The demographic information of the participants
| Variables | N | (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male | 173 | 44.9 |
| Female | 212 | 55.1 | |
| Age (years) | 20–25 | 8 | 2.1 |
| 26–35 | 110 | 28.6 | |
| 36–45 | 163 | 42.3 | |
| 46–55 | 86 | 22.3 | |
| 56–65 | 18 | 4.7 | |
| Stage | Preschool—Elementary school | 77 | 20 |
| Middle school | 254 | 66 | |
| High school | 54 | 14 | |
| Years of experience | 1–5 | 31 | 8.1 |
| 6–10 | 77 | 20 | |
| 11–15 | 85 | 22.1 | |
| 16–20 | 84 | 21.8 | |
| Over 20 years | 108 | 28.1 | |
| Educational background | Undergraduate | 328 | 85.2 |
| Postgraduate | 57 | 14.8 |
Problems that teachers experienced in the ERT process
| Theme | Sub-theme | Code | f |
|---|---|---|---|
| Technology | Access | Internet, connection problems | 108 |
| Not having devices such as computers, tablets, smartphones, students' lack of internet connection, inequality of opportunity | 87 | ||
| System | Problems about logging into EBA, dropping from EBA Live Application, freezing, EBA web traffic issues | 70 | |
| Technical problems, audio-visual problems | 18 | ||
| EBA's content lack | 2 | ||
| Competence | Inexperience, insufficient use of technology, lack of computer skills of students and parents | 19 | |
| The difficulty of instruction by writing on the screen, difficult to explain the subjects that need to be shown and practiced | 7 | ||
| Not being able to prepare or use digital course materials | 4 | ||
| Pedagogy | Interaction | Communication problems, inability to reach parents and students | 16 |
| Insufficient interaction/insufficient feedback | 9 | ||
| Stress due to no eye contact, disabled cameras | 8 | ||
| Inability to understand whether the student has understood or not | 7 | ||
| The lack of sincerity, love and interest, insufficient emotional transmission, inability to create a normal classroom environment, lack efficient as face-to-face training | 6 | ||
| Motivation | Low student participation | 70 | |
| Indifference, unwillingness, unseriousness of parents and students | 29 | ||
| Low motivation | 3 | ||
| Low readiness | 2 | ||
| Students get bored | 3 | ||
| Distraction, trouble focussing | 2 | ||
| Class management | Inability to control the system and students, classroom management problems | 5 | |
| Difficulty checking homework, homework not done by students, no attendance control and grading in the process | 5 | ||
| Time management in virtual classes, the lesson preparation that takes a lot of time | 5 | ||
| Tracking student progress | 3 | ||
| Unsuitable home environment, responsibilities at home | 3 |
Advantages of ERT according to teachers
| Theme | Code | f |
|---|---|---|
| Flexibility | Giving lessons at home in a comfortable environment | 56 |
| Being independent of time and place | 46 | |
| Efficiency | Saving on time (not spending time on transportation), efficiency of time | 54 |
| Economic saving | 10 | |
| The participation of only willing, responsible students increases the efficiency of the lesson. | 10 | |
| More effective than face-to-face training | 3 | |
| Necessity (Obligation) | Can be used when face-to-face training is not possible, | 32 |
| Innovation (Technological) | Ability to share all kinds of documents and materials practically and access them easily | 29 |
| Ensuring effective use of technology in teaching and using new learning environments | 15 | |
| Ability to reach large masses at the same time | 5 | |
| Opportunities | Easy classroom management, less or no disciplinary problems compared to face-to-face training | 25 |
| Developing individual learning, supporting a sense of responsibility and increasing self-control | 13 | |
| Involving parents in the process | 7 | |
| Providing a new, different experience | 5 | |
| Ensuring understanding of the value of face-to-face education (school and teacher) | 2 |
Suggestions of teachers for more efficient ERT process
| Theme | Sub-theme | Code | f |
|---|---|---|---|
| Technology | Access | Devices such as computers, tablets and free internet connection should be provided for students' access | 88 |
| Participation must be mandatory; attendance must be taken | 76 | ||
| Equality of opportunity should be ensured | 41 | ||
| It should be a support-advisory unit for technical problems | 3 | ||
| System | System-technical problems should be eliminated, EBA infrastructure should be strengthened | 98 | |
| Content should be enriched; more content should be added | 31 | ||
| EBA logging hours and live class time should not be restricted | 8 | ||
| Schools should plan for live lessons in advance | 6 | ||
| Live lessons should be recorded | 2 | ||
| Competence | In-service training should be provided to teachers on subjects such as the distance education process, the use of platforms that can be used in this process and content and assessment tools creation | 34 | |
| Parents should be informed about the distance education and their support and control for students should be provided | 23 | ||
| Students should be informed about the distance education and their roles | 16 | ||
| Pedagogy | Interaction | Students cameras should be open in live lesson | 3 |
| The use of Web 2.0 tools should be expanded | 2 | ||
| Motivation | Students' motivation and readiness should be increased | 14 | |
| Live classes should not be too early | 2 | ||
| Classroom management | Assessment and evaluation of the lessons should be done in general after TV lessons, the process should be supported with homework and the homework should be graded | 16 | |
| Suitable learning environments should be provided in homes | 4 | ||
| Different instructional methods, techniques and technologies should be used | 3 |
The methods teachers used for solving the problems in ERT
| Theme | Sub-theme | Code | f |
|---|---|---|---|
| Technology | Access | I switched from the current device to another device (PC-Phone-Tablet) | 11 |
| I bought an additional internet data package | 11 | ||
| I logged in at a late hour | 7 | ||
| I provided opportunities for students who have no internet or devices | 5 | ||
| I have bought a new device (Smartphone, PC, tablet) | 5 | ||
| I called the Internet Service Provider or GSM Customer Service | 4 | ||
| I switched to mobile internet connection | 2 | ||
| System | I quit the system and re-entered | 28 | |
| I restarted the computer | 16 | ||
| I uninstalled the EBA Live Lessons application and re-installed | 12 | ||
| I updated the application | 11 | ||
| I prepared content such as video, topic summary and tests for no-content subjects in the system | 9 | ||
| I solved it through the trial-and-error method | 8 | ||
| I deactivated the anti-virus software | 3 | ||
| I changed the web browser | 2 | ||
| I waited | 2 | ||
| Competence | I received support from the ICT teacher and other experienced teachers in our school | 41 | |
| I researched on the Internet | 21 | ||
| Pedagogy | Interaction | I contacted the parents | 39 |
| I informed students and shared materials from WhatsApp groups and EBA | 32 | ||
| I asked the subjects they didn't understand | 1 | ||
| I multiplied the examples | 1 | ||
| I informed students by SMS | 2 | ||
| I did question-answer activities and dialogues to help students express themselves | 15 | ||
| Motivation | I called the students on the phone | 35 | |
| I prepared different and interesting activities, contents such as songs, stories, images and videos to involve the students in the process | 27 | ||
| I guided the students, increased their motivation | 6 | ||
| I used different instructional methods and techniques | 4 | ||
| I kept the lessons short, increased the breaks and explained only the important subjects in live lessons | 3 | ||
| Class management | I kept my materials ready before starting the live classes to use time efficiently. | 4 | |
| I cleared the deck | 3 | ||
| I gave homework to increase students' responsibility | 3 | ||
| I turned the microphones off to block the background noise | 2 |
Disadvantages of ERT according to teachers
| Theme | Sub-theme | Code | f |
|---|---|---|---|
| Technology | Access | Students cannot have technological equipment due to financial impossibilities and therefore cannot access education, inequality of opportunity | 63 |
| Low student participation in live lessons | 59 | ||
| System | Technical problems, connection errors, system problems and waste of time due to these | 32 | |
| Pedagogy | Interaction | Communication and interaction is difficult or limited | 54 |
| Not getting instant feedback from the student and not knowing whether the student can understand the subject or not | 48 | ||
| Not being able to make eye contact, gesture and facial expression, being unable to see students due to cameras not turning on | 30 | ||
| Less sociability and social interaction | 14 | ||
| Lack of emotional, closeness and sincerity, it is soulless, boring | 10 | ||
| Inability to communicate effectively, communication problems | 6 | ||
| There is teaching but not education | 1 | ||
| Motivation | Low motivation, apathy, attention deficit, distraction | 42 | |
| It is difficult for students to focus on the lesson at home | 9 | ||
| Students' indifference, disregard, irresponsibility | 8 | ||
| The students are not active | 7 | ||
| It causes technology addiction | 6 | ||
| Difficulty in keeping the attention alive and getting the students' attention | 4 | ||
| Unwilling students completely move away from education | 3 | ||
| Class management | Inability to create properly the classroom environment, lack of emotion, lack of emotional transmission and warmth | 38 | |
| Monitoring student, control and domination is difficult | 22 | ||
| Assessment and evaluation is difficult | 20 | ||
| Not efficient as face-to-face education | 16 | ||
| Lack of learning by doing, learning by doing, being difficult to teach practical lessons, not being able to do activities such as experiments, making group work is difficult | 13 | ||
| Teaching for some branches (such as mathematics) is difficult | 8 | ||
| Dealing with students is individually difficult | 4 | ||
| Attendance control and homework tracking is difficult | 4 | ||
| Lesson preparation takes time | 2 | ||
| Learning remains at the level of knowledge | 1 |