Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Effects of Basalt Fiber on the Mechanical and Frost Resistance of Geopolymer-Stabilized Aeolian Sand Gravel Cover

Effects of Basalt Fiber on the Mechanical and Frost Resistance of Geopolymer-Stabilized Aeolian Sand Gravel

By: ,  ,  ,  ,   and    
Open Access
|Jun 2026

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

SEM images of steel slag micro powder and FA

Figure 2:

Particle size distribution and appearance characteristics of aeolian sand

Figure 3:

Flow chart of specimen preparation procedure

Figure 4:

Unconfined compressive strength of geopolymer at different curing age

Figure 5:

Compaction test results

Figure 6:

Effects of geopolymer dosages on mechanical properties

Figure 7:

Effect of fibre on compressive strength of mixture

Figure 8:

Effect of fibre on splitting strength of mixture

Figure 9:

Mass change rate of mixture under different freeze-thaw cycles

Figure 10:

SEM and XRD images of geopolymer

Figure 11:

Interface between the fibres and the mixture

Figure 12:

SEM-EDS images of FGSG at different curing ages

Figure 13:

Microstructure evolution of specimens with different freeze-thaw cycles

Chemical composition of the steel slag micro powder and FA

Chemical compositionSiO2Al2O3CaOFe2O3K2OMgOP2O5Na2O
Content (%)Steel slag micro powder21.044.6130.8224.390.112.470.631.85
FA53.2431.374.263.95-1.49--

Design experimental for FGSG

NumberVolume fraction [v%]Fiber length [mm]
B0L000
B1L10.059
B1L20.0512
B1L30.0515
B1L40.0518
B2L10.19
B2L20.112
B2L30.115
B2L40.118
B3L10.159
B3L20.1512
B3L30.1515
B3L40.1518
B4L10.29
B4L20.212
B4L30.215
B4L40.218

Orthogonal experiment table of geopolymer

NumberSlag-to-powder ratioAlkali content [%]Water glass modulus
A12:861.2
A22:881.6
A32:8101.4
A43:761.6
A53:781.4
A63:7101.2
A74:661.4
A84:681.2
A94:6101.6

Compressive strength range analysis table

7d compressive strength28d compressive strength
Slag-to-powder ratioAlkali contentWater glass modulusSlag-to-powder ratioAlkali contentWater glass modulus
k11.731.671.676.986.686.68
k21.922.062.017.518.177.90
k31.511.431.486.085.725.98
R0.410.630.531.432.451.92

Physical properties of FA

Fineness (45μm) [%]Water demand [%]Loss on ignition [%]Moisture content [%]Specific surface area [cm2.g−1]
18.9872.50.033025

Technical indicators of aeolian sand

Bulk density [g·cm−3]Apparent density [g·cm−3]Natural moisture content [%]Mud content [%]Weight density [KN·m−3]
1.6292.8421.581.5216.6

Compressive strength variance analysis table

7d compressive strength28d compressive strength
Slag-to-powder ratioAlkali contentWater glass modulusSlag-to-powder ratioAlkali contentWater glass modulus
SS0.2520.6090.4353.1549.1255.665
DF222222
MS0.1260.3040.2171.5774.5632.832
F33.09979.85757.02915.10043.68827.122
P0.0290.0120.0170.0620.0220.036

Effect of different number of freeze-thaw cycles on BDR

GroupRC / MPaCyclesRDC / MPaBDR / [%]CyclesRDC / MPaBDR / %
B3L04.9634.7094.7694.2685.89
B3L15.2034.9895.7794.5186.73
B3L25.3735.2197.0294.8089.39
B3L35.3135.1596.9994.7188.70
B3L45.2535.0796.5794.6388.19
B3L04.9664.4990.52124.0080.64
B3L15.2064.7891.92124.2281.15
B3L25.3765.0393.67124.4582.87
B3L35.3164.9593.22124.3782.29
B3L45.2564.8792.76124.3081.90
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cee-2026-0025 | Journal eISSN: 2199-6512 | Journal ISSN: 1336-5835
Language: English
Page range: 585 - 605
Submitted on: Jul 11, 2025
Accepted on: Aug 14, 2025
Published on: Jun 19, 2026
Published by: University of Žilina
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2026 Jie Liu, Bo Wu, Chao Pu, Jizhen Bao, Chunsheng Zhu, Bin Wang, published by University of Žilina
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.