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Enhancing the Autogenous Shrinkage Behaviour of High-Strength Concrete by Using Water Absorption Polymer Balls Cover

Enhancing the Autogenous Shrinkage Behaviour of High-Strength Concrete by Using Water Absorption Polymer Balls

Open Access
|Jun 2026

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Water absorption polymer balls (WAPB) in concrete mixes

Figure 2:

Specimen for autogenous shrinkage testing

Figure 3:

Compressive strength development of different mixes with time

Figure 4:

% Enhancement and standard errors in compressive strength with age compared to the reference mix

Figure 5:

The expansion zone [200 mm] of the autogenous shrinkage test

Figure 6:

The contraction zone [100mm] of the autogenous shrinkage test

Figure 7:

Autogenous shrinkage of the mixes with Age for both expansion and contraction zones

Figure 8:

SEM images declare the enhancement in the microstructure of concrete when using WAPB

Polypropylene fibre characteristics

CharacteristicsPP
Diameter [µm]0.032
Length [mm]12
Elongation [%]10
Tensile strength [MPa]600 – 700
Modulus of elasticity [GPa]36
ShapeStraight
Density [kg/m3]910
ColourWhite

The development of compressive strength of all the mixes with time

Age [ Days]Ref. [MPa]1%PP [MPa]WAPB [MPa]Hybrid [MPa]
753535561
2867687275
6070717476
9073737779

Properties of superplasticizer

PropertiesDescription
Commercial nameViscoCrete-180 GS
PH4–6
ColourLight brownish liquid
Chloride contentNil
Specific gravity, [g/cm3]1.070

The mix proportions for 65 MPa

MaterialRef. mix1% PP fibre mixWAPB mixHybrid mix
Cement [kg/m3]450450450450
Sand [kg/m3]760760760760
Coarse aggregate [kg/m3]810810810810
Silica Fume [kg/m3]50505050
w/b0.350.350.350.35
Superplasticizer%1.51.511
PP fibres%-1.0-1.0
WAPB%--55
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cee-2026-0072 | Journal eISSN: 2199-6512 | Journal ISSN: 1336-5835
Language: English
Page range: 967 - 977
Submitted on: Sep 20, 2025
Accepted on: Oct 19, 2025
Published on: Jun 19, 2026
Published by: University of Žilina
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2026 Ikram Al-Mulla, Ammar Al-Rihimy, published by University of Žilina
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.