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Modeling Factors Influencing Motorcycle Riders’ Decision When Facing Pedestrians at Unsignalized Mid-Block Crosswalks: A Case Study from Bangkok Cover

Modeling Factors Influencing Motorcycle Riders’ Decision When Facing Pedestrians at Unsignalized Mid-Block Crosswalks: A Case Study from Bangkok

Open Access
|Mar 2026

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1:

Study locations and samples of crosswalk colours.

Fig. 2:

Schematic of the unsignalized midblock crosswalk and video camera set up.

Fig. 3:

Mode share at the selected crosswalks.

Fig. 4:

Motorcyclists’ decisions and the pedestrian movement directions.

Fig. 5:

Distribution of headway time.

Fig. 6:

Stopping rates across different pedestrian movement types and crosswalk design features.

List of variables_

VariablesDefinitionValues% Observation

Dependent variable

Motorcyclists’ decisionsStop154%
Not stop0

Independent Variables

HeadwayTime in seconds Continuous variable

Pedestrian movement directionsMovement type 2126.5%
Movement type 327.7%
Movement type 4314.1%
Movement type 5418.6%
Movement type 10

Motorcycle rider and pillion passengersOnly rider178.5%
Otherwise0

Type of motorcycleStandard motorcycles171.0%
Delivery motorcycles217.2%
Motorcycle taxis0

Motorcyclist ageOld motorcycle riders124.5%
Young motorcycle riders075.5%

Proximity of other vehicles nearby a motorcyclistLeft17.6%
Right223.1%
Both sides34.0%
None0

Number of crossing pedestriansMultiple pedestrian169.7%
Single pedestrian0

Median typesRaised median153.4%
No median0

Crosswalk colorsRed-white crosswalk140.3%
Black-white crosswalk0

Crosswalk characteristics_

Crosswalk No.Functional classificationGeometryTraffic
Crosswalk width and length [m]No. of lanesMedian typesCrosswalk colorsMCPCPedestrians
[veh/h][ped/h]
1Collector Rd.7.00*15.004 lanesNo medianBlack-white722654445
2Arterial Rd.5.00*17.006 lanesNo median1034875201
3Arterial Rd.5.50*6.504 lanesRaised median1305952288
4Arterial Rd.5.40*9.006 lanesRaised median7798891725
5Arterial Rd.9.00*14.004 lanesNo medianRed-white755807387
6Collector Rd.9.00*18.006 lanesNo median1144750129
7Arterial Rd.9.00*6.504 lanesRaised median872641229
8Arterial Rd.9.00*10.006 lanesRaised median1189873140

Binary logistic regression analysis of motorcyclist behavior_

Independent variablesCoefficientStd. ErrorWaldSig.Exp(B)C.I. for Exp(B)
LowerUpper
Time−1.5590.111196.7010.0000.2100.1690.262
Pedestrian movement directions:
Movement type 2i0.8300.17123.4910.0002.2941.6403.209
Movement type 3i4.8800.383162.4060.000131.60762.136278.752
Movement type 4i5.4540.391195.0270.000233.645108.677502.313
Movement type 5i5.0260.320246.3470.000152.35781.355285.394
Proximity of other vehicles at leftii1.0910.24020.6550.0002.9781.8604.768
Proximity of other vehicles at rightii1.2250.17946.7400.0003.4062.3974.840
Proximity of other vehicles at both sidesii1.7870.39020.9560.0005.9692.77812.826
Standard motorcyclesiii0.2060.2200.8740.3501.2290.7981.892
Delivery motorcyclesiii0.0380.2690.0200.8891.0380.6131.760
Motorcycle rider and pillion passengers: only rider0.0580.1640.1240.7251.0590.7681.461
Old motorcycle riders−0.1610.1610.9990.3180.8510.6211.167
Multiple pedestrians crossing0.4500.1499.0840.0031.5691.1712.102
Raised median−0.0110.1790.0040.9500.9890.6971.404
Red-white crosswalks1.1260.19732.8310.0003.0842.0984.533
Red-white crosswalk * raised median−0.8950.27011.0380.0010.4080.2410.693
Constant−0.6050.2954.2070.0400.546
Related statistics
Number of observations1957
−2 Log likelihood1478.393
Cox and Snell R square0.465
Nagelkerke R square0.621
Chi-square8.284 (8)*
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cee-2026-0002 | Journal eISSN: 2199-6512 | Journal ISSN: 1336-5835
Language: English
Page range: 16 - 27
Published on: Mar 24, 2026
Published by: University of Žilina
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

© 2026 Tanawan Sutantaviboon, Kunnawee Kanitpong, published by University of Žilina
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.