Energy Efficiency Policies in China and the United States: Institutional Frameworks, Territorial Dynamics, and Social Adoption: Lessons for Maghreb Countries with Focus on Algeria
By: Bouchetara Mehdi and Zerouti Messaoud
References
- Allcott, H., & Mullainathan, S. (2010). Behavior and energy policy. Science, 327(5970), 1204-1205.
- Ang, B. W. (2004). Decomposition analysis for policymaking in energy: Which is the preferred method? Energy Policy, 32(9), 1131-1139.
- Ayres, I., Raseman, S., & Shih, A. (2013). Evidence from two large field experiments that peer comparison feedback can reduce residential energy usage. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 29(5), 992-1022.
- Baeumler, A., Ijjasz-Vasquez, E., & Mehndiratta, S. (2012). Sustainable low-carbon city development in China. World Bank Publications.
- Baeumler, A., Chen, M., Dasgupta, S., Roth, J., Wang, H., & Wu, Y. (2014). Sustainable urbanization in China: Historical progress and future pathways. China Economic Review, 29, 251-261.
- Beach, D., & Pedersen, R. B. (2013). Process-tracing methods: Foundations and guidelines. University of Michigan Press.
- Bertoldi, P., Rezessy, S., & Vine, E. (2013). Energy service companies in European countries: Current status and a strategy to foster their development. Energy Policy, 34(14), 1818-1832.
- Betsill, M. M., & Bulkeley, H. (2006). Cities and the multilevel governance of global climate change. Global Governance, 12(2), 141-159.
- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
- Bureau national des statistiques. (2016). Bulletin statistique sur le développement économique et social national 2015. Beijing : Presse du Bureau national des statistiques.
- Bureau national des statistiques. (2023). Annuaire statistique de la Chine 2023. Beijing: Presse du Bureau national des statistiques.
- Chen, H., Shi, Q., & Xu, L. (2016). Determinants of public-private partnership in waste management in China. Habitat International, 53, 464-470.
- Chen, S., & Li, R. (2019). Social capital and energy conservation behavior in Chinese households. Energy Policy, 127, 256-266.
- Chen, W., Hong, J., & Xu, C. (2015). China’s urban energy consumption: Different perspectives. Applied Energy, 154, 206-215.
- Deng, J., Wei, Q., & Zhang, M. (2014). Municipal solid waste management in China: Status, problems and challenges. Journal of Environmental Management, 141, 92-99.
- Denzin, N. K. (1978). The research act: A theoretical introduction to sociological methods. McGraw-Hill.
- Dolowitz, D. P., & Marsh, D. (2000). Learning from abroad: The role of policy transfer in contemporary policy-making. Governance, 13(1), 5-23.
- Dong, K., Sun, R., & Hochman, G. (2018). Do natural gas and renewable energy consumption lead to less CO2 emission? Empirical evidence from a panel of BRICS countries. Energy, 141, 1466-1478.
- Eaton, S., & Kostka, G. (2014). Authoritarian environmentalism undermined? Local leaders’ time horizons and environmental policy implementation in China. China Quarterly, 218, 359-380.
- Eaton, S., & Kostka, G. (2017). Central protectionism in China: The «central SOE problem» in environmental governance. China Quarterly, 231, 685-704.
- Evans, M. (2004). Policy transfer in global perspective. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis, 6(2), 103-121.
- Evans, M., Shui, B., & Delgado, A. (2019). Enforcing building energy codes in China: Progress and comparative lessons. Energy Policy, 129, 1063-1073.
- Fattouh, B., & El-Katiri, L. (2013). Energy subsidies in the Middle East and North Africa. Energy Strategy Reviews, 2(1), 108-115.
- Feng, W., Lu, H., & Yao, T. (2018). Drive pattern analysis and energy efficiency study of Beijing’s public transport buses. Applied Energy, 213, 369-378.
- Feng, W., & Wang, J. (2016). Multi-objective optimization of energy management for fuel cell hybrid vehicle using dynamic programming approach. Journal of Power Sources, 304, 46-55.
- Feng, Y., Chen, S., & Zhang, L. (2019). System dynamics modeling for urban energy consumption and CO2 emissions: A case study of Beijing, China. Ecological Modelling, 396, 86-95.
- Feng, Y., Wang, S., Sha, T., Ding, X., & Wang, J. (2020). Urbanization impacts on carbon emissions: An empirical analysis from OECD countries. Energy Policy, 140, 111397.
- Gallagher, K. S. (2014). The globalization of clean energy technology: Lessons from China. MIT Press.
- George, A. L., & Bennett, A. (2005). Case studies and theory development in the social sciences. MIT Press.
- Hasanbeigi, A., Morrow, W., Sathaye, J., Masanet, E., & Xu, T. (2013). A bottom-up model to estimate the energy efficiency improvement and CO2 emission reduction potentials in the Chinese iron and steel industry. Energy, 50, 315-325.
- Howlett, M., & Rayner, J. (2007). Design principles for policy mixes: Cohesion and coherence in ‘new governance arrangements’. Policy and Society, 26(4), 1-18.
- AIE. (2024). Efficacité énergétique 2024. Agence internationale de l’énergie.
- FMI. (2023). Algérie: Rapport du personnel pour la consultation de 2023 au titre de l’Article IV. Fonds monétaire international.
- Jenkins-Smith, H. C., Nohrstedt, D., Weible, C. M., & Sabatier, P. A. (2014). The advocacy coalition framework: Foundations, evolution, and ongoing research. Theories of the Policy Process, 3, 183-223.
- Jiang, P., & Hu, Y. C. (2016). Do legal regulations matter? Implementation of civil and commercial mediation in China. International Journal of Conflict Management, 27(1), 22-44.
- Jones, C. O. (1984). An introduction to the study of public policy. Brooks/Cole.
- Keating, M. (2013). Rescaling the European State: The Making of Territory and the Rise of the Meso. Oxford University Press.
- Khanna, N., Fridley, D., & Hong, L. (2014). China’s pilot low-carbon city initiative: A comparative assessment of national goals and local plans. Sustainable Cities and Society, 12, 110-121.
- Kong, Y., Feng, C., & Yang, J. (2016). How does China manage its energy market? A perspective of policy evolution. Energy Policy, 94, 24-31.
- Kong, Y., Khan, R., & Xiong, C. (2021). Energy efficiency and environmental impacts of industrial symbiosis: The case of the Ulsan Eco-industrial Park, Korea. Journal of Cleaner Production, 287, 125570.
- Kostka, G. (2014). Barriers to the implementation of environmental policies at the local level in China. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 7016.
- Kostka, G. (2016). Command without control: The case of China’s environmental target system. Regulation & Governance, 10(1), 58-74.
- Kostka, G., & Hobbs, W. (2012). Local energy efficiency policy implementation in China: Bridging the gap between national priorities and local interests. China Quarterly, 211, 765-785.
- Lasswell, H. D. (1951). The policy orientation. The Policy Sciences, 1, 3-15.
- Li, H., & Chen, L. (2016). Energy efficiency convergence in China: Spatial and temporal heterogeneity analysis. Energy Economics, 54, 191-200.
- Li, J., & Wang, X. (2014). Energy and climate policy in China’s twelfth five-year plan: A paradigm shift. Energy Policy, 41, 519-528.
- Li, Y., Beeton, R. J., Halog, A., & Sigler, T. (2018). Evaluating urban sustainability potential based on material flow analysis of inputs and outputs: A case study in Jinchang City, China. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 110, 87-98.
- Liu, F., & Li, Z. (2017). Impact factors of carbon emission intensity of China’s energy-intensive industries: A spatial econometric analysis. Natural Hazards, 86(2), 1133-1144.
- Liu, L., Liu, J., & Zhang, Z. (2019). Environmental efficiency of land use in China: A parallel slack-based measure for regional and industrial development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 3874-3886.
- Liu, X., Sweeney, J., O’Malley, M., & Perry, A. (2017). Domestic energy efficiency and awareness – An analysis of the residential sector. Energy Policy, 39(10), 6823-6832.
- Lo, K. (2015). How authoritarian is the environmental governance of China? Environmental Science & Policy, 54, 152-159.
- Lo, K. (2018). China’s low-carbon city initiatives: The implementation gap and the limits of the target responsibility system. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 1049-1058.
- Ma, C., & He, L. (2017). From state monopoly to renewable portfolio: Restructuring China’s electric utility. Energy Policy, 51, 138-148.
- Ma, L., Liu, P., Fu, F., Li, Z., & Ni, W. (2016). Integrated energy strategy for the sustainable development of China. Energy, 36(2), 1143-1154.
- March, J. G., & Olsen, J. P. (2006). The logic of appropriateness. The Oxford Handbook of Public Policy, 689-708.
- NDRC. (2011). Rapport d’évaluation du programme Top-1000. Commission nationale de développement et de réforme, Beijing.
- NDRC. (2023). Rapport d’évaluation de l’efficacité énergétique nationale 2023. Commission nationale de développement et de réforme, Beijing.
- North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge University Press.
- Ouyang, J., & Lin, B. (2014). Analyzing energy savings potential of the Chinese building materials industry under different carbon mitigation scenarios. Applied Energy, 115, 615-628.
- Price, L., Hasanbeigi, A., Lu, H., & Wang, L. (2010). Industrial energy audit guidebook: Guidelines for conducting an energy audit in industrial facilities. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
- Price, L., Wang, X., & Yun, J. (2011). The challenge of reducing energy consumption of the Top-1000 largest industrial enterprises in China. Energy Policy, 38(11), 6485-6498.
- Price, L., Zhou, N., Fridley, D., Ohshita, S., Lu, H., Zheng, N., & Fino-Chen, C. (2019). Development of a low-carbon indicator system for China. Habitat International, 51, 37-54.
- Przeworski, A., & Teune, H. (1970). The Logic of Comparative Social Inquiry. Wiley-Interscience.
- Qi, T., Winchester, N., Karplus, V. J., & Zhang, X. (2015). Will economic restructuring in China reduce trade-embodied CO2 emissions? Energy Economics, 42, 204-212.
- Qi, Y., & Zhang, L. (2018). Local environmental enforcement constrained by central–local relations in China. Environmental Policy and Governance, 28(4), 216-226.
- Ragin, C. C. (2008). Redesigning social inquiry: Fuzzy sets and beyond. University of Chicago Press.
- Sabatier, P. A., & Jenkins-Smith, H. C. (2014). Policy change and learning: An advocacy coalition approach. Westview Press.
- Sachs, J. D., & Warner, A. M. (2001). The curse of natural resources. European Economic Review, 45(4-6), 827-838.
- Wang, C., & Li, J. (2019). The evaluation and promotion path of green development in China: Development of a green development index. Energy Economics, 84, 104518.
- Wang, C., Wu, J., & Zhang, B. (2018). Environmental regulation, emissions and productivity: Evidence from Chinese COD-emitting manufacturers. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 92, 54-73.
- Wang, H., Chen, Z., Wu, X., & Nie, X. (2017). Can a carbon trading system promote the transformation of a low-carbon economy under the framework of the porter hypothesis? Empirical analysis based on the EU ETS. Energy Policy, 109, 326-334.
- Wang, J., & Liu, Y. (2022). Transport energy consumption and saving in China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 29, 641-655.
- Wang, K., Wei, Y. M., & Zhang, X. (2021). A comparative analysis of China’s regional energy and emission performance: Which is the better way to deal with undesirable outputs? Energy Policy, 46, 574-584.
- Wang, Q., & Zhang, F. (2020). Does increasing investment in research and development promote economic growth decoupling from carbon emission growth? An empirical analysis of BRICS countries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 252, 119853.
- Yu, B., Fang, D., Xiao, K., & Pan, Y. (2015). Drivers of renewable energy penetration and its role in power sector’s deep decarbonization towards carbon peak. Applied Energy, 178, 435-449.
- Yu, S., & Wang, L. (2019). Can the belt and road initiative boost China’s exports to the related countries? China Economic Review, 54, 1-18.
- Zhang, D., Razzaq, A., Kuo, F. I., Shahbaz, M., & Abbas, F. (2020). Role of ICT and renewable energy in carbon neutrality: A step towards COP26. Technology in Society, 67, 101692.
- Zhang, S., & Wang, J. (2019). Environmental regulation and green development: Evidence from recent environmental regulation policies in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 232, 770-785.
- Zhang, X., & Zhou, L. (2018). Local environmental enforcement and citizen complaints in China. Environmental Politics, 27(2), 332-357.
- Zhou, N., Fridley, D., Khanna, N. Z., Ke, J., McNeil, M., & Levine, M. (2018). China’s energy and emissions outlook to 2050: Perspectives from bottom-up energy end-use model. Energy Policy, 53, 51-62.
- Zhou, Y., Shan, Y., Liu, G., & Guan, D. (2018). Emissions and low-carbon development in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area cities and their surroundings. Applied Energy, 228, 1683-1692.
- Zhou, Z ., Liu, C ., Zeng, X ., Jiang, Y., & Liu, W. (2019). Carbon emission performance evaluation and allocation in Chinese cities. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 1254-1272.
- Zhou, Z., Xu, G., Wang, C., & Wu, J. (2022). Modeling undesirable output with a DEA approach based on an exponential transformation: An application to measure the energy efficiency of Chinese industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 236, 117717.
Language: English
Page range: 202 - 218
Submitted on: Jul 1, 2025
Accepted on: Jan 1, 2026
Published on: Jul 31, 2026
Published by: John Paul II University in Biała Podlaska
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2026 Bouchetara Mehdi, Zerouti Messaoud, published by John Paul II University in Biała Podlaska
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.