Table 1.
Soil samples using in research.
| Sample | Localisation | Before flood# | After flood# |
|---|---|---|---|
| O1 | Kantarowice (50°44′41.4″N, 17°35′32.1″E), municipality Lewin Brzeski, Opole voivodeship; floodwater from Nysa Kłodzka | winter wheat conventional cultivation | 2024: Ploughing; microbiological preparation; |
| 2025: nitrogen fertiliser, chicken manure, disc harrowing, maize sowing | |||
| D3 | Krosnowice (50°24′04.5″N, 16°38′10.4″E), municipality Kłodzko, Lower Silesia voivodeship; floodwater from Nysa Kłodzka | winter wheat conventional cultivation | 2024: Ploughing; |
| 2025: NPK+S+Mg fertiliser, soybean sowing |
Figure 1.
Photographs from fields selected to research: A) field O1, year 2024 ; B) field D3, year 2024 (auhor’s photographs, K.F.).
Figure 2.
Enzymatic activity in selected soils at two sampling dates – September 2024, and April 2025. (A) Field O1 from the Opole voivodeship; (B) Field D3 from the Lower Silesia voivodeship. DHa – dehydrogenases activity [μg TPF g−1 d.m. of soil 24 h−1]; AcP – acid phosphatase activity [μg PNP g−1 d.m. of soil 1 h−1]; AlP – alkaline phosphatase activity [μg PNP g−1 d.m. of soil 1 h−1]. The values show the mean of n = 3 ± SD. Different letters (a-b) indicate statistically significant differences at P ≤ 0.05 for a given enzyme (One Way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD test).
Figure 3.
Comparison of metabolic activity (AWCD) and diversity (H’) of soil microorganisms at two sampling dates – September 2024, and April 2025. (A) Field O1 in the Opole voivodeship; (B) Field D3 in the Lower Silesia voivodeship. AWCD – index of metabolic activity; H’ – metabolic diversity index. Values show the mean of n = 3 ± SD. Different letters (a-b) indicate statistically significant differences at P ≤ 0.05 for a given index (One Way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD test).