Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Measurement of Particle Size Distribution and Recovery Efficiency Calculations_
| Product | Replicate | Impactor | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mini MOUDI™ | ELPI®+ | ||||||
| MMAD (μm) | GSD | Recovery % | MMAD (μm) | GSD | Recovery range (%) a | ||
| Mango 5.0% (nicotine by weight) | 1 | 0.83 | 1.48 | 79.1 | 1.13 | 1.69 | 62.9 – 157.0 |
| 2 | 0.90 | 1.54 | 77.3 | 1.13 | 1.69 | 59.8 – 138.6 | |
| 3 | 0.78 | 1.46 | 77.0 | 1.14 | 1.67 | 51.3 – 152.2 | |
| 4 | NP | NP | NP | 1.17 | 1.67 | 53.3 – 158.1 | |
| 5 | NP | NP | NP | 0.98 | 1.66 | 59.4 – 132.4 | |
| 6 | NP | NP | NP | 1.21 | 1.72 | 54.6 – 142.6 | |
| Mean ± SD | 0.84 ± 0.06 | 1.49 ± 0.04 | 77.8 ± 1.1 | 1.13 ± 0.08 | 1.68 ± 0.02 | 56.8 ± 4.5 – 146.8 ± 10.5 | |
| Mint 5.0% (nicotine by weight) | 1 | 1.04 | 1.50 | 79.8 | 1.04 | 1.65 | 56.2 – 128.7 |
| 2 | 1.10 | 1.40 | 79.3 | 0.96 | 1.58 | 65.0 – 139.0 | |
| 3 | 1.02 | 1.48 | 82.9 | 1.09 | 1.66 | 62.0 – 144.9 | |
| 4 | NP | NP | NP | 0.81 | 1.62 | 69.4 – 130.6 | |
| 5 | NP | NP | NP | 0.85 | 1.65 | 68.8 – 134.2 | |
| 6 | NP | NP | NP | 1.07 | 1.67 | 63.0 – 134.3 | |
| Mean ± SD | 1.05 ± 0.4 | 1.46 ± 0.05 | 80.7 ± 1.9 | 0.97 ± 0.12 | 1.64 ± 0.03 | 64.1 ± 4.9 – 135.3 ± 5.9 | |
Quantitative and semi-quantitative analysis of vapor phase constituents from the ELPI®+ Impactor_ Unless otherwise noted chemicals listed were found in all six replicate samples_
| Product | Chemical | CAS # | Mean ± SD (μg/collection) | Collected aerosol (μg/mg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quantitative analysis ELPI®+ | ||||
| Mango 5.0% (nicotine by weight) | Total amount a | NA | 9.5 ± 2.9 | 0.07 ± 0.03 |
| 1,3-Butadiene b | 106-99-0 | 0.02 | 0.00014 | |
| Tetrahydrofuran | 109-99-9 | 0.0147 ± 0.0006 | 0.0001 ± 0.000004 | |
| 2-Methyl-1-propanol c | 78-83-1 | 0.0009 ± 0.0001 | 0.000006 ± 0.0000007 | |
| Methyl tertiary butyl ether f | 1634-04-4 | 0.021 ± 0.027 | 0.00015 ± 0.00019 | |
| trans 1,2-Dichloroethene c | 156-60-5 | 0.007 ± 0.001 | 0.00005 ± 0.000007 | |
| 1,2-Dichloroethane b | 107-06-2 | 0.0065 ± 0.0005 | 0.000046 ± 0.000035 | |
| Bromodichloromethane b | 75-27-4 | 0.007 | 0.00005 | |
| Styrene b | 100-42-5 | 0.005 | 0.000035 | |
| Bromoform b | 75-25-2 | 0.009 | 0.00006 | |
| 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene b | 108-67-8 | 0.006 | 0.000043 | |
| p-Isopropyltoluene b | 99-87-6 | 0.005 | 0.000035 | |
| Ethylmethacrylate c | 97-63-2 | 0.006 ± 0.002 | 0.0000436 ± 0.000014 | |
| Trichloroethene b | 79-01-2 | 0.007 | 0.00005 | |
| Mint 5.0% (nicotine by weight) | Total amount a | NA | 15.5 ± 7.6 | 0.21 ± 0.1 |
| 1,3-Butadiene b | 106-99-0 | 0.03 | 0.0004 | |
| Tetrahydrofuran | 109-99-9 | 0.023 ± 0.014 | 0.0003 ± 0.0002 | |
| trans 1,2-Dichloroethene c | 156-60-5 | 0.014 ± 0.006 | 0.0002 ± 0.00008 | |
| Styrene b | 100-42-5 | 0.009 | 0.00012 | |
| 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene b | 108-67-8 | 0.005 | 0.000067 | |
| p-Isopropyltoluene | 99-87-6 | 0.027 ± 0.005 | 0.00036 ± 0.000067 | |
| Tetrachloroethene c | 127-18-4 | 0.0135 ± 0.0065 | 0.00018 ± 0.000087 | |
| Diethyl ether b | 60-29-7 | 0.06 | 0.0008 | |
| Naphthalene c | 91-20-3 | 0.0075 ± 0.0005 | 0.0001 ± 0.000007 | |
| 1,2-Dichloroethane b | 107-06-2 | 0.008 | 0.00011 | |
| Bromodichloromethane b | 75-27-4 | 0.007 | 0.00009 | |
| Semi-quantitative analysis ELPI®+ | ||||
| Mango 5.0% (nicotine by weight) f | 2-Methyl-1-propene b | 115-11-7 | 0.1 | 0.0007 |
| 1-Propanol b | 71-23-8 | 0.3 | 0.002 | |
| Menthol | 89-78-1 or 1490-04-6 | 1.08 ± 0.46 | 0.008 ± 0.003 | |
| Menthone f | 89-80-5 | 0.138 ± 0.057 | 0.001 ± 0.0002 | |
| Ethylbutyrate | 105-54-4 | 2.62 ± 1.58 | 0.02 ± 0.1 | |
| Limonene or | 138-86-3 or 5989-27-5 | 0.3 ± 0.17 | 0.002 ± 0.001 | |
| Decanoic acid e | 334-48-5 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.0007 ± 0.0 | |
| Noanaoic acid e | 112-05-0 | 0.125 ± 0.05 | 0.0009 ± 0.0004 | |
| 2-Pentanone | 107-87-9 | 0.182 ± 0.078 | 0.001 ± 0.0006 | |
| Propanal e | 123-38-6 | 0.15 ± 0.06 | 0.001 ± 0.0004 | |
| 2-Methylpentane e | 107-83-5 | 0.12 ± 0.05 | 0.0009 ± 0.0004 | |
| tert-Butanol b | 75-65-0 | 0.1 | 0.0007 | |
| Methyl vinyl ketone d | 78-94-4 | 0.17 ± 0.06 | 0.001 ± 0.0004 | |
| 4-Methyloctane | 2216-34-4 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.0007 ± 0.0 | |
| Heptanal | 111-71-7 | 0.183 ± 0.075 | 0.0013 ± 0.0005 | |
| Ethylhexanoate e | 123-66-0 | 0.125 ± 0.05 | 0.0009 ± 0.0004 | |
| Acetic acid b | 64-19-7 | 0.1 | 0.0007 | |
| Diethylene glycol c | 11-46-6 | 0.15 ± 0.05 | 0.001 ± 0.0004 | |
| 3-Methylbutanol b | 590-86-3 | 0.09 | 0.0006 | |
| Hexamethylchclotrisiloxane c | 541-05-9 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.0007 ± 0.0 | |
| Mint 5.0% (nicotine by weight) f | Limonene or | 138-86-3 or 5989-27-5 | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.0027 ± 0.0 |
| Heptane b | 142-82-5 | 0.095 ± 0.005 | 0.001 ± 0.0001 | |
| Propanal b | 123-38-6 | 0.1 | 0.001 | |
| Menthol | 89-78-1 or 1490-04-6 | 6.25 ± 3.71 | 0.084 ± 0.05 | |
| Menthone | 89-80-5 | 1.82 ± 0.78 | 0.024 ± 0.01 | |
| Eucalyptol | 470-82-6 | 0.72 ± 0.19 | 0.01 ± 0.003 | |
| Benzaldehyde c | 100-52-7 | 0.15 ± 0.05 | 0.002 ± 0.0007 | |
| 4-methyloctane e | 2216-34-4 | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.003 ± 0.0 | |
| 2-Methyl-1-propene d | 115-11-7 | 0.17 ± 0.12 | 0.0023 ± 0.0016 | |
| Trimethylsilanol d | 1066-40-6 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.001 ± 0.0 | |
| 2-Methylpentane c | 107-83-5 | 0.2 ± 0.14 | 0.003 ± 0.002 | |
| tert-Butanol e | 75-65-0 | 0.15 ± 0.06 | 0.002 ± 0.0008 | |
| Methyl vinyl ketone d | 78-94-4 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.003 ± 0.001 | |
| 2-Pentanone | 107-87-9 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.003 ± 0.001 | |
| Heptanal e | 111-71-7 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.004 ± 0.003 | |
| Acetic acid e | 64-19-7 | 0.12 ± 0.5 | 0.002 ± 0.007 | |
| Hexamethylchclotrisiloxane d | 541-05-9 | 0.097 ± 0.006 | 0.013 ± 0.0001 | |
| Chlorodifluormethane b | 75-45-6 | 0.1 | 0.001 | |
| 1,1-Difluoroethane b | 75-37-6 | 0.4 | 0.005 | |
| Nonanoic acid c | 112-05-0 | 0.45 ± 0.15 | 0.006 ± 0.002 | |
| 2-Methyl-2-propenal b | 78-85-3 | 0.4 | 0.005 | |
| 2-Hexanone b | 591-52-4 | 0.1 | 0.001 | |
| Pentanoic acid b | 109-52-4 | 0.1 | 0.001 | |
| 3-Octanol b | 589-98-0 | 0.2 | 0.003 | |
| Heptanoic acid b | 111-14-8 | 0.1 | 0.001 | |
| Triacetin b | 102-76-1 | 0.1 | 0.001 | |
ELPI®+ dilution system measurements and calculations_
| Product | Replicate | Set by mass flow controller | Measured | Calculations | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ELPI®+ flowrate (L/min) | Zero air dilution (L/min) | Laboratory air entering dilution system (L/min) | Puff volume (cm3) | Range of percent of puff sampled by ELPI®+ a | Puff dilution ratio b | ||
| Mango 5.0% (nicotine by weight) | 1 | 9.859 | 9.829 | 0.030 | 55.4 | 5.1 – 12.8 | 329 |
| 2 | 9.826 | 9.792 | 0.034 | 55.6 | 5.8 – 13.4 | 289 | |
| 3 | 9.817 | 9.794 | 0.023 | 55.6 | 3.9 – 11.6 | 427 | |
| 4 | 9.913 | 9.890 | 0.023 | 55.6 | 3.9 – 11.6 | 431 | |
| 5 | 9.915 | 9.878 | 0.037 | 55.6 | 6.3 – 14.0 | 268 | |
| 6 | 9.939 | 9.911 | 0.028 | 55.4 | 4.8 – 12.5 | 355 | |
| Mean ± SD | 9.878 ± 0.051 | 9.840 ± 0.065 | 0.029 ± 0.006 | 55.5 ± 0.1 | 6.0 ± 1.0 – 12.7 ± 1.0 | 350 ± 68 | |
| Mint 5.0% (nicotine by weight) | 1 | 9.912 | 9.977 | 0.035 | 55.4 | 6.0 – 13.7 | 283 |
| 2 | 9.952 | 9.913 | 0.039 | 55.4 | 6.7 – 14.3 | 255 | |
| 3 | 9.962 | 9.928 | 0.034 | 55.5 | 5.8 – 13.5 | 293 | |
| 4 | 9.959 | 9.908 | 0.051 | 55.2 | 8.7 – 16.5 | 195 | |
| 5 | 9.961 | 9.914 | 0.047 | 55.6 | 8.0 – 15.6 | 212 | |
| 6 | 10.024 | 9.984 | 0.040 | 55.6 | 6.8 – 14.5 | 251 | |
| Mean ± SD | 9.962 ± 0.036 | 9.937 ± 0.034 | 0.041 ± 0.007 | 55.5 ± 0.2 | 7.0 ± 1.1 – 14.7 ± 1.2 | 248 ± 39 | |
Chemicals identified in impactor air blank samples_
| Mini MOUDI™ | ELPI®+ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quantitative | Semi-quantitative | Quantitative | Semi-quantitative | ||||
| Chemical | Quantity (ng) | Chemical | Quantity (ng) | Chemical | Quantity (μg) | Chemical | Quantity (μg) |
| Acetone | 77 | Diethylene glycol | 100 | Acetone* | 5.9 | Propylene + propane | 0.3 |
| Methylene chloride | 22 | C6-C8 Hydrocarbon | 230 | Methylene chloride * | 14 | Dichlorodifluoro methane | 0.1 |
| Hexane | 11 | Acetic acid | 130 | Hexane | 1.4 | Isobutane | 0.2 |
| Acetonitrile | 59 | Acetonitrile | 0.1 | Butane | 0.4 | ||
| Ethylacetate | 7.8 | Ethylacetate | 0.05 | Acetaldehyde | 0.9 | ||
| Carbon disulfide | 15 | Carbon Disulfide | 0.9 | 2-Methylbutane | 0.7 | ||
| Ethanol | 0.4 | Trichlorofluoro methane | 0.4 | ||||
| Toluene | 0.1 | Pentane | 0.4 | ||||
| 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane | 0.09 | Isoprene | 0.4 | ||||
| Isopropanol | 1.2 | 3-Methylpentane | 0.3 | ||||
| Carbon tetrachloride | 0.04 | 2-Methyl-2-propenal | 0.2 | ||||
| Isopropylbenzene | 0.06 | Methylcyclopentane | 0.4 | ||||
| Cyclohexane | 0.02 | Butanal | 0.09 | ||||
| Isooctane | 0.3 | Methyl ethyl ketone | 0.1 | ||||
| Chloroform | 0.05 | Pentanal | 0.1 | ||||
| Benzene | 0.04 | Propylene glycol | 0.4 | ||||
| 4-Methyl-2-pentanone | 0.006 | Hexanal | 0.2 | ||||
| m,p-Xylene | 0.03 | α-Pinene | 0.1 | ||||
| o-Xylene | 0.02 | Octanal | 0.1 | ||||
| 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene | 0.009 | Nonanal | 0.3 | ||||
| Ethylbenzene | 0.007 | Decanal | 0.4 | ||||
| Naphthalene | 0.006 | Undecanal | 0.1 | ||||
| Diethyl ether* | 5.9 | Tetradecane | 0.2 | ||||
| Dodecanal | 0.1 | ||||||
| Pentadecane | 0.1 | ||||||
| 2-Dodecanone | 0.3 | ||||||
| 2-Tridecanone | 0.4 | ||||||
| 2,6-Ditertbutylphenol | 0.1 | ||||||
| Siloxane | 0.1 | ||||||
| C13-C15 Hydrocarbon | 0.1 | ||||||
| C15-C17 Hydrocarbon | 0.1 | ||||||
Collection efficiency calculated including the measured vapor phase_
| Impactor | Parameter | Mango 5.0% (nicotine by weight) | Mint 5.0% (nicotine by weight) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Replicate 1 | Replicate 2 | Replicate 3 | Replicate 1 | Replicate 2 | Replicate 3 | ||
| Mini MOUDI™ | Device mass loss (mg) | 20.60 | 23.30 | 17.40 | 23.80 | 22.20 | 23.40 |
| Mass collected (mg)* | 16.30 | 18.00 | 13.40 | 19.00 | 17.60 | 19.40 | |
| Calculated mass of volatiles (mg) | 1.08 | 0.62 | 1.24 | 0.68 | 0.08 | 0.96 | |
| Recovery efficiency (%) a | 84.4 | 79.9 | 84.1 | 82.7 | 79.6 | 87.0 | |
| Mango 5.0% (nicotine by weight) | |||||||
| Replicate 1 | Replicate 2 | Replicate 3 | Replicate 4 | Replicate 5 | Replicate 6 | ||
| ELPI®+ | Device mass loss (mg) | 116.8 | 122.0 | 185.5 | 201.2 | 65.1 | 155.4 |
| Mass collected (mg)* | 73.4 – 183.4 | 72.9 – 169.1 | 95.1 – 282.4 | 107.2 – 318.2 | 38.1 – 86.2 | 84.8 – 221.6 | |
| Calculated mass range of volatiles (mg) | 0.06 – 0.16 | 0.04 – 0.1 | 0.07 – 0.21 | 0.12 – 0.36 | 0.09 – 0.19 | 0.07 – 0.19 | |
| Recovery efficiency range (%) | 62.9 – 157.2 | 59.8 – 138.7 | 51.3 – 152.4 | 53.3 – 158.3 | 58.7 – 132.7 | 54.6 – 142.7 | |
| Mint 5.0% (nicotine by weight) | |||||||
| Replicate 1 | Replicate 2 | Replicate 3 | Replicate 4 | Replicate 5 | Replicate 6 | ||
| Device mass loss (mg) | 96.5 | 71.9 | 113.7 | 34.2 | 43.4 | 89.1 | |
| Mass collected (mg)* | 54.3 – 124.2 | 46.8 – 99.9 | 70.5 – 164.7 | 23.7 – 45.0 | 29.9 – 58.3 | 56.1 – 119.7 | |
| Calculated mass range of volatiles (mg) | 0.06 – 0.13 | 0.10 – 0.21 | 0.14 – 0.33 | 0.06 – 0.11 | 0.08 – 0.16 | 0.20 – 0.43 | |
| Recovery efficiency range (%) | 56.3 – 128.8 | 65.1 – 139.2 | 67.2 – 145.1 | 69.5 – 131.9 | 69.1 – 134.7 | 63.2 – 134.8 | |
Quantitative and semi-quantitative analysis of vapor phase constituents from the Mini MOUDI™ Impactor_ Unless otherwise noted chemicals listed were found in all three replicate samples_
| Product | Chemical | CAS # | Amount (Mean ± SD) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measured (μg/sorbent tube) | Calculated for entire sampled volume (μg) | Collected aerosol (μg/mg) | |||
| Quantitative analysis Mini MOUDI™ | |||||
| Mango 5.0% (nicotine by weight) | Total amount a | NA | 65.5 ± 21.1 | 1310 ± 422 | 77.6 ± 25.0 |
| Ethanol | 64-17-5 | 38.2 ± 13.3 | 764 ± 266 | 45.2 ± 15.8 | |
| Isopropanol | 67-63-0 | 0.076 ± 0.015 | 1.52 ± 0.3 | 0.09 ± 0.02 | |
| Toluene | 108-88-3 | 0.007 ± 0.001 | 0.14 ± 0.02 | 0.008 ± 0.001 | |
| Mint 5.0% (nicotine by weight) | Total amount a | NA | 34.8 ± 23.6 | 696 ± 472 | 36.2 ± 24.5 |
| Ethanol b | 64-17-5 | 0.05 | 1.0 | 0.05 | |
| Isopropanol c | 67-63-0 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | |
| p-Isopropyltoluene c | 99-87-6 | 0.007 ± 0.001 | 0.14 ± 0.02 | 0.14 ± 0.02 | |
| Benzene b | 71-43-2 | 0.008 | 0.16 | 0.008 | |
| Toluene b | 108-88-3 | 0.008 | 0.16 | 0.008 | |
| m,p-Xylene b | 108-38-3 or 106-42-3 | 0.02 | 0.4 | 0.02 | |
| Semi-quantitative analysis Mini MOUDI™ | |||||
| Mango 5.0% (nicotine by weight) | Propylene glycol | 57-55-6 | 27.5 ± 11.9 | 550 ± 238 | 32.6 ± 14.1 |
| Nicotine | 54-11-5 | 0.17 ± 0.12 | 3.4 ± 2.4 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | |
| Menthol | 89-78-1 or 1490-04-6 | 0.098 ± 0.004 | 1.96 ± 0.08 | 0.116 ± 0.005 | |
| Acetaldehyde | 75-07-0 | 0.83 ± 0.12 | 16.6 ± 2.4 | 0.98 ± 0.14 | |
| Ethylbutyrate | 105-54-4 | 0.35 ± 0.1 | 7.0 ± 2.0 | 0.41 ± 0.12 | |
| Methylcyclopentane c | 96-37-7 | 0.145 ± 0.078 | 2.90 ± 1.56 | 0.17 ± 0.09 | |
| Limonene or | 138-86-3 or 5989-27-5 | 0.182 ± 0.045 | 3.64 ± 0.9 | 0.22 ± 0.05 | |
| Decanalc | 112-31-2 | 0.15 ± 0.06 | 3.0 ± 1.2 | 0.18 ± 0.07 | |
| 3-Methylpentane b | 96-14-0 | 0.2 | 4.0 | 0.24 | |
| Linalool c | 78-70-6 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | |
| Nonanal b | 124-19-6 | 0.09 | 1.8 | 0.11 | |
| 3-Hexen-1-ol | 544-12-7 | 0.53 ± 0.18 | 10.6 ± 3.6 | 0.62 ± 0.21 | |
| Allyl hexanoate b | 123-68-2 | 0.088 ± 0.013 | 1.76 ± 0.26 | 0.1 ± 0.02 | |
| 2-Methyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazole b | 13739-48-5 | 0.043 ± 0.012 | 0.86 ± 0.24 | 0.051 ± 0.014 | |
| Mint 5.0% (nicotine by weight)* | Propylene glycol | 57-55-6 | 20.1 ± 16.8 | 402 ± 336 | 20.9 ± 17.5 |
| Nicotine c | 54-11-5 | 0.15 ± 0.13 | 3.0 ± 2.6 | 0.16 ± 0.14 | |
| Acetol c | 116-09-6 | 0.07 | 0.05 – 0.09 | 0.003 – 0.005 | |
| Acetaldehyde b | 75-07-0 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 0.083 | |
| 3-Octanol b | 589-98-0 | 0.05 | 1.0 | 0.052 | |
| Decanal c | 112-31-2 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 4.0 ± 2.0 | 0.21 ± 0.1 | |
| Eucalyptol c | 470-82-6 | 0.28 ± 0.1 | 5.6 ± 2.0 | 0.29 ± 0.1 | |
| Menthone c | 89-80-5 | 0.67 ± 0.39 | 13.4 ± 7.8 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | |
| Menthol c | 89-78-1 or 1490-04-6 | 5.4 ± 3.5 | 108 ± 70 | 5.6 ± 3.6 | |
| Menthyl acetate c | 89-48-5 | 0.11 ± 0.06 | 2.2 ± 1.2 | 0.11 ± 0.06 | |
| Benzyl alcohol c | 100-51-6 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 0.094 ± 0.01 | |
| Nonanal b | 124-19-6 | 0.3 | 6.0 | 0.3 | |
| 1,1-Difluorethane | 75-37-6 | 4.0 | 0.09 – 8.0 | 0.005 – 0.42 | |
| 2-Methyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazole c | 13739-48-5 | 0.045 | 0.04 – 0.05 | 0.002 – 0.003 | |
| Nerylacetone b | 3879-26-3 | 0.09 | 1.8 | 0.09 | |