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Job insecurity and employee anxiety as predictors of compulsory citizenship behaviour: Psychological resilience as a mediator Cover

Job insecurity and employee anxiety as predictors of compulsory citizenship behaviour: Psychological resilience as a mediator

Open Access
|Aug 2025

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Research ModelNote: Direct effects are represented with straight arrows, while the dashed line is the mediator
Research ModelNote: Direct effects are represented with straight arrows, while the dashed line is the mediator

Bias-Corrected Bootstrapped Result

HypothesesPathIndirect effectSELLCIULCI
H1JI → PR → CCB−0.480.02−0.46−0.28
H2EA → PR → CCB−0.460.09−0.78−0.35

Constructs and sources

ConstructItemsReferences
Job insecurity
  • Can you be pressured to accept an arrangement and cancel your

  • working relationship with your Hotel?

  • Your Hotel can do without you for a long time?

  • Can you be pressured to accept an early retirement?

  • Can you be temporarily laid off?

  • Can you be fired from your Hotel?

  • The future of your department or area is uncertain?

  • Your future salary will be reduced?

  • You will receive undesirable changes in your working hours and your job title?

  • Will be pressured to work fewer hours?

Lee et al (2008)
Employee Anxiety
  • To what extent has your work made you feel restless?

  • To what extent has your work made you feel worried?

  • To what extent has your work made you feel tense?

Warr (1990)
Psychological resilience
  • When I have a setback at work, I have trouble recovering from it and moving on

  • I can be “on my own,” so to speak, at work if I have to

  • I usually take stressful things at work in my stride

  • I can get through difficult times at work because I’ve experienced difficulties before

  • I feel I can handle many things at a time at my job

Paek et al (2015)
CCB
  • The management in this organization puts pressure on employees to engage in extra-role work activities beyond their formal job tasks

  • There is social pressure in this organization to work extra hours, beyond the formal workload and without any formal rewards

  • I feel that I am expected to invest more effort in this job than I want to and beyond my formal job requirements

  • I feel that I am forced to help customers beyond my formal obligations and even when I am short on time or energy

Vigoda-Gadot (2007)

Descriptive statistics and scale intercorrelations

1234567
1. Gender1
2. MaritalSta0.298***1
3. Education−0.187***−0.356***1
4. JI0.062−.066−0.151***1
5. EA0.174***0.291***0.548***−0.133***1
6. PR−0.180***−0.116*0.130***0.361***0.0721
7. CCB0.252***0.404**−0.487***−0.117*0.667***−0.124*1

Results of the hypothesized relationship

HypothesesPathStandardized estimatest-valuesDecision
H1JI → PR−.2446.432Accepted
H2JI → CB−.3453.965Accepted
H3EA → PR−.49510.518Accepted
H4EA → CCB−.4405.792Accepted
H5PR → CCB.3253.403Accepted

Respondent's profile (n = 380)

Frequency%
Age
18–25153.9
26–3311028.9
34–4115139.7
42–499725.5
50–50+71.8
Gender
Male20854.7
Female17245.3
Education
Elementary Education348.9
High school15240.0
Associate degree13836.3
Bachelor's degree5514.5
Postgraduate10.3
Marital Status
Married9625.3
Single28474.7
Experience
I year6717.6
1–3 years17245.3
4–6 years11530.3
7–7+266.8

Factor loading, AVE & CR of Constructs

ConstructsCFACronbach αAVECR
Job Insecurity 0.9760.740.93
JI10.941
JI20.929
JI30.924
JI40.917
JI50.903
JI60.890
JI70.886
JI80.884
JI90.859
Employee Anxiety 0.9710.750.98
EA100.903
EA110.894
EA120.891
Psychological Resilience 0.9120.820.95
PR130.892
PR140.878
PR150.878
PR160.877
PR170.832
Compulsory Citizenship Behaviour 0.9740.750.89
CCB180.870
CCB190.849
CCB200.840
CCB210.830
CCB220.811
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ejthr-2025-0008 | Journal eISSN: 2182-4924 | Journal ISSN: 2182-4916
Language: English
Page range: 105 - 119
Submitted on: Jul 20, 2024
|
Accepted on: Sep 4, 2024
|
Published on: Aug 14, 2025
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

© 2025 Uju Violet Alola, Chukwuemeka Echebiri, Serdar Egeli, published by Polytechnic Institute of Leiria
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.