Determinants of Technical Efficiency in Nigerian Catfish Aquaculture: Stochastic Frontier Evidence and Policy Implications

Aquaculture has become an essential sector in Nigeria’s agriculture, significantly contributing to food security, rural employment, and economic diversification. Despite the sector’s rapid growth, Nigeria’s aquaculture industry operates below its potential, with technical efficiency levels far from optimal. This study assesses the determinants of technical efficiency among catfish farmers in Nigeria, using secondary data from a survey of 604 farmers. The result indicate that, despite significant growth in Nigeria’s aquaculture sector, technical efficiency remains suboptimal, with farmers operating at about 67% of their potential output. Using a stochastic frontier production function, we identify key factors affecting productivity and efficiency, including fish stock, household size, culture type, management system, and membership in farmers’ associations. The study highlights the need for targeted policies to enhance resource utilization, promote diversified farming practices, and support farmer associations to optimize technical efficiency in Nigeria’s catfish farming sector. These findings have important implications for improving productivity and ensuring food security in the country.