 | 0.338 |
| Stage | −0.104 | 0.525 |
| Tumor size | −0.089 | 0.586 |
[i] p-value by Spearman's correlation coefficient test.
Table 5:
Logistic regression analysis to predict the likelihood of DTC on top of goiter.
| Parameter | Crude OR | 95% CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| BMI | 0.998 | 0.99–1.006 | 0.626 |
| Serum total T3 | 1.023 | 0.83–1.26 | 0.831 |
| Serum total T4 | 1.004 | 0.97–1.039 | 0.836 |
| Serum TSH | 1.063 | 0.95–1.19 | 0.285 |
| α-Klotho gene expression | 0.506 | 0.343–0.746 | 0.001 |
| γ-Klotho gene expression | 1.059 | 0.893–0.1.256 | 0.508 |
[i] p-value by simple logistic regression analysis (crude OR: crude odds ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval).
Table 6:
Predictors of higher stage of DTC.
| Predictor | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| Gender (female) | 2.2395(0.747–7.675) | 0.142 |
| Serum total T4 | 1.220(0.956–1.56) | 0.110 |
| Serum TSH | 0.812(0.587–1.125) | 0.211 |
| α-Klotho gene expression | 0.671(0.246–0.835) | 0.037 |
[i] p-value by multivariate ordinal regression analysis (adjusted OR: adjusted odds ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval).