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Protection of Concrete Structures in the Interstitial Space of Industrial Chimneys Against the Effects of Condensate Cover

Protection of Concrete Structures in the Interstitial Space of Industrial Chimneys Against the Effects of Condensate

Open Access
|May 2026

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Comparison of damage on the upper edge in 2020 (a) with the intact condition in 2012 (b) (Pesata, 2024)

Table 1:

Determination of the strength of individual samples along the height of the base (Pesata, 2024)

ID / Elevation [m]Compressive strength [MPa]Corrected cube compressive strength [MPa]Recalculated per ČSN EN 13791
Z1 / + 8.029.733.4C 20/25
Z2 / + 12.023.826.8C 16/20
Z3 / + 16.020.623.4C 16/20
Z4 / + 19.022.324.8C 16/20
Z5 / + 20.022.825.7C 16/20
Z6 / +20.518.520.6C 16/20
Z8 / +21.013.415.1C 8/10
Z9 / +21.014.916.7C 8/10
Z10 / +22.514.616.4C 8/10
Z12 / +22.513.715.8C 8/10
Figure 2:

Microscopic image of incrustations collected during condensate analysis (Pesata, 2024)

Figure 3:

The resulting reactions of the incrustation sample, as determined by a combination of DSC and TG methods (Pesata, 2024)

Table 2:

Material composition of individual samples (Pesata, 2024)

Quantity of Raw Materials per 1 L of Mixture [g]
MaterialSSCSVEPXUHPC
Finely ground blast furnace slag425350xx
Desulfurization product143.8xxx
Fly ash12.5xxx
Cement CEM I 42.5R12.5150x650
Silica sand1787.5150010001330
Water243.8195x150
Plasticizer – Glenium 300x7xx
White microsilicaxxx70
Ground limestone, grade 8xxx80
MasterGlenium ACE 300xxx26
CHRYSOFluid Optima 185xxx13
Epoxy resin CHS-EPOXY 517xx100x
Hardener Telalit 0846xx44x
Figure 4:

View of the samples in the interspace after six months of exposure (before decontamination) (Pesata, 2024)

Figure 5:

Detail of beams stored in the laboratory (from left to right – EPX, SV, UHPC, and SSC) (Pesata, 2024)

Table 3:

Comparison of bending strength and compressive strength on test specimens (Pesata, 2024)

Material TypeReference compressive strength at 28 daysStrength in interspace after 6 monthsChange in strength
Bending strength [MPa]Compressive strength [MPa]Bending strength [MPa]Compressive strength [MPa]Bending strength [%]Compressive strength [%]
SSC6.826.26.524.4−4.41 %−6.87 %
SV12.563.111.256.4−16.80 %−10.62 %
UHPC24.0121.221.579.1−17.08 %−34.74 %
EPX26.568.025.062.4−5.66 %−8.24 %
Figure 6:

Compressive strength reductions (Pesata, 2024)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cee-2026-0106 | Journal eISSN: 2199-6512 (formerly 1336-5835) | Journal ISSN: 1336-5835
Language: English
Submitted on: Jan 19, 2026
Accepted on: Apr 2, 2026
Published on: May 21, 2026
Published by: University of Žilina
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2026 Michal Pesata, Oldrich Sucharda, Vlastimil Bilek, published by University of Žilina
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.