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Experimental Investigation of Energy Dissipation over Uniform and Non-uniform Steppes Spillway with Different Baffle Block Distribution Cover

Experimental Investigation of Energy Dissipation over Uniform and Non-uniform Steppes Spillway with Different Baffle Block Distribution

Open Access
|Jun 2026

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Details of flume used

Figure 2:

The experimental models

Figure 3:

Stepped spillway models

Figure 4:

Discharge calibration curve

Figure 5:

Relationship between Froude number and ∆E/E0 % for uniform 5 stepped spillway

Figure 6:

Relationship between Froude number and ∆E/E0 % for non-uniform 5 stepped spillway

Figure 7:

Relationship between Froude number and ∆E/E0 % for a uniform 10-stepped spillway

Figure 8.

Relationship between Froude number and ∆E/E0 % for a non-uniform 10-stepped spillway

Figure 9:

Relationship between hydraulic jump length and discharge for a uniform 5-stepped spillway

Figure 10:

Relationship between hydraulic jump length and discharge for a non-uniform 5-stepped spillway

Figure 11:

Relationship between hydraulic jump length and discharge for the uniform 10-stepped spillway

Figure 12:

Relationship between hydraulic jump length and discharge for a non-uniform 10-stepped spillway

Figure 13:

Comparison of equation 4 with experimental data

Discharge used in 7 runs

Run NO1234567
Q(l/s)3.115.517.6710.2812.5214.8316.41
q(l/s/m)10.3318.5625.5634.2641.7349.4354.70

The classification of parameters affected in (MLT)

VariableDefinitionDimension
Fluid properties
PMass flow densityML−3
μDynamic viscosityML−1T−1
GGravity of accelerationLT−2
Flow characteristics
ythe flow depth over the crest level in upstream spillwayL
ycCritical depth of flowL
y1flow depth just downstream the spillwayL
v1water velocity just downstream the spillwayLT−1
vcCritical velocity over the spillwayLT−1
ΔEthe total energy loss-
Spillway geometry properties
hthe step heightL
Hthe total height of the spillwayL
lthe step lengthL
Bthe channel widthL
Nthe number of steps-

Characteristics of models

ModelMain angle (degree)Height of steps (cm)Length of steps (cm)Number of stepsModel Details
M145665Uniform without baffle
M245665Uniform with B/2 baffle
M345665Uniform with B/2.5 baffle
M445665Uniform with B/3 baffle
M545-65Non-uniform without baffle
M645-65Non-uniform with B/2 baffle
M745-65Non-uniform with B/2.5 baffle
M845-65Non-uniform with B/3 baffle
M9453310Uniform without baffle
M10453310Uniform with B/2 baffle
M11453310Uniform with B/2.5 baffle
M12453310Uniform with B/3 baffle
M13453.8-10Non-uniform without baffle
M14453.8-10Non-uniform with B/2 baffle
M15453.8-10Non-uniform with B/2.5 baffle
M16453.8-10Non-uniform with B/3 baffle
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cee-2026-0065 | Journal eISSN: 2199-6512 | Journal ISSN: 1336-5835
Language: English
Page range: 941 - 953
Submitted on: Oct 9, 2025
Accepted on: Nov 4, 2025
Published on: Jun 19, 2026
Published by: University of Žilina
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2026 Noor S. Hussein, Teba S. Hussein, Weam A. Mohmmed, published by University of Žilina
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.