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Influences of Airflow Pathway and Velocity on Aerosol Release Mechanisms in Granule-Based HTP Cover

Influences of Airflow Pathway and Velocity on Aerosol Release Mechanisms in Granule-Based HTP

Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research
Volume 34 (2025): Issue 4 (September 2025)
By: Yue Zhang,  Di Kang,  Yifan Bu,  Chen Chen,  He Du,  Lili Fu,  Shuang Wang,  Tao Wang,  Hao Zhou,  Bin Li and  Ke Zhang  
Open Access
|Nov 2025

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Schematic of granule-based HTP cigarette and airflow pathways.
Schematic of granule-based HTP cigarette and airflow pathways.

Figure 2.

Total and puff-by-puff ACM release amounts versus airflow velocity: (a), (b) open-ended and (c), (d) closed-ended configurations.
Total and puff-by-puff ACM release amounts versus airflow velocity: (a), (b) open-ended and (c), (d) closed-ended configurations.

Figure 3.

Total and puff-by-puff water amounts and puff-by-puff water proportions versus airflow velocity: (a) – (c) open-ended and (d) – (f) closed-ended configurations.
Total and puff-by-puff water amounts and puff-by-puff water proportions versus airflow velocity: (a) – (c) open-ended and (d) – (f) closed-ended configurations.

Figure 4.

Total and puff-by-puff glycerin amounts and puff-by-puff glycerin proportions versus puffing velocity: (a) – (c) open-ended and (d) – (f) closed-ended configurations.
Total and puff-by-puff glycerin amounts and puff-by-puff glycerin proportions versus puffing velocity: (a) – (c) open-ended and (d) – (f) closed-ended configurations.

Figure 5.

Total and puff-by-puff propylene glycol amounts and puff-by-puff propylene glycol proportions versus airflow velocity: (a) – (c) open-ended and (d) – (f) closed-ended configurations.
Total and puff-by-puff propylene glycol amounts and puff-by-puff propylene glycol proportions versus airflow velocity: (a) – (c) open-ended and (d) – (f) closed-ended configurations.

Figure 6.

Total and puff-by-puff nicotine amounts and puff-by-puff nicotine proportions versus airflow velocity: (a) – (c) open-ended and (d) – (f) closed-ended configurations.
Total and puff-by-puff nicotine amounts and puff-by-puff nicotine proportions versus airflow velocity: (a) – (c) open-ended and (d) – (f) closed-ended configurations.

Figure 7.

Regressions between puff-by-puff propylene glycol and nicotine release and between puff-by-puff glycerin and nicotine release for two airflow pathways.
Regressions between puff-by-puff propylene glycol and nicotine release and between puff-by-puff glycerin and nicotine release for two airflow pathways.

Figure 8.

Aerosol number concentration, count median diameter, and volume concentration versus airflow velocity: (a) – (c) open-ended and (d) – (f) closed-ended configurations.
Aerosol number concentration, count median diameter, and volume concentration versus airflow velocity: (a) – (c) open-ended and (d) – (f) closed-ended configurations.

Figure 9.

Glycerin proportions in smoke and different segments of a cigarette under two airflow pathways.
Glycerin proportions in smoke and different segments of a cigarette under two airflow pathways.

Figure 10.

Propylene glycol proportions in smoke and different segments of a cigarette under two airflow pathways.
Propylene glycol proportions in smoke and different segments of a cigarette under two airflow pathways.

Figure 11.

Nicotine proportions in smoke and different segments of a cigarette under two airflow pathways.
Nicotine proportions in smoke and different segments of a cigarette under two airflow pathways.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2025-0016 | Journal eISSN: 2719-9509
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Language: English
Page range: 179 - 190
Submitted on: Apr 9, 2025
Accepted on: Jun 22, 2025
Published on: Nov 11, 2025
Published by: Institut für Tabakforschung GmbH
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Granule-based HTP,
flow velocity,
release pattern,
interception,
size distribution
Related subjects:
General interest,
Life sciences,
Life sciences, other,
Physics,
Physics, other

© 2025 Yue Zhang, Di Kang, Yifan Bu, Chen Chen, He Du, Lili Fu, Shuang Wang, Tao Wang, Hao Zhou, Bin Li, Ke Zhang, published by Institut für Tabakforschung GmbH
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License.

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