Simulation of Heat and Mass Transfer of Cut Tobacco in a Batch Rotary Dryer by Multi-Objective Optimization

Figures & Tables

Nomenclature
A, B, C	Parameter in equilibrium model
C_p	Specific heat capacity (J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹)
hA_m	Heat transfer coefficient (W·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹)
h_m A_m	Mass transfer coefficient (m³·kg⁻¹·s⁻¹)
M	Molecular weight (kg·mol⁻¹)
MRD	Mean relative deviation
p	Vapor pressure (Pa)
R	Universal gas constant (J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹)
RH	Relative humidity (1)
ρ	Vapor density (kg⁻¹·m⁻³)
Subscripts
b	Hot gas
cal	Calculated value
e	Equilibrium zone
exp	Experimental value
t	Cut tobacco
w	water

Drying conditions		Tobacco equilibrium moisture content (%)

Temperature (K)	Relative humidity (%)
338.15	0.115	0.048
358.15	0.050	0.035
378.15	0.024	0.027
398.15	0.012	0.022
418.15	0.007	0.018

Name of the model		Equation
Henderson	(Hen)	RHe=1−exp(−ATXeB) R{H_e} = 1 - \exp \left( { - ATX_e^B} \right)
Modified Henderson	(M-Hen)	RHe=1−exp(−A(T+B)Xe1/c) R{H_e} = 1 - \exp \left( { - A\left( {T + B} \right)X_e^{1/c}} \right)
Modified Oswin	(M-Osw)	RHe=11+(A+BTXe)1c R{H_e} = {1 \over {1 + {{\left( {{{A + BT} \over {{X_e}}}} \right)}^{{1 \over c}}}}}
Chung-Pfost	(C-P)	RHe=exp(−ATexp(−BXe)) R{H_e} = \exp \left( { - {A \over T}\exp \left( { - B{X_e}} \right)} \right)
Modified Chung-Pfost	(M-C-P)	RHe=exp(−AT+Bexp(−CXe)) R{H_e} = \exp \left( { - {A \over {T + B}}\exp \left( { - C{X_e}} \right)} \right)
Halsey	(Hal)	RHe=exp(−ATXeB) R{H_e} = \exp \left( { - {A \over {TX_e^B}}} \right)

Parameter	Henderson	Modified Henderson	Modified Oswin	Chung-Pfost	Modified Chung-Pfost	Halsey
A	3.5239	−0.9313	−0.0914	3397.00	1.63·10⁵	22.6107
B	3.0239	−516.0073	0.0006	32.1078	2.09·10⁴	1.1462
C		0.4210	0.4553		26.4425
RMSE	0.0010	0.0004	0.0004	0.0029	0.0015	0.0018
MRD	0.0554	0.0255	0.0172	0.1751	0.0940	0.1052