Figure 1:
Details of flume used
Figure 2:
The experimental models
Figure 3:
Stepped spillway models
Table 1:
Characteristics of models
| Model | Main angle (degree) | Height of steps (cm) | Length of steps (cm) | Number of steps | Model Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1 | 45 | 6 | 6 | 5 | Uniform without baffle |
| M2 | 45 | 6 | 6 | 5 | Uniform with B/2 baffle |
| M3 | 45 | 6 | 6 | 5 | Uniform with B/2.5 baffle |
| M4 | 45 | 6 | 6 | 5 | Uniform with B/3 baffle |
| M5 | 45 | - | 6 | 5 | Non-uniform without baffle |
| M6 | 45 | - | 6 | 5 | Non-uniform with B/2 baffle |
| M7 | 45 | - | 6 | 5 | Non-uniform with B/2.5 baffle |
| M8 | 45 | - | 6 | 5 | Non-uniform with B/3 baffle |
| M9 | 45 | 3 | 3 | 10 | Uniform without baffle |
| M10 | 45 | 3 | 3 | 10 | Uniform with B/2 baffle |
| M11 | 45 | 3 | 3 | 10 | Uniform with B/2.5 baffle |
| M12 | 45 | 3 | 3 | 10 | Uniform with B/3 baffle |
| M13 | 45 | 3.8 | - | 10 | Non-uniform without baffle |
| M14 | 45 | 3.8 | - | 10 | Non-uniform with B/2 baffle |
| M15 | 45 | 3.8 | - | 10 | Non-uniform with B/2.5 baffle |
| M16 | 45 | 3.8 | - | 10 | Non-uniform with B/3 baffle |
Table 2:
Discharge used in 7 runs
| Run NO | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q(l/s) | 3.11 | 5.51 | 7.67 | 10.28 | 12.52 | 14.83 | 16.41 |
| q(l/s/m) | 10.33 | 18.56 | 25.56 | 34.26 | 41.73 | 49.43 | 54.70 |
Figure 4:
Discharge calibration curve
Table 3:
The classification of parameters affected in (MLT)
| Variable | Definition | Dimension |
|---|---|---|
| Fluid properties | ||
| P | Mass flow density | ML−3 |
| μ | Dynamic viscosity | ML−1T−1 |
| G | Gravity of acceleration | LT−2 |
| Flow characteristics | ||
| y | the flow depth over the crest level in upstream spillway | L |
| yc | Critical depth of flow | L |
| y1 | flow depth just downstream the spillway | L |
| v1 | water velocity just downstream the spillway | LT−1 |
| vc | Critical velocity over the spillway | LT−1 |
| ΔE | the total energy loss | - |
| Spillway geometry properties | ||
| h | the step height | L |
| H | the total height of the spillway | L |
| l | the step length | L |
| B | the channel width | L |
| N | the number of steps | - |
Figure 5:
Relationship between Froude number and ∆E/E0 % for uniform 5 stepped spillway
Figure 6:
Relationship between Froude number and ∆E/E0 % for non-uniform 5 stepped spillway
Figure 7:
Relationship between Froude number and ∆E/E0 % for a uniform 10-stepped spillway
Figure 8.
Relationship between Froude number and ∆E/E0 % for a non-uniform 10-stepped spillway
Figure 9:
Relationship between hydraulic jump length and discharge for a uniform 5-stepped spillway
Figure 10:
Relationship between hydraulic jump length and discharge for a non-uniform 5-stepped spillway
Figure 11:
Relationship between hydraulic jump length and discharge for the uniform 10-stepped spillway
Figure 12:
Relationship between hydraulic jump length and discharge for a non-uniform 10-stepped spillway
Figure 13:
Comparison of equation 4 with experimental data