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The relationship between Artificial Intelligence (AI) exposure and returns to education Cover

The relationship between Artificial Intelligence (AI) exposure and returns to education

Central European Economic Journal
Volume 11 (2024): Issue 58 (January 2024)
By:
Open Access
|Dec 2024

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Exposure to AI by age groups and education levelSource: authors’ elaboration based on EU SES, EORA, E. Felten et al. (2021) data
Exposure to AI by age groups and education levelSource: authors’ elaboration based on EU SES, EORA, E. Felten et al. (2021) data

Figure 2.

Exposure to AI by log wage percentileSource: authors’ elaboration based on EU SES, EORA, E. Felten et al. (2021) data
Exposure to AI by log wage percentileSource: authors’ elaboration based on EU SES, EORA, E. Felten et al. (2021) data

Figure 3.

Correlation between change in log wage between 2010–2018 and AI exposure, in Eastern and Western European countriesSource: authors’ elaboration based on EU SES, EORA, E. Felten et al. (2021) data
Correlation between change in log wage between 2010–2018 and AI exposure, in Eastern and Western European countriesSource: authors’ elaboration based on EU SES, EORA, E. Felten et al. (2021) data

Figure 4.

The estimated relationship between AI exposure and workers’ wages in primary, secondary, and tertiary educated groupsSource: authors’ elaboration based on EU SES, EORA, E. Felten et al. (2021) data
The estimated relationship between AI exposure and workers’ wages in primary, secondary, and tertiary educated groupsSource: authors’ elaboration based on EU SES, EORA, E. Felten et al. (2021) data

Figure 5.

Estimated returns to education by deciles of AI exposureNote: Primary education is the base category. For presentation purposes, the distance between AI exposure deciles is equalSource: authors’ elaboration based on EU SES, EORA, E. Felten et al. (2021) data
Estimated returns to education by deciles of AI exposureNote: Primary education is the base category. For presentation purposes, the distance between AI exposure deciles is equalSource: authors’ elaboration based on EU SES, EORA, E. Felten et al. (2021) data

Figure 6.

The estimated relationship between AI exposure and workers’ wages for the primary, secondary, and tertiary educated, in Eastern and Western European countriesSource: authors’ elaboration based on EU SES, EORA, E. Felten et al. (2021) data
The estimated relationship between AI exposure and workers’ wages for the primary, secondary, and tertiary educated, in Eastern and Western European countriesSource: authors’ elaboration based on EU SES, EORA, E. Felten et al. (2021) data

Figure 7.

Estimated returns to education by deciles of AI exposure in Eastern and Western European countriesSource: authors’ elaboration based on EU SES, EORA, E. Felten et al. (2021) data.
Estimated returns to education by deciles of AI exposure in Eastern and Western European countriesSource: authors’ elaboration based on EU SES, EORA, E. Felten et al. (2021) data.

The relationship between AI exposure, skill level (education), and workers’ wages, standardised

(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)
AI Exposure (std.)0.028*** (0.003)0.063*** (0.003)0.025*** (0.002)0.084*** (0.004)0.122*** (0.003)0.017*** (0.003)
AI Exposure 2 (std.)0.010*** (0.002)−0.001 (0.002)0.027*** (0.001)0.046*** (0.003)0.043*** (0.003)0.027*** (0.002)
AI Exposure (std.) X Secondary Education dummy −0.039*** (0.002)−0.050*** (0.002)−0.009*** (0.002)
AI Exposure (std.) X Tertiary Education dummy −0.080*** (0.003)−0.080*** (0.003)0.036*** (0.002)
AI Exposure 2 (std.) X Secondary Education dummy −0.022*** (0.002)−0.038*** (0.002)−0.015*** (0.001)
AI Exposure 2 (std.) X Tertiary Education dummy −0.043*** (0.003)−0.048*** (0.003)−0.001 (0.002)
Secondary Education dummy−0.065*** (0.002)−0.041*** (0.001)0.072*** (0.001)−0.069*** (0.003)−0.034*** (0.002)0.085*** (0.002)
Tertiary Education dummy0.131*** (0.002)0.165*** (0.002)0.226*** (0.002)0.170*** (0.003)0.200*** (0.003)0.205*** (0.002)
Occupation FE.YesYesYesYesYesYes
Sector FE.NoYesYesNoYesYes
Country FE.NoNoYesNoNoYes
No. of Observations7.9 M7.9 M7.9 M7.9 M7.9 M7.9 M

The relationship between AI exposure, skill level (education), and workers’ wages in Western and Eastern European country groups, standardised

Panel A: Western European(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)
AI Exposure (std.)0.067*** (0.006)0.066*** (0.005)0.043*** (0.004)0.136*** (0.007)0.130*** (0.005)0.048*** (0.005)
AI Exposure 2 (std.)0.010*** (0.003)0.051*** (0.003)0.037*** (0.002)0.067*** (0.004)0.103*** (0.003)0.044*** (0.003)
AI Exposure (std.) X Secondary Education dummy −0.079*** (0.003)−0.068*** (0.002)−0.016*** (0.002)
AI Exposure (std.) X Tertiary Education dummy −0.034*** (0.004)−0.050*** (0.003)0.017*** (0.002)
AI Exposure 2 (std.) X Secondary Education dummy −0.060*** (0.003)−0.052*** (0.003)−0.016*** (0.002)
AI Exposure 2 (std.) X Tertiary Education dummy −0.086*** (0.004)−0.072*** (0.003)−0.012*** (0.002)
Secondary Education dummy0.250*** (0.002)0.223*** (0.002)0.107*** (0.001)0.273*** (0.003)0.243*** (0.003)0.117*** (0.002)
Tertiary Education dummy0.385*** (0.003)0.359*** (0.002)0.244*** (0.002)0.419*** (0.004)0.395*** (0.004)0.236*** (0.003)
Occupation FE.YesYesYesYesYesYes
Sector FE.NoYesYesNoYesYes
Country FE.NoNoYesNoNoYes
No. of Observations3.3 M3.3 M3.3 M3.3 M3.3 M3.3 M
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ceej-2024-0029 | Journal eISSN: 2543-6821 | Journal ISSN: 2544-9001
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Language: English
Published on: Dec 31, 2024
Published by: Sciendo
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 times per year
Keywords:
artificial intelligence,
wages,
technological change,
Europe
Related subjects:
Business and economics,
Political economics,
Economic theory, systems and structures,
Microeconomics,
Macroeconomics,
Economic policy

© 2024 Karol Madoń, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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