Figure 1:
Tough fix hyper
Table 1:
Properties of the TFH additive in relation to manufacturing attributes
| Property | Unit | Value | Specification | Testing method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Colour | yellow | |||
| Shape | slender | |||
| Melt in asphalt | good | |||
| Softening point | °C | 130 | ≥110 | ASTM D 3461 |
| Flash and fire points | °C | 297 | ≥250 | ASTM D 92-02b |
| Density of 150°C | g/cm3 | 0.929 | 0.87±0.13 | ASTM D 3142 |
Figure 2:
The study's use of gradation and its limitations
Figure 3:
Experimental program flowchart
Table 2:
The base bitumen's physical characteristics with 0.15%TFH
| No. | Test Name | Unit | 60/70 binder | 60/70 binder + 0.15% TFH | Specifications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Penetration at 25°C, 0.1 mm | 1/10mm | 63 | 63 | 60÷70 |
| 2 | Softening point (Ring and Ball Method) | °C | 48.3 | 48.8 | ≥46 |
| 3 | Dynamic viscosity at 60°C | Pa.s | 259.2 | 269.3 | ≥180 |
| 4 | Ductility at 25°C - 5cm/min | cm | >100 | >100 | ≥100 |
| 5 | Paraffin content | % | 1.1 | 1.12 | ≤ 2.2 |
| 6 | Flash point (Cleveland open cup) | °C | 315 | 312 | ≥232 |
| 7 | Density at 25°C | g/cm3 | 1.028 | 1.027 | 1.0÷1.05 |
| TFOT (Thin Film Oven Test) | |||||
| 1 | Change of mass | % | 0.02 | 0.02 | ≤0.8 |
| 2 | Retained penetration | 1/10mm | 86.28 | 86.40 | ≥54 |
| 3 | Ductility at 25°C | cm | >100 | >100 | ≥50 |
Figure 3:
G*/ sinδ versus temperatures for fresh and RTFOT conditions
Figure 4:
G*sinδ for RTFOT plus (PAV-aged) conditions in relation to temperature
Figure 5:
Picture of the specimens after 12 months
Figure 6:
Marshall characteristics of AC mixture: a) Marshall stability and b) Marshall quotient
Figure 7:
The comparison of IDT strength
Figure 8:
The comparison of TSR value
Figure 9:
The rut depth of AC mixture at 20000 loading cycles
Figure 10:
Effect of condition period on IDT values
Figure 11:
Reduction ratios of tensile strength