Figure 1.
Distribution of Amounts Awarded as Compensation for Harm Suffered and Their Logarithms
Table 1.
Error Measures Obtained on a Test Set With Different Algorithms Applied
| Algorithm applied | Predictors | Root mean squared error | Mean Absolute percentage error | Root median squared error | Median absolute percentage error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OLS | Token counts | 308,207.87 | 112.32 | 11,747.55 | 52.79 |
| TF-IDF | 100,743.48 | 94.59 | 11,759.07 | 49.25 | |
| LASSO | Token counts | 287,706.24 | 109.68 | 11,474.52 | 52.64 |
| TF-IDF | 95,976.82 | 93.46 | 11,435.79 | 48.64 | |
| Random forests | Token counts | 75,268.12 | 86.43 | 11,064.28 | 47.16 |
| TF-IDF | 74,674.55 | 88.59 | 10,518.75 | 48.13 | |
| XGBoost | Token counts | 94,271.95 | 105.27 | 12,654.46 | 52.18 |
| TF-IDF | 192,230.66 | 102.79 | 12,821.45 | 51.48 | |
| Multilingual BERT | - | 95,665.94 | 426.45 | 38,062.44 | 88.03 |
Table 2.
Error Measures Obtained on a Test Set With Different Algorithms Applied and Models’ Overestimates Assumed as Not Errors
| Algorithm applied | Predictors | Root mean squared error | Mean Absolute percentage error | Root median squared error | Median absolute percentage error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OLS | Token counts | 61,829.04 | 23.92 | 1,024.79 | 5.29 |
| TF-IDF | 67,563.77 | 21.83 | 178.39 | 1.08 | |
| LASSO | Token counts | 62,019.89 | 23.83 | 1,061.22 | 5.57 |
| TF-IDF | 68,215.32 | 21.78 | 129.66 | 0.69 | |
| Random forests | Token counts | 74,939.24 | 23.11 | 1,729.41 | 8.01 |
| TF-IDF | 73,939.24 | 22.80 | 1,741.93 | 9.02 | |
| XGBoost | Token counts | 71,414.42 | 23.83 | 1,069.24 | 7.93 |
| TF-IDF | 65,657.99 | 24.13 | 1,209.66 | 7.68 | |
| Multilingual BERT | - | 82,212.22 | 29.04 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Figure 2.
Distribution of Amounts Awarded as Compensation for Harm Suffered among the 25 Most Impactful Features
Figure 3.
Partial Dependence Plots for the Most Impactful Features
Table 3.
Tokens Characterized by the Highest Differences Between Maximum and Minimum Value of Their Partial Dependence Plots
| Id | Token | Average awarded compensation when token does not occur | Minimum awarded compensation | Maximum awarded compensation | Difference between maximum and minimum awarded compensation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pension | 21,027.80 | 21,027.80 (0) | 38,725.99 (5) | 17,698.18 |
| 2 | family | 16,532.26 | 16,532.26 (0) | 34,000.38 (16) | 17,468.12 |
| 3 | hospital | 20,559.30 | 20,559.30 (0) | 35,327.96 (20) | 14,768.65 |
| 4 | fracture | 19,852.62 | 19,852.62 (0) | 30,671.07 (25) | 10,818.46 |
| 5 | year | 19,473.51 | 19,473.51 (0) | 28,048.15 (10) | 8,574.65 |
| 6 | life | 19,712.14 | 19,712.14 (0) | 25,905.34 (36) | 6,193.20 |
| 7 | dead | 22,645.50 | 22,645.50 (0) | 28,181.21 (7) | 5,535.71 |
| 8 | zloty_monthly | 22,557.29 | 22,557.29 (0) | 27,708.96 (29) | 5,151.67 |
| 9 | extend | 22,570.76 | 22,570.76 (0) | 26,658.50 (6) | 4,087.74 |
| 10 | substantial | 22,346.35 | 22,346.35 (0) | 25,140.15 (19) | 2,793.80 |
| 11 | bones | 23,056.96 | 23,056.96 (0) | 25,536.80 (25) | 2,479.84 |
| 12 | child | 22,439.85 | 22,439.85 (0) | 24,908.14 (39) | 2,468.29 |
| 13 | bond | 23,108.54 | 23,108.54 (0) | 25,423.49 (24) | 2,314.95 |
| 14 | cervical | 23,675.45 | 21,368.98 (22) | 23,675.45 (0) | 2,306.47 |
| 15 | disorders | 22,655.92 | 22,655.92 (0) | 24,947.08 (17) | 2,291.17 |
| 16 | collar | 23,419.00 | 22,944.30 (11) | 23,419.00 (0) | 2,264.04 |
| 17 | disability | 22,944.30 | 22,944.30 (0) | 25,129.94 (5) | 2,185.64 |
| 18 | family_bond | 23,262.10 | 23,262.10 (0) | 25,430.35 (10) | 2,168.25 |
| 19 | twist | 23,417.04 | 21,541.70 (7) | 23,417.04 (0) | 1,875.34 |
| 20 | future | 22,640.79 | 22,640.79 (0) | 24,386.69 (22) | 1,745.90 |
Figure 4.
Example Model Prediction: Judgement of the Regional Court in Gliwice Dated August 31, 2014, File Number I C 1946/14
Figure 5.
Example Model Prediction: Judgement of the Regional Court in Zambrów Dated September 24, 2015, File Number I C 335/15