Figure 1:
Flowchart of the Experimental Work
Table 1:
Table caption, the numbering is automatic, use “Update Field”
| Property | Results | Limit |
|---|---|---|
| Initial setting time | 102 | More than 45 min. |
| Final setting time | 218 | Less than 600 min. |
| Compressive strength at 3 days | 14.5 | More than 8 MPa |
| Compressive strength at 7 days | 24.6 | More than 15 MPa |
Figure 2:
Grading of Coarse Aggregate
Figure 3:
Grading of Fine Aggregate
Table 2:
Properties of end-hooked steel fiber
| Test Items | Specification | Results of Test | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile Fiber Strength [Mpa] | ≥ 1100 | 1185 | Passed |
| Fiber Length [mm] | 35 ± 0.5 % | 35.5 | Passed |
| Fiber Diameter [mm] | 0.55 ± 0.5 % | 0.51 | Passed |
| Aspect Ratio | 65 ± 5 | 69.6 | Passed |
| Qualified Rate of Shape [%] | ≥ 90 | 98 | Passed |
| Content of Impurity | ≤ 1 | 0.1 | Passed |
Table 3:
Properties of corrugated steel fiber
| Test Items | Specification | Results of Test | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile Fiber Strength [Mpa] | 1100 – 1400 | 1140 | Passed |
| Fiber Length [mm] | 30 ± 5 % | 31.4 | Passed |
| Fiber Diameter [mm] | 0.75 ± 0.5% | 0.76 | Passed |
| Aspect Ratio | 40 ± 5% | 41.31 | Passed |
| Qualified Rate of Shape [%] | ≥ 90 | 98 | Passed |
| Content of Impurity | ≤ 1 | 0.1 | Passed |
Table 4:
Typical properties of hematite powder
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Appearance | Red to brown powder |
| Specific gravity | Min. 5.05 |
| PH (1% Solution) | Min. 6.5 |
| Solubility | Insoluble in water |
| Alkalinity | Max. 100 ppm |
| Mesh Size | Max 1.5% wt Retained by Mesh 200 |
Table 5:
Results of Compressive Strength
| Cube Symbol | Compressive Strength [MPa] | Average [MPa] |
|---|---|---|
| F0-1 | 68.7 | 66 |
| F0-2 | 64.4 | |
| F0-3 | 65.2 |
Figure 5:
Compressive Strength Test
Figure 6:
Splitting Test
Figure 7:
Modulus of Elasticity Test
Table 6:
Results of Compressive Strength (First Stage)
| Steel Fiber Ratio [%] | Compressive Strength [MPa] | Increment Ratio [%] | Shape of Steel Fiber |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 65.53 | - | Nil |
| 0.5 | 66.63 | 1.67 | End hooked |
| 1 | 68.17 | 4.03 | End hooked |
| 1.5 | 73.57 | 12.27 | End hooked |
| 1.5 | 72.88 | 11.21 | Corrugated |
| 1.5 | 74.5 | 13.68 | Mixed |
Figure 8:
Effect of Steel Fiber on Compressive Strength (First Stage)
Table 7:
Results of Tensile Strength (First Stage)
| Steel Fiber Ratio [%] | Tensile Strength [MPa] | Increment Ratio [%] | Shape of Steel Fiber |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 6.55 | - | Nil |
| 0.5 | 7.10 | 8.39 | End hooked |
| 1 | 7.67 | 17.09 | End hooked |
| 1.5 | 8.12 | 23.96 | End hooked |
| 1.5 | 8.01 | 22.29 | Corrugated |
| 1.5 | 8.89 | 35.72 | Mixed |
Figure 9:
Effect of Steel Fiber on Tensile Strength (First Stage)
Table 8:
Modulus of Elasticity (First Stage)
| Steel Fiber Ratio [%] | Cylinder Compressive Strength [MPa] | Modulus of Elasticity [MPa] | Shape of Steel Fiber |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 57 | 32564 | Nil |
| 0.5 | 58 | 32794 | End hooked |
| 1 | 59.4 | 33114 | End hooked |
| 1.5 | 64 | 34214 | End hooked |
| 1.5 | 63.4 | 34064 | Corrugated |
| 1.5 | 64.8 | 34384 | Mixed |
Table 9:
Results of Compressive Strength (Second Stage)
| Steel Fiber Ratio [%] | Hematite Ratio [%] | Compressive Strength [MPa] | Increment Ratio [%] | Shape of Steel Fiber |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.5 | 0 | 74.5 | - | Mixed |
| 1.5 | 0.5 | 76.34 | 2.46 | Mixed |
| 1.5 | 1 | 78.12 | 4.85 | Mixed |
| 1.5 | 1.5 | 80.32 | 7.81 | Mixed |
| 1.5 | 2.5 | 83.56 | 12.16 | Mixed |
| 1.5 | 3.5 | 77.89 | 4.55 | Mixed |
| 1.5 | 5 | 75.23 | 0.97 | Mixed |
Figure 10:
Effect of Hematite Powder on Compressive Strength (Second Stage)
Table 10:
Results of Compressive Strength (Second Stage)
| Steel Fiber Ratio [%] | Hematite Ratio [%] | Tensile Strength [MPa] | Increment Ratio [%] | Shape of Steel Fiber |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.5 | 0 | 8.89 | - | Mixed |
| 1.5 | 0.5 | 9.04 | 1.68 | Mixed |
| 1.5 | 1 | 9.08 | 2.13 | Mixed |
| 1.5 | 1.5 | 9.16 | 3.03 | Mixed |
| 1.5 | 2.5 | 9.26 | 4.16 | Mixed |
| 1.5 | 3.5 | 8.59 | 0.96 | Mixed |
| 1.5 | 5 | 8.45 | 0.94 | Mixed |
Figure 11:
Effect of Hematite Powder on Tensile Strength (Second Stage)