Abstract
Allelochemicals are plant-derived compounds capable of influencing the growth, development, and interactions with other plants and microorganisms within agroecosystems. They are a key mechanism of allelopathy, through which plants can suppress weed competition and reduce pathogen pressure, while simultaneously contributing to agricultural sustainability. This paper analyzes various groups of allelochemicals, including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, terpenoids, glucosinolates, and alkaloids, and explores their application as biopesticides. Emphasis is placed on advantages of these natural phytotoxins in reducing the use of synthetic chemicals, thereby promoting ecological balance and soil health. Additionally, the paper examines the roles of allelochemicals in enhancing plant resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, as well as their stimulatory effects on crop growth and development. Based on recent research, this study highlights the importance of allelochemicals in formulating sustainable strategies for plant protection and weed control, contributing to the development of modern and environmentally friendly agricultural practices. Therefore, the application of allelochemicals may serve as a key element in transforming agriculture towards more sustainable and eco-friendly production systems.