Table 1:
Cement Properties
| Oxides composition | Content [%] | ASTM C150-16 [%] | IQS No.5 / 2019 [%] |
|---|---|---|---|
| CaO | 60.77 | - | |
| SiO2 | 21.80 | - | |
| Fe2O3 | 4.80 | 6.0 (max.) | |
| Al2O3 | 3.85 | 6.0 (max.) | |
| MgO | 2.26 | 6.0 (max.) | 5.0 (max.) |
| SO3 | 2.30 | 3.0 (max.) | 2.5 (max.) |
| C3A | 2.09 | - | 3.5 (max.) |
| Loss on Ignition, L.O.I | 2.44 | 3.5 (max.) | 4.0 (max.) |
| Lime Saturation Factor, L.S.F | 0.86 | - | (1.02-0.66) |
| Insoluble Residue | 1.43 | 1.5 (max.) | 1.5 (max.) |
Table 2:
Properties of steel and polypropylene Fibers
| Properties | Steel fiber | Polypropylene fiber |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | Straight, rounded steel fiber | Straight white embossed fibers |
| Material | Low-carbon steel wire, copper-coated | - |
| Diameter, [mm] | 0.2 | 0.22 |
| Length, [mm] | 12 | 12 |
| Tensile strength, [MPa] | 2850 | 465 |
| Elastic modulus, [GPa] | 200 | 7.5 |
| Density, [kg/m3] | 7800 | 0.91 |
| Aspect ratio | 60 | 60 |
Table 3:
Concrete mixture proportions for NC and HPC mixtures
| concrete | Cement [kg/m3] | Fine aggregate [kg/m3] | Coarse aggregate [kg/m3] | Silica fume [kg/m3] | Fiber in [%] of volume fraction | water | HRWR [%] | Ƒc̀ [MPa] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NC | 400 | 640 | 932 | - | - | 180 | - | 35 |
| HPCSF | 360 | 720 | 1050 | 90 | 1% | 157.5 | 0.8% | 70.6 |
| HPCPPF | 360 | 720 | 1050 | 90 | 1% | 157.5 | 1.2% | 68.2 |
| HPCHF | 360 | 720 | 1050 | 90 | 0.25%steel/0.75% polypropylene | 157.5 | 1.2% | 70.1 |
Figure 1:
Preparation for moulds and specimen: (a) specimen; (b) wooden moulds
Figure 2:
Shaking table
Figure 3:
LVDT and KTR
Figure 4:
Test set-up and details of the instrumentations
Figure 5:
Concrete slab in a laminar box on a shaking table
Figure 6:
Displacement tests of shaking table: (a) NC samples; (b) PPF sample; (c) SF Sample; (d) HF sample
Figure 7:
Strain gauge Relationship between micro strength and time: (a) NC; (b) PPF; (c) SF; (d) HF
Figure 8:
Acceleration test with time in shaking table: (a) NC; (b) PPF; (c) SF; (d) HF