Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents Analysis of North American ENDS

Brands/devices	Product source	Category	E-liquid	Labelled nicotine strength (%) & form³
Glas	US	Closed pod	Signature Tobacco	5% Salt
Glas	US	Closed pod	Fresh Menthol	5% Salt
myBlu	US	Closed pod	Rich Tobacco	2.4% Freebase
myBlu	US	Closed pod	Menthol	2.4% Freebase
ACE	US	Closed pod	Classic Tobacco	5% Salt
ACE	US	Closed pod	Menthol	5% Salt
PHIX	US	Closed pod	Original Blend (Tobacco)	5% Salt
PHIX	US	Closed pod	Tobacco Menthol	5% Salt
RELX Classic	CAN	Closed pod	Classic Tobacco	5% Salt
RELX Classic	CAN	Closed pod	Mint	5% Salt
RELX Classic	CAN	Closed pod	Tangy Purple	3% Salt
RELX Classic	CAN	Closed pod	Peach Oolong	3% Salt
JUUL	CAN	Closed pod	Mint	5% Salt
JUUL	CAN	Closed pod	Golden Tobacco	5% Salt
Alto	US	Closed pod	Rich Tobacco	5% Salt
Alto	US	Closed pod	Menthol	5% Salt
Alto	US	Closed pod	Rich Tobacco	2.4% Salt
Alto	US	Closed pod	Menthol	2.4% Salt
Alto	US	Closed pod	Rich Tobacco	1.8% Salt
Alto	US	Closed pod	Menthol	1.8% Salt
Solo	US	Closed cigalike	Original (Tobacco)	4.8% Salt
Solo	US	Closed cigalike	Menthol	4.8% Salt
BIDI Stick	US	Closed disposable	Classic (Tobacco)	6% Salt
BIDI Stick	US	Closed disposable	Artic (Menthol)	6% Salt
BIDI Stick	US	Closed disposable	Gold	6% Salt
South Beach Smoke	US	Closed cigalike	Tobacco	2.4% Freebase
South Beach Smoke	US	Closed cigalike	Menthol	2.4% Freebase
iWũ¹ (15W Max; 1.3Ω)	US	Open refillable pod	Mr. Salt-E Tobacco	4.5% Salt
iWũ¹ (15W Max; 1.3Ω)	US	Open refillable pod	Mr. Salt-E Menthol	4.5% Salt
Nord 4² (12W; 0.4Ω)	US	Open refillable pod	Mr. Salt-E Tobacco	4.5% Salt
Nord 4² (12W; 0.4Ω)	US	Open refillable pod	Mr. Salt-E Menthol	4.5% Salt
Zumwalt¹ (13W Max; 1.2Ω)	US	Open refillable pod	Mr. Salt-E Tobacco	4.5% Salt
Zumwalt¹ (13W Max; 1.2Ω)	US	Open refillable pod	Mr. Salt-E Menthol	4.5% Salt
Renova ZERO² (10.5W; 1.3Ω)	US	Open refillable pod	Mr. Salt-E Tobacco	4.5% Salt
Renova ZERO² (10.5W; 1.3Ω)	US	Open refillable pod	Mr. Salt-E Menthol	4.5% Salt

1 Non-adjustable power settings;

2 Power output set to medium (or middle) based on manufacturer range or coil type max; Brackets = (Output Wattage Setting; Coil Resistance);

3 Note: information was gathered directly from consumer-facing media, including manufacturer website, retailer website, and/or any included product literature. For most products, the accuracy of specifications published on consumer-facing media was not verifiable by other means.

Table 2.

HPHCs and chemicals analyzed in ENDS aerosol.

Classification of HPHCs and chemicals	Main text	Supplemental only
Primary constituents	Nicotine, propylene glycol (PG), glycerol, menthol	Water
Carbonyls	Acetaldehyde, acetyl propionyl, acrolein, n-butyraldehyde, crotonaldehyde, diacetyl, formaldehyde	NA
Metals	Chomium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn)	Arsenic (As), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), selenium (Se), silver (Ag), Tin (Sn)
Glycidol	Glycidol	NA

[i] NA = not applicable

Table 3.

Market ENDS HPHCs and chemicals in aerosol – primary constituents (per puff).

Parameter/constituent		Rich Tobacco	Classic Tobacco	Tobacco	Golden Tobacco	Rich Tobacco	Rich Tobacco	Rich Tobacco	Classic Tobacco
		2.40%	5.00%	4.80%	5.00%	5.00%	2.40%	1.80%	5.00%
		MyBlu	ACE	Solo	JUUL	Alto	Alto	Alto	RELX
*Primary constituents*
	ISO 20768 puff count	262	360	156	371	363	339	355	297
	Intense puff count	104	213	114	229	140	167	190	140
Device mass loss (mg)
	ISO 20768	6.08 ± 0.18	4.62 ± 0.38	2.46 ± 0.19	1.30 ± 0.12	4.07 ± 0.58	3.75 ± 0.76	3.51 ± 0.89	6.58 ± 0.29
	Intense	14.01 ± 1.39	7.97 ± 0.33	3.73 ± 0.12	2.21 ± 0.38	9.88 ± 0.96	9.07 ± 0.94	9.44 ± 0.95	12.78 ± 1.19
Nicotine (mg)
	ISO 20768	0.114 ± 0.005	0.196 ± 0.017	0.097 ± 0.011	0.061 ± 0.006	0.178 ± 0.024	0.079 ± 0.02	0.055 ± 0.021	0.276 ± 0.011
	Intense	0.244 ± 0.019	0.333 ± 0.035	0.147 ± 0.006	0.100 ± 0.019	0.440 ± 0.026	0.206 ± 0.027	0.150 ± 0.018	0.532 ± 0.054
Propylene glycol (mg)
	ISO 20768	1.99 ± 0.19	1.31 ± 0.12	0.345 ± 0.042	0.301 ± 0.027	1.31 ± 0.20	1.34 ± 0.32	1.27 ± 0.47	1.21 ± 0.06
	Intense	4.37 ± 0.39	2.15 ± 0.23	0.53 ± 0.02	0.53 ± 0.10	3.22 ± 0.20	3.58 ± 0.44	3.38 ± 0.34	2.40 ± 0.25
Glycerol (mg)
	ISO 20768	2.89 ± 0.13	1.92 ± 0.17	1.39 ± 0.16	0.79 ± 0.07	1.73 ± 0.20	1.71 ± 0.33	1.62 ± 0.46	3.32 ± 0.13
	Intense	6.14 ± 0.58	3.32 ± 0.34	2.05 ± 0.08	1.33 ± 0.25	4.38 ± 0.28	4.27 ± 0.42	4.27 ± 0.42	6.55 ± 0.51

Parameter/constituent		Original Blend	Signature Tobacco	Classic	Tobacco	Mr. Salt-E Tobacco
		5.00%	5.00%	6.00%	2.40%	45mg/mL	45mg/mL	45mg/mL	45mg/mL
		PHIX	Glas	BIDI Stick	SBS	iWũ	Nord 4	Zumwalt	Renova Zero
*Primary constituents*
	ISO 20768 puff count	195	191	201	207	448	338	163	163
	Intense puff count	89	84	100	128	193	139	87	89
Device mass loss (mg)
	ISO 20768	6.90 ± 0.55	5.72 ± 1.12	4.56 ± 0.21	3.13 ± 0.26	4.10 ± 0.43	11.41 ± 0.37	8.26 ± 0.22	13.17 ± 0.92
	Intense	16.28 ± 0.97	13.81 ± 1.95	9.93 ± 0.76	6.80 ± 0.17	10.75 ± 1.39	27.70 ± 2.52	20.77 ± 0.76	23.90 ± 1.43
Nicotine (mg)
	ISO 20768	0.256 ± 0.022	0.250 ± 0.042	0.204 ± 0.030	0.061 ± 0.006	0.144 ± 0.013	0.384 ± 0.021	0.325 ± 0.009	0.407 ± 0.030
	Intense	0.559 ± 0.036	0.586 ± 0.072	0.439 ± 0.032	0.115 ± 0.001	0.360 ± 0.048	0.952 ± 0.082	0.704 ± 0.021	0.782 ± 0.098
Propylene glycol (mg)
	ISO 20768	1.66 ± 0.15	2.33 ± 0.46	2.00 ± 0.28	1.89 ± 0.17	0.944 ± 0.085	2.66 ± 0.12	2.04 ± 0.07	2.55 ± 0.25
	Intense	3.71 ± 0.28	5.57 ± 0.78	4.17 ± 0.30	3.56 ± 0.04	2.33 ± 0.31	6.49 ± 0.62	4.42 ± 0.18	4.93 ± 0.64
Glycerol (mg)
	ISO 20768	3.53 ± 0.29	1.93 ± 0.36	1.11 ± 0.17	0.92 ± 0.09	2.03 ± 0.31	5.86 ± 0.16	4.52 ± 0.12	6.54 ± 0.39
	Intense	7.88 ± 0.47	4.64 ± 0.54	2.39 ± 0.18	1.77 ± 0.04	4.53 ± 0.58	12.88 ± 1.31	10.03 ± 0.26	11.16 ± 1.25

Parameter/constituent		Menthol	Menthol	Menthol	Cool Mint	Menthol	Menthol	Menthol
		2.40%	5.00%	4.80%	5.00%	5.00%	2.40%	1.80%
		MyBlu	ACE	Solo	JUUL	Alto	Alto	Alto
*Primary constituents*
	ISO 20768 puff count	323	405	149	455	260	272	271
	Intense puff count	127	149	111	223	123	126	135
Device mass loss (mg)
	ISO 20768	5.08 ± 0.08	4.55 ± 0.10	2.64 ± 0.14	1.16 ± 0.16	5.64 ± 0.17	6.47 ± 0.43	5.74 ± 0.64
	Intense	12.88 ± 0.09	11.16 ± 1.10	3.91 ± 0.13	2.01 ± 0.16	14.30 ± 0.78	13.74 ± 0.41	13.08 ± 1.18
Nicotine (mg)
	ISO 20768	0.101 ± 0.001	0.186 ± 0.002	0.104 ± 0.006	0.054 ± 0.006	0.247 ± 0.005	0.149 ± 0.010	0.091 ± 0.010
	Intense	0.252 ± 0.013	0.467 ± 0.068	0.156 ± 0.007	0.09 ± 0.01	0.586 ± 0.061	0.329 ± 0.008	0.210 ± 0.022
Propylene glycol (mg)
	ISO 20768	1.29 ± 0.01	1.30 ± 0.03	0.53 ± 0.03	0.27 ± 0.03	1.74 ± 0.07	2.40 ± 0.18	2.04 ± 0.20
	Intense	3.25 ± 0.18	3.14 ± 0.44	0.81 ± 0.03	0.46 ± 0.03	4.25 ± 0.52	5.35 ± 0.20	4.72 ± 0.49
Glycerol (mg)
	ISO 20768	2.89 ± 0.04	1.85 ± 0.04	1.29 ± 0.08	0.67 ± 0.07	2.40 ± 0.05	2.95 ± 0.19	2.50 ± 0.26
	Intense	7.23 ± 0.32	4.70 ± 0.62	1.91 ± 0.09	1.10 ± 0.05	5.87 ± 0.55	6.63 ± 0.13	5.72 ± 0.53
Menthol (mg)
	ISO 20768	0.0289 ± 0.0005	0.0096 ± 0.0004	0.011 ± 0.001	0.009 ± 0.001	0.047 ± 0.001	0.052 ± 0.004	0.041 ± 0.005
	Intense	0.073 ± 0.003	0.023 ± 0.003	0.014 ± 0.001	0.013 ± 0.001	0.121 ± 0.016	0.137 ± 0.004	0.105 ± 0.017

Parameter/constituent		Mint	Fruit Tea	Tangy Purple	Tobacco Menthol	Menthol	Arctic	Gold	Menthol
		5.00%	3.00%	3.00%	5.00%	5.00%	6.00%	6.00%	2.40%
		RELX	RELX	RELX	PHIX	Glas	BIDI Stick	BIDI Stick	SBS
*Primary constituents*
	ISO 20768 puff count	294	332	330	192	206	181	213	325
	Intense puff count	139	220	177	93	110	87	89	106
Device mass loss (mg)
	ISO 20768	6.48 ± 0.23	5.50 ± 0.31	5.33 ± 0.34	6.62 ± 1.14	5.77 ± 0.45	4.84 ± 0.09	4.70 ± 0.10	2.48 ± 0.12
	Intense	12.78 ± 0.85	9.44 ± 0.05	9.19 ± 2.60	15.08 ± 1.21	11.47 ± 0.11	11.09 ± 0.34	11.07 ± 0.46	6.96 ± 0.29
Nicotine (mg)
	ISO 20768	0.277 ± 0.013	0.143 ± 0.008	0.146 ± 0.009	0.253 ± 0.042	0.238 ± 0.023	0.242 ± 0.007	0.266 ± 0.008	0.045 ± 0.003
	Intense	0.538 ± 0.045	0.243 ± 0.008	0.252 ± 0.086	0.555 ± 0.063	0.486 ± 0.022	0.564 ± 0.031	0.528 ± 0.019	0.122 ± 0.005
Propylene glycol (mg)
	ISO 20768	0.94 ± 0.05	1.42 ± 0.10	1.75 ± 0.15	1.45 ± 0.25	2.33 ± 0.22	1.67 ± 0.07	2.37 ± 0.07	1.34 ± 0.07
	Intense	1.92 ± 0.16	2.57 ± 0.10	3.13 ± 1.09	3.24 ± 0.45	4.80 ± 0.20	3.80 ± 0.23	4.55 ± 0.19	3.66 ± 0.15
Glycerol (mg)
	ISO 20768	3.23 ± 0.13	2.38 ± 0.12	2.10 ± 0.12	3.63 ± 0.62	1.95 ± 0.22	1.55 ± 0.06	1.19 ± 0.06	0.72 ± 0.05
	Intense	6.51 ± 0.52	4.08 ± 0.11	3.78 ± 1.03	8.19 ± 0.71	4.01 ± 0.19	3.58 ± 0.24	2.41 ± 0.07	2.07 ± 0.08
Menthol (mg)
	ISO 20768	0.124 ± 0.006	0.043 ± 0.003	0.027 ± 0.002	0.043 ± 0.008	0.026 ± 0.002	0.084 ± 0.003	BLOD (0.0009)	0.027 ± 0.001
	Intense	0.275 ± 0.021	0.077 ± 0.003	0.049 ± 0.017	0.089 ± 0.014	0.053 ± 0.002	0.202 ± 0.012	BLOD (0.002)	0.077 ± 0.006

Parameter/constituent		Mr. Salt-E Menthol Ice
		45 mg/mL	45 mg/mL	45 mg/mL	45 mg/mL
		iWũ	Nord 4	Zumwalt	Renova Zero
*Primary constituents*
	ISO 20768 puff count	369	294	168	142
	Intense puff count	126	132	80	77
Device mass loss (mg)
	ISO 20768	5.62 ± 0.31	13.24 ± 0.66	7.91 ± 0.24	14.88 ± 1.07
	Intense	15.30 ± 1.59	34.16 ± 2.43	22.94 ± 0.90	28.80 ± 1.43
Nicotine (mg)
	ISO 20768	0.213 ± 0.008	0.517 ± 0.091	0.294 ± 0.008	0.449 ± 0.036
	Intense	0.529 ± 0.054	1.109 ± 0.093	0.787 ± 0.064	0.884 ± 0.040
Propylene glycol (mg)
	ISO 20768	1.55 ± 0.06	3.68 ± 0.65	2.05 ± 0.07	3.24 ± 0.41
	Intense	3.73 ± 0.37	8.42 ± 0.71	5.53 ± 0.37	6.18 ± 0.28
Glycerol (mg)
	ISO 20768	2.78 ± 0.18	7.18 ± 1.31	4.08 ± 0.09	6.51 ± 0.41
	Intense	6.74 ± 0.66	15.31 ± 1.13	10.44 ± 0.61	11.78 ± 0.45
Menthol (mg)
	ISO 20768	0.061 ± 0.003	0.168 ± 0.034	0.087 ± 0.003	0.143 ± 0.016
	Intense	0.147 ± 0.014	0.337 ± 0.027	0.192 ± 0.013	0.282 ± 0.009

[i] BLOQ = Below limits of quantitation

[ii] BLOD = Below limits of detection

Table 4.

Market ENDS HPHCs and chemicals in aerosol – carbonyls (per puff).

Parameter/constituent		Rich Tobacco	Classic Tobacco	Tobacco	Golden Tobacco	Rich Tobacco	Rich Tobacco	Rich Tobacco	Classic Tobacco
		2.40%	5.00%	4.80%	5.00%	5.00%	2.40%	1.80%	5.00%
		MyBlu	ACE	Solo	JUUL	Alto	Alto	Alto	RELX
*Carbonyls*
	ISO 20768 puff count	262	360	156	371	363	339	355	297
	Intense puff count	104	213	114	229	140	167	190	140
Device mass loss (mg)
	ISO 20768	5.92 ± 0.44	4.57 ± 0.79	2.21 ± 0.09	1.26 ± 0.12	3.91 ± 0.45	4.27 ± 0.36	4.56 ± 0.45	6.27 ± 0.06
	Intense	14.79 ± 1.33	8.63 ± 0.64	3.31 ± 0.10	2.28 ± 0.29	10.81 ± 1.07	9.01 ± 1.55	9.70 ± 1.49	10.52 ± 1.42
Acetaldehyde (µg)
	ISO 20768	2.08 ± 0.97	0.45 ± 0.22	0.065 ± 0.022	0.017 ± 0.008	0.23 ± 0.15	0.38 ± 0.27	0.26 ± 0.09	0.056 ± 0.009
	Intense	38.99 ± 22.30	1.11 ± 1.00	0.14 ± 0.04	0.045 ± 0.045	0.42 ± 0.12	1.86 ± 1.07	1.30 ± 0.98	0.49 ± 0.47
Acetyl propionyl (µg)
	ISO 20768	0.010 ± 0.002	0.013 ± 0.005	BLOQ (0.007)	BLOD (0.0003)	0.017 ± 0.012	0.025 ± 0.012	0.019 ± 0.008	BLOQ (0.004)
	Intense	0.090 ± 0.039	0.009 ± 0.002	BLOD (0.001)	BLOD (0.0006)	0.021 ± 0.012	0.055 ± 0.022	0.049 ± 0.018	0.017 ± 0.015
Acrolein (µg)
	ISO 20768	0.61 ± 0.26	0.20 ± 0.12	0.022 ± 0.008	0.0092 ± 0.0032	0.14 ± 0.10	0.21 ± 0.10	0.17 ± 0.06	0.035 ± 0.012
	Intense	12.25 ± 4.91	0.59 ± 0.68	0.048 ± 0.014	0.026 ± 0.026	0.23 ± 0.10	1.02 ± 0.57	0.21 ± 0.10	0.43 ± 0.36
n-Butyraldehyde (µg)
	ISO 20768	0.009 ± 0.007	BLOQ (0.003)	BLOD (0.0007)	BLOD (0.0003)	0.005 ± 0.001	0.007 ± 0.002	0.006 ± 0.001	BLOQ (0.004)
	Intense	0.197 ± 0.112	BLOD (0.0007)	BLOD (0.001)	BLOD (0.0006)	BLOD (0.001)	0.0209 ± 0.005	0.0170 ± 0.004	BLOQ (0.009)
Crotonaldehyde (µg)
	ISO 20768	0.0074 ± 0.0044	BLOQ (0.003)	BLOD (0.001)	BLOD (0.0003)	BLOQ (0.003)	BLOQ (0.003)	BLOQ (0.003)	BLOD (0.0004)
	Intense	0.049 ± 0.019	BLOQ (0.006)	BLOD (0.002)	BLOD (0.0006)	BLOD (0.0009)	BLOQ (0.007)	BLOQ (0.008)	BLOQ (0.009)
Diacetyl (µg)
	ISO 20768	0.074 ± 0.013	0.048 ± 0.02	BLOQ (0.007)	BLOQ (0.003)	0.052 ± 0.044	0.086 ± 0.046	0.058 ± 0.028	0.007 ± 0.003
	Intense	0.488 ± 0.194	0.034 ± 0.011	BLOQ (0.01)	BLOQ (0.006)	0.076 ± 0.040	0.270 ± 0.101	0.1597 ± 0.067	0.080 ± 0.066
Formaldehyde (µg)
	ISO 20768	4.69 ± 2.60	0.29 ± 0.30	0.081 ± 0.042	0.084 ± 0.042	0.13 ± 0.11	0.40 ± 0.45	0.21 ± 0.15	0.12 ± 0.01
	Intense	82.1 ± 40.3	1.56 ± 2.06	0.24 ± 0.10	0.27 ± 0.31	0.26 ± 0.07	3.57 ± 2.39	1.77 ± 2.12	1.12 ± 1.14

Parameter/constituent		Original Blend	Signature Tobacco	Classic	Tobacco	Mr. Salt-E Tobacco
		5.00%	5.00%	6.00%	2.40%	45 mg/mL	45 mg/mL	45 mg/mL	45 mg/mL
		PHIX	Glas	BIDI Stick	SBS	iWũ	Nord 4	Zumwalt	Renova Zero
*Carbonyls*
	ISO 20768 puff count	195	191	201	207	448	338	163	163
	Intense puff count	89	84	100	128	193	139	87	89
Device mass loss (mg)
	ISO 20768	6.54 ± 0.41	5.77 ± 0.74	4.5 ± 0.16	2.99 ± 0.33	4.22 ± 0.48	13.53 ± 0.86	7.82 ± 2.21	11.35 ± 0.53
	Intense	16.76 ± 0.30	13.90 ± 1.08	10.24 ± 0.67	6.58 ± 0.11	11.26 ± 0.39	33.39 ± 2.64	13.12 ± 5.50	25.12 ± 0.82
Acetaldehyde (µg)
	ISO 20768	0.22 ± 0.06	0.88 ± 1.67	0.035 ± 0.005	1.58 ± 1.86	1.35 ± 1.33	0.44 ± 0.08	18.92 ± 34.26	0.22 ± 0.05
	Intense	4.14 ± 3.91	1.78 ± 3.37	0.13 ± 0.08	15.56 ± 7.32	17.62 ± 13.71	2.04 ± 0.66	6.38 ± 4.98	15.49 ± 1.08
Acetyl propionyl (µg)
	ISO 20768	BLOQ (0.006)	0.007 ± 0.004	BLOQ (0.006)	BLOQ (0.001)	0.015 ± 0.008	0.009 ± 0.003	0.047 ± 0.044	BLOQ (0.007)
	Intense	0.026 ± 0.005	0.017 ± 0.012	BLOQ (0.01)	0.013 ± 0.002	0.053 ± 0.032	0.039 ± 0.015	0.037 ± 0.026	0.036 ± 0.003
Acrolein (µg)
	ISO 20768	0.50 ± 0.17	0.32 ± 0.51	0.021 ± 0.006	0.070 ± 0.050	1.20 ± 0.35	0.72 ± 0.11	2.45 ± 2.29	0.17 ± 0.05
	Intense	3.89 ± 2.36	0.66 ± 1.15	0.077 ± 0.050	4.59 ± 1.67	8.76 ± 4.26	2.49 ± 0.68	4.43 ± 1.96	8.44 ± 0.82
n-Butyraldehyde (µg)
	ISO 20768	BLOD (0.002)	BLOD (0.002)	BLOD (0.001)	BLOD (0.002)	0.025 ± 0.019	0.016 ± 0.001	0.204 ± 0.36	0.0141 ± 0.0003
	Intense	BLOQ (0.01)	BLOD (0.02)	BLOD (0.01)	0.019 ± 0.011	0.197 ± 0.130	0.056 ± 0.014	0.081 ± 0.038	0.207 ± 0.049
Crotonaldehyde (µg)
	ISO 20768	BLOD (0.001)	BLOQ (0.006)	BLOD (0.001)	BLOD (0.001)	0.015 ± 0.012	BLOQ (0.003)	0.021 ± 0.024	BLOD (0.002)
	Intense	0.017 ± 0.019	BLOQ (0.02)	BLOD (0.01)	0.0145 ± 0.006	0.069 ± 0.026	0.011 ± 0.006	0.084 ± 0.097	0.150 ± 0.017
Diacetyl (µg)
	ISO 20768	0.015 ± 0.008	0.023 ± 0.017	0.008 ± 0.003	BLOQ (0.001)	0.059 ± 0.019	0.031 ± 0.007	0.157 ± 0.153	BLOQ (0.007)
	Intense	0.085 ± 0.030	0.056 ± 0.053	0.028 ± 0.014	0.103 ± 0.026	0.225 ± 0.120	0.140 ± 0.054	0.160 ± 0.077	0.198 ± 0.021
Formaldehyde (µg)
	ISO 20768	0.085 ± 0.013	0.93 ± 1.95	0.24 ± 0.03	1.50 ± 1.52	1.54 ± 1.70	0.11 ± 0.03	30.4 ± 50.77	0.066 ± 0.006
	Intense	5.71 ± 6.20	2.31 ± 4.74	0.60 ± 0.11	19.98 ± 10.31	36.34 ± 28.96	0.75 ± 0.48	8.59 ± 9.40	28.44 ± 2.59

Parameter/constituent		Menthol	Menthol	Menthol	Cool Mint	Menthol	Menthol	Menthol
		2.40%	5.00%	4.80%	5.00%	5.00%	2.40%	1.80%
		MyBlu	ACE	Solo	JUUL	Alto	Alto	Alto
*Carbonyls*
	ISO 20768 puff count	323	405	149	455	260	272	271
	Intense puff count	127	149	111	223	123	126	135
Device mass loss (mg)
	ISO 20768	5.14 ± 0.02	3.98 ± 0.19	2.25 ± 0.10	1.15 ± 0.13	5.5 ± 0.25	6.1 ± 0.32	5.49 ± 0.39
	Intense	13.08 ± 0.22	9.56 ± 0.47	3.24 ± 0.09	2.11 ± 0.24	11.69 ± 0.94	12.97 ± 0.60	12.57 ± 0.76
Acetaldehyde (µg)
	ISO 20768	2.05 ± 0.32	0.37 ± 0.09	0.048 ± 0.010	0.013 ± 0.003	0.096 ± 0.016	0.055 ± 0.006	0.062 ± 0.011
	Intense	4.56 ± 3.79	1.07 ± 0.70	0.20 ± 0.09	0.023 ± 0.005	0.21 ± 0.03	0.15 ± 0.06	0.17 ± 0.04
Acetyl propionyl (µg)
	ISO 20768	BLOQ (0.004)	0.018 ± 0.008	BLOQ (0.008)	BLOD (0.0004)	0.006 ± 0.002	BLOQ (0.004)	BLOQ (0.004)
	Intense	0.010 ± 0.003	0.040 ± 0.033	BLOQ (0.01)	BLOD (0.0006)	BLOQ (0.01)	BLOQ (0.01)	BLOQ (0.01)
Acrolein (µg)
	ISO 20768	1.27 ± 0.14	0.19 ± 0.08	0.022 ± 0.002	0.007 ± 0.001	0.030 ± 0.011	0.022 ± 0.008	0.035 ± 0.018
	Intense	3.43 ± 2.71	0.62 ± 0.44	0.084 ± 0.065	0.012 ± 0.004	0.071 ± 0.011	0.084 ± 0.070	0.093 ± 0.026
n-Butyraldehyde (µg)
	ISO 20768	0.014 ± 0.003	BLOQ (0.003)	BLOD (0.0008)	BLOQ (0.002)	BLOQ (0.004)	BLOD (0.0004)	BLOQ (0.004)
	Intense	0.022 ± 0.021	BLOD (0.001)	BLOQ (0.01)	BLOQ (0.01)	BLOD (0.001)	BLOQ (0.01)	BLOQ (0.01)
Crotonaldehyde (µg)
	ISO 20768	0.015 ± 0.002	BLOQ (0.003)	BLOD (0.001)	BLOD (0.0002)	BLOD (0.0006)	BLOD (0.0007)	BLOD (0.0007)
	Intense	0.029 ± 0.020	BLOQ (0.009)	BLOD (0.002)	BLOD (0.0006)	BLOD (0.001)	BLOD (0.001)	BLOD (0.001)
Diacetyl (µg)
	ISO 20768	0.020 ± 0.003	0.074 ± 0.029	BLOQ (0.008)	BLOQ (0.003)	0.006 ± 0.003	0.006 ± 0.003	0.012 ± 0.005
	Intense	0.047 ± 0.024	0.219 ± 0.167	BLOQ (0.01)	BLOQ (0.01)	0.015 ± 0.002	0.018 ± 0.019	0.023 ± 0.008
Formaldehyde (µg)
	ISO 20768	2.72 ± 0.51	0.26 ± 0.06	0.063 ± 0.016	0.054 ± 0.019	0.055 ± 0.019	0.057 ± 0.020	0.057 ± 0.012
	Intense	9.34 ± 9.83	1.21 ± 1.03	0.49 ± 0.39	0.11 ± 0.05	0.13 ± 0.05	0.13 ± 0.07	0.22 ± 0.26

Parameter/constituent		Mint	Fruit Tea	Tangy Purple	Tobacco Menthol	Menthol	Arctic	Gold	Menthol
		5.00%	3.00%	3.00%	5.00%	5.00%	6.00%	6.00%	2.40%
		RELX	RELX	RELX	PHIX	Glas	BIDI Stick	BIDI Stick	SBS
*Carbonyls*
	ISO 20768 puff count	294	332	330	192	206	181	213	325
	Intense puff count	139	220	177	93	110	87	89	106
Device mass loss (mg)
	ISO 20768	5.87 ± 0.84	5.00 ± 0.39	4.96 ± 1.22	5.79 ± 0.74	5.57 ± 0.39	4.66 ± 0.19	4.56 ± 0.39	2.45 ± 0.23
	Intense	11.98 ± 1.08	8.70 ± 0.95	9.97 ± 1.31	15.81 ± 0.54	11.60 ± 0.15	10.83 ± 0.42	10.37 ± 0.56	6.46 ± 0.28
Acetaldehyde (µg)
	ISO 20768	0.22 ± 0.05	0.062 ± 0.017	0.051 ± 0.006	0.19 ± 0.12	0.60 ± 1.18	0.020 ± 0.007	0.041 ± 0.016	0.62 ± 0.88
	Intense	0.72 ± 0.38	1.79 ± 1.47	0.47 ± 0.22	3.27 ± 3.35	6.85 ± 0.91	0.69 ± 0.99	0.088 ± 0.038	4.36 ± 2.19
Acetyl propionyl (µg)
	ISO 20768	BLOQ (0.004)	BLOQ (0.003)	BLOQ (0.003)	BLOQ (0.006)	BLOQ (0.005)	BLOD (0.0006)	BLOQ (0.005)	BLOQ (0.003)
	Intense	0.020 ± 0.013	0.010 ± 0.005	BLOQ (0.007)	0.030 ± 0.025	0.030 ± 0.006	BLOQ (0.02)	BLOQ (0.01)	BLOQ (0.01)
Acrolein (µg)
	ISO 20768	0.090 ± 0.052	0.084 ± 0.015	0.081 ± 0.026	0.47 ± 0.33	0.110 ± 0.201	0.022 ± 0.012	0.023 ± 0.010	0.19 ± 0.26
	Intense	0.42 ± 0.30	1.47 ± 1.32	0.60 ± 0.09	4.13 ± 3.40	2.19 ± 0.56	0.43 ± 0.50	0.085 ± 0.038	0.58 ± 0.53
n-Butyraldehyde (µg)
	ISO 20768	BLOQ (0.004)	BLOQ (0.003)	BLOQ (0.003)	BLOD (0.002)	BLOD (0.002)	BLOQ (0.006)	BLOD (0.002)	BLOD (0.001)
	Intense	BLOQ (0.01)	0.0066 ± 0.004	BLOQ (0.01)	BLOQ (0.01)	BLOQ (0.01)	BLOD (0.002)	BLOD (0.001)	BLOD (0.001)
Crotonaldehyde (µg)
	ISO 20768	BLOD (0.0004)	BLOD (0.0003)	BLOD (0.0003)	BLOD (0.001)	BLOQ (0.005)	BLOD (0.0006)	BLOD (0.0009)	BLOQ (0.003)
	Intense	BLOQ (0.01)	BLOQ (0.01)	BLOQ (0.01)	0.017 ± 0.020	0.043 ± 0.004	BLOQ (0.02)	BLOD (0.001)	BLOQ (0.01)
Diacetyl (µg)
	ISO 20768	0.022 ± 0.014	0.007 ± 0.002	0.005 ± 0.001	0.007 ± 0.009	0.013 ± 0.014	BLOQ (0.006)	BLOQ (0.005)	0.005 ± 0.003
	Intense	0.098 ± 0.062	0.074 ± 0.036	0.034 ± 0.010	0.122 ± 0.110	0.135 ± 0.054	0.044 ± 0.029	BLOQ (0.02)	0.030 ± 0.042
Formaldehyde (µg)
	ISO 20768	0.32 ± 0.10	0.10 ± 0.03	0.061 ± 0.007	0.094 ± 0.052	0.76 ± 1.59	0.10 ± 0.02	0.15 ± 0.13	1.12 ± 1.69
	Intense	1.32 ± 1.22	8.63 ± 12.34	1.15 ± 0.68	4.73 ± 5.37	9.34 ± 2.67	1.38 ± 1.79	0.35 ± 0.21	4.69 ± 2.63

Parameter/constituent		Mr. Salt-E Menthol Ice
		45mg/mL	45mg/mL	45mg/mL	45mg/mL
		iWũ	Nord 4	Zumwalt	Renova Zero
*Carbonyls*
	ISO 20768 puff count	369	294	168	142
	Intense puff count	126	132	80	77
Device mass loss (mg)
	ISO 20768	5.38 ± 0.26	13.68 ± 1.06	8.96 ± 1.25	9.9 ± 1.64
	Intense	16.54 ± 0.54	37.28 ± 2.30	12.09 ± 5.61	25.36 ± 4.38
Acetaldehyde (µg)
	ISO 20768	1.79 ± 1.33	0.10 ± 0.02	2.99 ± 3.26	0.12 ± 0.04
	Intense	2.06 ± 1.74	0.75 ± 0.26	6.82 ± 3.88	14.16 ± 11.69
Acetyl propionyl (µg)
	ISO 20768	0.007 ± 0.004	BLOD (0.0005)	0.011 ± 0.020	BLOQ (0.008)
	Intense	BLOQ (0.01)	0.010 ± 0.005	BLOQ (0.02)	BLOQ (0.02)
Acrolein (µg)
	ISO 20768	1.68 ± 1.22	0.17 ± 0.08	2.60 ± 2.85	0.048 ± 0.026
	Intense	2.55 ± 1.00	1.57 ± 0.57	5.34 ± 3.85	7.53 ± 6.01
n-Butyraldehyde (µg)
	ISO 20768	0.055 ± 0.007	BLOD (0.001)	0.032 ± 0.040	BLOD (0.001)
	Intense	BLOQ (0.01)	BLOQ (0.01)	0.064 ± 0.039	0.120 ± 0.105
Crotonaldehyde (µg)
	ISO 20768	0.012 ± 0.013	BLOD (0.001)	0.021 ± 0.025	BLOD (0.001)
	Intense	0.014 ± 0.019	BLOQ (0.01)	0.085 ± 0.051	0.095 ± 0.069
Diacetyl (µg)
	ISO 20768	0.031 ± 0.019	BLOQ (0.004)	0.047 ± 0.071	BLOQ (0.008)
	Intense	0.051 ± 0.030	0.052 ± 0.035	0.084 ± 0.044	0.061 ± 0.041
Formaldehyde (µg)
	ISO 20768	3.65 ± 2.57	0.079 ± 0.014	4.19 ± 5.02	0.11 ± 0.07
	Intense	2.84 ± 3.05	1.17 ± 1.41	9.27 ± 5.49	21.57 ± 17.82

[i] BLOQ: Below limits of quantitation, BLOD: Below limits of detection

Table 5.

Market ENDS HPHCs and chemicals in aerosol – metals (per puff).

Parameter/constituent		Rich Tobacco	Classic Tobacco	Tobacco	Golden Tobacco	Rich Tobacco	Rich Tobacco	Rich Tobacco	Classic Tobacco
		2.40%	5.00%	4.80%	5.00%	5.00%	2.40%	1.80%	5.00%
		MyBlu	ACE	Solo	JUUL	Alto	Alto	Alto	RELX
*Metals*
	ISO 20768 puff count	262	360	156	371	363	339	355	297
	Intense puff count	104	213	114	229	140	167	190	140
Device mass loss (mg)
	ISO 20768	6.07 ± 0.27	5.11 ± 0.14	2.53 ± 0.05	1.06 ± 0.19	4.23 ± 0.47	5.13 ± 0.40	4.93 ± 0.43	6.16 ± 1.37
	Intense	14.55 ± 0.71	8.92 ± 0.45	3.25 ± 0.07	2.17 ± 0.64	10.81 ± 1.11	9.02 ± 1.62	10.28 ± 0.78	12.06 ± 2.30
Chromium (ng)
	ISO 20768	1.47 ± 1.14	0.59 ± 0.10	BLOD (0.06)	BLOD (0.03)	BLOQ (0.1)	BLOQ (0.1)	BLOQ (0.1)	BLOQ (0.2)
	Intense	2.92 ± 3.64	0.72 ± 0.27	BLOD (0.09)	BLOQ (0.2)	BLOQ (0.4)	BLOQ (0.3)	BLOD (0.06)	BLOD (0.07)
Copper (ng)
	ISO 20768	BLOD (0.1)	1.93 ± 0.8	BLOQ (0.5)	BLOD (0.1)	1.81 ± 1.39	2.77 ± 3.71	BLOQ (0.2)	0.77 ± 0.48
	Intense	BLOD (0.27)	3.85 ± 0.61	BLOQ (0.7)	BLOQ (0.3)	5.96 ± 9.27	10.88 ± 15.46	BLOQ (0.81)	0.77 ± 0.71
Iron (ng)
	ISO 20768	2.46 ± 0.87	1.43 ± 0.21	BLOD (0.6)	BLOD (0.3)	BLOD (0.3)	BLOD (0.3)	BLOD (0.3)	BLOQ (0.7)
	Intense	8.34 ± 3.45	1.25 ± 1.02	BLOD (1.8)	BLOQ (0.9)	BLOD (0.7)	BLOQ (1.1)	BLOD (0.6)	BLOD (0.7)
Lead (ng)
	ISO 20768	BLOQ (0.04)	2.77 ± 1.00	BLOD (0.02)	BLOD (0.01)	1.38 ± 1.35	BLOQ (0.03)	BLOD (0.01)	BLOQ (0.03)
	Intense	BLOD (0.02)	8.99 ± 4.97	BLOD (0.02)	BLOQ (0.04)	BLOD (0.02)	BLOD (0.01)	BLOD (0.01)	BLOD (0.02)
Nickel (ng)
	ISO 20768	1.1 ± 0.42	12.13 ± 2.71	0.084 ± 0.089	BLOD (0.01)	1.51 ± 0.88	0.47 ± 0.2	0.20 ± 0.05	1.11 ± 0.78
	Intense	3.20 ± 1.62	12.17 ± 6.57	BLOD (0.04)	0.12 ± 0.23	2.05 ± 1.76	1.05 ± 0.42	0.40 ± 0.15	1.03 ± 0.72
Zinc (ng)
	ISO 20768	BLOD (0.6)	25.87 ± 5.93	BLOD (1.0)	BLOD (0.4)	15.91 ± 15.57	7.26 ± 5.71	1.42 ± 1.32	11.7 ± 8.5
	Intense	BLOD (1.4)	48.55 ± 15.47	BLOQ (3.1)	BLOQ (1.6)	8.75 ± 5.54	17.38 ± 14.66	BLOQ (2.1)	8.55 ± 3.54

Parameter/constituent		Original Blend	Signature Tobacco	Classic	Tobacco	Mr. Salt-E Tobacco
		5.00%	5.00%	6.00%	2.40%	45 mg/mL	45 mg/mL	45 mg/mL	45 mg/mL
		PHIX	Glas	BIDI Stick	SBS	iWũ	Nord 4	Zumwalt	Renova Zero
*Metals*
	ISO 20768 puff count	195	191	201	207	448	338	163	163
	Intense puff count	89	84	100	128	193	139	87	89
Device mass loss (mg)
	ISO 20768	6.42 ± 0.57	6.22 ± 0.37	4.80 ± 0.15	3.49 ± 0.20	3.66 ± 0.22	12.60 ± 1.20	8.62 ± 0.54	11.44 ± 0.81
	Intense	14.15 ± 1.04	15.01 ± 0.80	10.41 ± 0.40	6.55 ± 0.21	11.16 ± 0.75	31.10 ± 4.25	16.89 ± 2.73	25.55 ± 2.08
Chromium (ng)
	ISO 20768	BLOD (0.05)	1.04 ± 1.07	BLOQ (0.2)	BLOD (0.05)	BLOQ (0.1)	BLOQ (0.1)	1.13 ± 0.34	1.30 ± 1.15
	Intense	BLOD (0.1)	1.48 ± 0.58	BLOQ (0.5)	BLOD (0.08)	0.61 ± 1.30	0.72 ± 1.43	2.70 ± 1.70	3.01 ± 3.70
Copper (ng)
	ISO 20768	BLOQ (0.4)	17.74 ± 16.55	BLOD (0.1)	BLOQ (0.4)	BLOD (0.1)	0.86 ± 0.91	BLOD (0.2)	BLOQ (0.5)
	Intense	BLOQ (0.8)	28.34 ± 20.67	BLOD (0.3)	0.67 ± 0.60	BLOQ (0.4)	1.53 ± 2.20	BLOQ (0.9)	3.54 ± 3.13
Iron (ng)
	ISO 20768	BLOD (0.5)	7.81 ± 5.67	BLOD (0.5)	BLOD (0.5)	BLOD (0.2)	1.09 ± 0.35	5.00 ± 1.50	3.71 ± 1.87
	Intense	BLOD (1.1)	13.59 ± 4.11	BLOQ (2.0)	BLOQ (1.6)	BLOD (0.5)	3.52 ± 6.67	7.61 ± 5.30	9.76 ± 15.27
Lead (ng)
	ISO 20768	BLOQ (0.05)	4.22 ± 4.04	BLOQ (0.05)	BLOQ (0.05)	BLOQ (0.02)	0.48 ± 0.42	0.11 ± 0.06	BLOQ (0.06)
	Intense	BLOQ (0.1)	6.72 ± 5.20	BLOQ (0.1)	0.082 ± 0.120	1.24 ± 1.72	1.35 ± 2.40	0.19 ± 0.12	3.62 ± 4.60
Nickel (ng)
	ISO 20768	BLOQ (0.05)	30.85 ± 16.91	0.86 ± 0.2	0.12 ± 0.05	0.68 ± 0.40	5.47 ± 4.56	17.92 ± 9.57	0.62 ± 0.67
	Intense	0.23 ± 0.17	60.97 ± 23.36	1.50 ± 0.64	0.32 ± 0.34	4.41 ± 2.67	17.63 ± 25.85	26.65 ± 17.42	21.91 ± 24.42
Zinc (ng)
	ISO 20768	BLOQ (1.8)	29.87 ± 32.44	BLOQ (1.7)	BLOQ (1.7)	BLOD (0.3)	2.75 ± 2.42	2.49 ± 1.32	BLOD (0.9)
	Intense	BLOQ (3.9)	51.33 ± 49.12	4.60 ± 3.69	BLOQ (2.7)	10.25 ± 18.42	7.80 ± 10.14	9.60 ± 10.52	10.65 ± 10.48

Parameter/constituent		Menthol	Menthol	Menthol	Cool Mint	Menthol	Menthol	Menthol
		2.40%	5.00%	4.80%	5.00%	5.00%	2.40%	1.80%
		MyBlu	ACE	Solo	JUUL	Alto	Alto	Alto
*Metals*
	ISO 20768 puff count	323	405	149	455	260	272	271
	Intense puff count	127	149	111	223	123	126	135
Device mass loss (mg)
	ISO 20768	4.98 ± 0.07	4.31 ± 0.35	2.60 ± 0.07	1.15 ± 0.16	6.26 ± 0.12	6.59 ± 0.24	6.66 ± 0.29
	Intense	12.64 ± 0.34	9.91 ± 1.05	3.31 ± 0.15	2.01 ± 0.46	13.61 ± 0.96	13.77 ± 0.72	13.95 ± 0.33
Chromium (ng)
	ISO 20768	0.24 ± 0.28	0.29 ± 0.19	BLOD (0.07)	BLOD (0.02)	0.45 ± 0.04	0.33 ± 0.04	BLOQ (0.2)
	Intense	1.12 ± 1.29	0.72 ± 0.69	BLOD (0.09)	BLOD (0.04)	0.60 ± 0.09	0.64 ± 0.16	BLOQ (0.4)
Copper (ng)
	ISO 20768	BLOQ (0.2)	2.45 ± 1.52	BLOQ (0.5)	BLOD (0.1)	1.44 ± 0.70	1.11 ± 1.12	0.94 ± 0.58
	Intense	BLOD (0.2)	7.30 ± 2.60	BLOD (0.2)	BLOQ (0.3)	12.83 ± 8.87	12.22 ± 11.34	15.17 ± 5.77
Iron (ng)
	ISO 20768	BLOQ (0.6)	0.76 ± 0.41	BLOD (0.7)	BLOD (0.2)	0.95 ± 0.13	0.99 ± 0.11	0.83 ± 0.27
	Intense	BLOQ (1.6)	2.30 ± 1.14	BLOD (1.8)	BLOQ (0.9)	2.07 ± 0.51	2.16 ± 0.28	BLOQ (1.5)
Lead (ng)
	ISO 20768	0.15 ± 0.24	BLOQ (0.02)	BLOD (0.02)	BLOD (0.01)	0.20 ± 0.43	BLOQ (0.04)	BLOQ (0.04)
	Intense	BLOD (0.02)	BLOQ (0.07)	BLOD (0.02)	BLOD (0.01)	BLOQ (0.08)	BLOD (0.02)	BLOD (0.02)
Nickel (ng)
	ISO 20768	BLOQ (0.03)	3.57 ± 1.92	BLOQ (0.07)	BLOD (0.01)	5.23 ± 0.61	3.56 ± 0.55	2.42 ± 0.63
	Intense	BLOQ (0.1)	9.56 ± 5.64	BLOQ (0.1)	BLOD (0.04)	7.77 ± 1.73	6.80 ± 1.37	2.65 ± 1.33
Zinc (ng)
	ISO 20768	BLOQ (1.1)	48.55 ± 21.93	BLOQ (2.3)	BLOD (0.3)	6.90 ± 2.29	4.13 ± 1.42	12.69 ± 10.37
	Intense	BLOQ (2.8)	126.11 ± 39.58	BLOQ (3.2)	BLOD (0.7)	46.12 ± 28.96	25.10 ± 18.44	24.03 ± 9.66

Parameter/constituent		Mint	Fruit Tea	Tangy Purple	Tobacco Menthol	Menthol	Arctic	Gold	Menthol
		5.00%	3.00%	3.00%	5.00%	5.00%	6.00%	6.00%	2.40%
		RELX	RELX	RELX	PHIX	Glas	BIDI Stick	BIDI Stick	SBS
*Metals*
	ISO 20768 puff count	294	332	330	192	206	181	213	325
	Intense puff count	139	220	177	93	110	87	89	106
Device mass loss (mg)
	ISO 20768	5.82 ± 0.76	4.72 ± 1.24	5.90 ± 0.24	6.05 ± 1.09	5.65 ± 0.86	4.88 ± 0.31	4.94 ± 0.05	2.54 ± 0.06
	Intense	11.76 ± 1.71	8.29 ± 1.09	7.30 ± 2.65	15.47 ± 1.57	11.65 ± 0.11	11.37 ± 0.28	11.14 ± 0.25	6.65 ± 0.50
Chromium (ng)
	ISO 20768	BLOQ (0.2)	BLOQ (0.2)	0.25 ± 0.09	BLOD (0.05)	0.32 ± 0.24	BLOD (0.06)	BLOQ (0.2)	BLOD (0.03)
	Intense	BLOD (0.07)	BLOQ (0.2)	BLOQ (0.3)	BLOD (0.1)	0.55 ± 0.23	BLOQ (0.6)	BLOQ (0.6)	BLOD (0.09)
Copper (ng)
	ISO 20768	BLOQ (0.3)	3.25 ± 2.68	22.58 ± 7.68	BLOD (0.1)	4.41 ± 3.26	BLOD (0.1)	BLOQ (0.4)	BLOD (0.1)
	Intense	0.64 ± 0.52	13.57 ± 5.74	11.79 ± 13.99	BLOQ (0.8)	23.86 ± 11.26	BLOD (0.3)	BLOD (0.3)	BLOD (0.2)
Iron (ng)
	ISO 20768	BLOQ (0.7)	BLOQ (0.6)	1.51 ± 0.37	BLOD (0.5)	3.45 ± 2.37	BLOD (0.6)	BLOD (0.5)	BLOD (0.3)
	Intense	BLOQ (1.4)	BLOQ (0.9)	1.29 ± 0.82	BLOD (1.1)	4.93 ± 1.98	BLOD (1.1)	BLOD (1.1)	BLOD (0.9)
Lead (ng)
	ISO 20768	BLOD (0.01)	BLOD (0.01)	BLOQ (0.03)	BLOD (0.01)	0.49 ± 0.54	0.08 ± 0.11	0.17 ± 0.32	BLOD (0.01)
	Intense	BLOQ (0.07)	BLOQ (0.05)	BLOQ (0.06)	0.18 ± 0.17	4.34 ± 1.98	BLOQ (0.1)	BLOQ (0.1)	BLOD (0.02)
Nickel (ng)
	ISO 20768	0.72 ± 0.35	0.41 ± 0.20	4.77 ± 1.76	BLOQ (0.05)	6.03 ± 3.65	0.61 ± 0.34	2.24 ± 1.89	BLOQ (0.02)
	Intense	1.37 ± 0.80	1.51 ± 0.87	2.56 ± 3.21	0.15 ± 0.07	17.20 ± 8.05	1.41 ± 0.58	4.79 ± 1.50	BLOQ (0.09)
Zinc (ng)
	ISO 20768	15.84 ± 5.67	4.28 ± 2.7	27.43 ± 8.62	BLOQ (1.8)	4.48 ± 3.38	4.93 ± 1.38	2.09 ± 1.27	BLOD (0.5)
	Intense	31.96 ± 24.98	18.96 ± 6.87	19.58 ± 12.01	7.74 ± 4.77	27.32 ± 20.51	21.55 ± 13.81	BLOQ (3.9)	BLOD (1.4)

Parameter/constituent		Mr. Salt-E Menthol Ice
		45 mg/mL	45 mg/mL	45 mg/mL	45 mg/mL
		iWũ	Nord 4	Zumwalt	Renova Zero
*Metals*
	ISO 20768 puff count	369	294	168	142
	Intense puff count	126	132	80	77
Device mass loss (mg)
	ISO 20768	4.73 ± 0.63	12.12 ± 1.16	7.96 ± 0.36	13.53 ± 0.96
	Intense	16.44 ± 1.20	30.55 ± 2.80	19.10 ± 0.64	27.32 ± 2.74
Chromium (ng)
	ISO 20768	BLOQ (0.1)	0.24 ± 0.17	0.36 ± 0.19	0.45 ± 0.21
	Intense	BLOQ (0.4)	BLOQ (0.4)	BLOQ (0.6)	0.96 ± 1.07
Copper (ng)
	ISO 20768	BLOQ (0.2)	1.59 ± 1.22	BLOQ (0.4)	BLOQ (0.5)
	Intense	3.93 ± 5.45	8.69 ± 13.06	BLOQ (0.9)	8.50 ± 5.74
Iron (ng)
	ISO 20768	BLOD (0.3)	2.22 ± 1.08	1.91 ± 0.80	2.06 ± 0.60
	Intense	BLOD (1.6)	BLOQ (1.5)	4.06 ± 0.31	5.80 ± 4.47
Lead (ng)
	ISO 20768	0.16 ± 0.27	2.48 ± 4.23	0.24 ± 0.15	0.10 ± 0.07
	Intense	1.82 ± 2.27	2.74 ± 3.67	1.37 ± 0.68	3.44 ± 3.76
Nickel (ng)
	ISO 20768	0.99 ± 0.79	16.31 ± 12.82	10.36 ± 2.3	0.82 ± 0.45
	Intense	48.30 ± 62.10	19.63 ± 8.72	39.97 ± 18.76	25.96 ± 13.56
Zinc (ng)
	ISO 20768	BLOQ (0.9)	24.02 ± 47.94	2.34 ± 0.51	BLOD (1.1)
	Intense	5.94 ± 6.67	49.40 ± 97.50	7.51 ± 2.43	19.85 ± 22.56

[i] BLOQ: Below limits of quantitation, BLOD: Below limits of detection

Table 6.

Market ENDS HPHCs and chemicals in aerosol – glycidol (per puff).

Parameter/constituent		Rich Tobacco	Classic Tobacco	Tobacco	Golden Tobacco	Rich Tobacco	Rich Tobacco	Rich Tobacco	Classic Tobacco
		2.40%	5.00%	4.80%	5.00%	5.00%	2.40%	1.80%	5.00%
		MyBlu	ACE	Solo	JUUL	Alto	Alto	Alto	RELX
*Glycidol*
	ISO 20768 puff count	284	289	156	371	314	339	355	300
	Intense puff count	103	134	114	223	150	190	167	155
Device mass loss (mg)
	ISO 20768	5.01 ± 0.32	6.18 ± 0.27	2.43 ± 0.10	1.18 ± 0.23	4.37 ± 0.71	4.29 ± 0.82	4.34 ± 0.86	5.97 ± 0.48
	Intense	11.53 ± 1.90	9.39 ± 0.29	3.81 ± 0.20	2.45 ± 0.27	10.55 ± 0.60	9.51 ± 1.50	8.15 ± 0.74	10.30 ± 2.11
Glycidol (µg)
	ISO 20768	0.16 ± 0.1	0.10 ± 0.03	0.030 ± 0.014	0.006 ± 0.002	0.38 ± 0.08	0.36 ± 0.08	0.45 ± 0.09	0.047 ± 0.012
	Intense	0.56 ± 0.31	0.16 ± 0.04	0.030 ± 0.008	0.004 ± 0.001	1.33 ± 0.31	1.19 ± 0.40	1.19 ± 0.21	0.30 ± 0.07

Parameter/constituent		Original Blend	Signature Tobacco	Classic	Tobacco	Mr. Salt-E Tobacco
		5.00%	5.00%	6.00%	2.40%	45 mg/mL	45 mg/mL	45 mg/mL	45 mg/mL
		PHIX	Glas	BIDI Stick	SBS	iWũ	Nord 4	Zumwalt	Renova Zero
*Glycidol*
	ISO 20768 puff count	191	179	201	207	448	338	163	163
	Intense puff count	91	77	100	128	193	139	87	89
Device mass loss (mg)
	ISO 20768	6.58 ± 0.74	4.6 ± 1.54	4.09 ± 0.32	3.04 ± 0.55	3.87 ± 0.49	4.07 ± 0.86	8.26 ± 0.58	11.56 ± 0.86
	Intense	15.23 ± 0.64	13.75 ± 0.33	9.92 ± 0.33	6.20 ± 0.26	9.15 ± 1.96	35.66 ± 2.54	13.76 ± 4.28	19.54 ± 3.25
Glycidol (µg)
	ISO 20768	0.13 ± 0.03	0.29 ± 0.25	0.030 ± 0.038	0.021 ± 0.01	0.13 ± 0.11	0.74 ± 0.59	0.030 ± 0.031	0.019 ± 0.018
	Intense	0.48 ± 0.16	0.74 ± 0.32	0.018 ± 0.007	0.11 ± 0.09	1.10 ± 0.57	0.46 ± 0.25	0.46 ± 0.54	0.74 ± 1.05

Parameter/constituent		Menthol	Menthol	Menthol	Cool Mint	Menthol	Menthol	Menthol
		2.40%	5.00%	4.80%	5.00%	5.00%	2.40%	1.80%
		MyBlu	ACE	Solo	JUUL	Alto	Alto	Alto
*Glycidol*
	ISO 20768 puff count	263	292	149	455	262	272	271
	Intense puff count	100	139	111	229	124	126	135
Device mass loss (mg)
	ISO 20768	4.45 ± 0.21	4.47 ± 0.13	2.51 ± 0.08	1.22 ± 0.13	4.75 ± 1.00	6.16 ± 0.43	6.70 ± 0.27
	Intense	12.03 ± 0.38	9.86 ± 1.31	3.28 ± 0.06	2.03 ± 0.33	11.37 ± 1.14	13.81 ± 0.52	13.27 ± 1.10
Glycidol (µg)
	ISO 20768	0.099 ± 0.012	0.061 ± 0.015	0.036 ± 0.008	0.0060 ± 0.0005	0.18 ± 0.13	0.072 ± 0.026	0.10 ± 0.02
	Intense	0.22 ± 0.03	0.11 ± 0.03	0.19 ± 0.06	0.0050 ± 0.0004	0.23 ± 0.09	0.19 ± 0.04	0.38 ± 0.27

Parameter/constituent		Mint	Fruit Tea	Tangy Purple	Tobacco Menthol	Menthol	Arctic	Gold	Menthol
		5.00%	3.00%	3.00%	5.00%	5.00%	6.00%	6.00%	2.40%
		RELX	RELX	RELX	PHIX	Glas	BIDI Stick	BIDI Stick	SBS
*Glycidol*
	ISO 20768 puff count	294	332	287	200	162	181	213	325
	Intense puff count	139	220	140	89	79	87	89	106
Device mass loss (mg)
	ISO 20768	5.04 ± 0.59	4.47 ± 0.82	4.51 ± 0.67	5.84 ± 0.55	4.56 ± 0.4	4.41 ± 0.11	4.49 ± 0.18	2.47 ± 0.10
	Intense	11.47 ± 0.44	7.90 ± 0.93	7.42 ± 3.00	14.65 ± 0.61	10.75 ± 0.12	10.72 ± 0.24	10.10 ± 1.28	6.16 ± 0.34
Glycidol (µg)
	ISO 20768	0.047 ± 0.012	0.025 ± 0.022	0.16 ± 0.03	0.23 ± 0.02	0.090 ± 0.037	0.015 ± 0.008	0.006 ± 0.002	0.026 ± 0.008
	Intense	0.015 ± 0.002	0.020 ± 0.011	0.41 ± 0.15	0.68 ± 0.13	0.55 ± 0.24	0.046 ± 0.023	0.053 ± 0.027	0.072 ± 0.029

Parameter/constituent		Mr. Salt-E Menthol Ice
		45 mg/mL	45 mg/mL	45 mg/mL	45 mg/mL
		iWũ	Nord 4	Zumwalt	Renova Zero
*Glycidol*
	ISO 20768 puff count	369	294	168	142
	Intense puff count	126	132	80	77
Device mass loss (mg)
	ISO 20768	5.37 ± 0.1	8.11 ± 4.73	8.02 ± 0.38	10.76 ± 1.88
	Intense	9.89 ± 1.57	38.29 ± 2.04	18.09 ± 0.50	23.98 ± 0.79
Glycidol (µg)
	ISO 20768	0.003 ± 0.001	0.47 ± 0.31	0.003 ± 0.001	0.004 ± 0.002
	Intense	0.24 ± 0.16	0.088 ± 0.022	0.063 ± 0.051	0.011 ± 0.010

Nicotine aerosol yields for North American ENDS under ISO 20768 (ISO) and Intense (Int) puffing regimes.

Table 7.

Comparison between ENDS ISO 20768 aerosol collection yields and 1R6F Reference CC ISO 3308 smoke values (per mg of nicotine).

Constituent	ENDS category (mg/mg nicotine)			1R6F CC smoke (mg/mg nicotine)	ENDS category (% change)
	ISO 20768			ISO 3308 Standard	Non-intense
	Lowest	Mean	Highest	Mean	Lowest	Mean	Highest
Acetaldehyde	8.27E-05	3.28E-03	5.83E-02	7.24E-01	−99.99%	−99.5%	−92.0%
Acetyl Propionyl	7.23E-07	3.19E-05	3.39E-04	1.56E-02	−99.995%	−99.8%	−97.8%
Acrolein	8.66E-05	2.10E-03	1.26E-02	5.96E-02	−99.9%	−96.5%	−79.0%
n-Butyraldehyde	7.23E-07	2.69E-05	6.29E-04	3.47E-02	−99.998%	−99.9%	−98.2%
Crotonaldehyde	1.18E-06	2.41E-05	1.53E-04	1.41E-02	−99.99%	−99.8%	−98.9%
Diacetyl	7.43E-06	8.64E-05	1.09E-03	1.26E-01	−99.99%	−99.9%	−99.1%
Formaldehyde	1.53E-04	5.00E-03	9.36E-02	3.74E-02	−99.6%	−86.6%	150%
Arsenic	1.22E-07	5.35E-07	1.67E-06	3.35E-06	−96.4%	−84.0%	−50.2%
Cadmium	1.22E-08	2.71E-08	7.96E-08	5.08E-05	−99.98%	−99.9%	−99.8%
*Chromium	2.00E-07	1.11E-06	1.28E-05	2.49E-06	NC	NC	416%
Copper	3.88E-07	1.33E-05	1.55E-04	1.64E-05	−97.63%	−18.6%	848%
Lead	3.07E-08	7.07E-07	1.69E-05	1.63E-05	−99.81%	−95.7%	3.82%
*Nickel	2.00E-07	1.27E-05	1.23E-04	4.98E-06	NC	155%	2376%
Glycidol	9.09E-06	4.43E-04	8.20E-03	1.04E-03	−99.1%	−57.2%	691%

* = Below limit of quantitation in 1R6F literature. Limit of quantitation was used for comparison to ENDS, refer to section 3.6.

NC = Not comparable. Both values below limits of quantitation.

Table 8.

Comparison between ENDS Intense aerosol collection yields and 1R6F Reference CC ISO 20778 Intense smoke values (per mg of nicotine).

Constituent	END category (mg/m nicotine)			1R6F CC smoke (mg/mg nicotine)	ENDs category (% change)
	Intense (110 mL, 6 s, 30 s)			ISO 20778 Intense	Intense
	Lowest	Mean	Highest	Mean	Lowest	Mean	Highest
Acetaldehyde	1.66E-04	6.34E-03	1.60E-01	8.19E-01	−99.98%	−99.2%	−80.5%
Acetyl propionyl	5.69E-06	3.99E-05	3.67E-04	1.83E-02	−99.969%	−99.8%	−98.0%
Acrolein	1.21E-04	3.41E-03	5.02E-02	8.12E-02	−99.9%	−95.8%	−38.2%
n-Butyraldehyde	7.23E-07	3.67E-05	8.08E-04	3.55E-02	−99.998%	−99.9%	−97.7%
Crotonaldehyde	1.80E-06	3.89E-05	2.03E-04	2.69E-02	−99.99%	−99.9%	−99.2%
Diacetyl	2.59E-05	1.46E-04	2.00E-03	1.25E-01	−99.98%	−99.9%	−98.4%
Formaldehyde	2.17E-04	1.05E-02	3.37E-01	5.49E-02	−99.6%	−80.8%	514%
Arsenic	1.34E-07	4.22E-07	1.21E-06	3.50E-06	−96.2%	−87.9%	−65.5%
Cadmium	1.34E-08	2.73E-08	7.72E-08	4.96E-05	−99.97%	−99.9%	−99.8%
*Chromium	1.34E-07	1.07E-06	1.20E-05	2.49E-06	NC	NC	382%
Copper	5.09E-07	1.79E-05	7.23E-05	2.16E-05	−97.6%	−17.2%	235%
Lead	3.36E-08	1.20E-06	2.70E-05	1.62E-05	−99.8%	−92.6%	66.5%
*Nickel	2.50E-07	1.71E-05	1.04E-04	4.98E-06	NC	243%	1991%
Glycidol	1.22E-05	5.02E-04	9.26E-03	1.11E-03	−98.9%	−54.7%	736%

* = Below limit of quantitation in 1R6F literature. Limit of quantitation was used for comparison to ENDS, refer to section 3.6.

NC = Not comparable. Both values below limits of quantitation.

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2024-0008 | Journal eISSN: 2719-9509 (formerly 1612-9237)

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Language: English, French, German

Page range: 189 - 216

Submitted on: May 1, 2024

Accepted on: Sep 9, 2024

Published on: Oct 15, 2024

Published by: Beiträge zur Tabakforschung GmbH

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS),

HPHCs,

Related subjects:

© 2024 Cameron Smith, Brian Jamison, Candice Jongsma, Karen Carter, Jiaming Wang, Austin Bates, Sifat Ullah, David Cook, I. Gene Gillman, published by Beiträge zur Tabakforschung GmbH
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License.

Volume 33 (2024): Issue 4 (September 2024)

Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents Analysis of North American ENDS

Figures & Tables

Table 1.