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Most widely used methods for measurements of vulnerability curves (VCs)_ The methods of embolism induction and measurements of conductivity loss can be, to a certain extent, combined_ In the last column is given a rough estimation of costs in terms of time/resources allocation needed to obtain a complete VC_Tabelle 1_ Weltweit eingesetzte Methoden zur Messung der Verwundbarkeitskurven (VCs)_ Die Methoden der Embolieauslösung und der Messung des Verlustes der hydraulischen Leitfähigkeit können in gewissem Umfang kombiniert werden_ In der letzten Spalte finden Sie eine grobe Kostenschätzung im Hinblick auf die Zeit-/Ressourcenaufteilung, die erforderlich ist, um eine vollständige VC zu erhalten_
| Methods | Description | Costs: time/resources |
|---|---|---|
| Induction of embolisms | ||
| Bench dehydration | The sample is dried down in the air | High/low |
| Air injection | Pressurization of the sample in a pressure collar | Low/medium |
| Centrifugation | Rotation of the sample in a modified centrifuge* | Low/medium |
| Measurements of conductivity loss | ||
| Hydraulic method | Gravimetric measurements of flow through the sample under a known pressure head | Medium/low |
| Acoustic method | Recording of acoustic emissions induced by cavitation | Medium/medium |
| Cryo-SEM | Snap freezing of the sample, sectioning, and observation with a cryo-SEM microscope | High/high |
| Magnetic resonance imaging | The sample is scanned with magnetic resonance to visualize the water content in conduits | High/high |
| Micro tomography | X-ray scan of the sample and visualization of functional and nonfunctional conduits | High/high |
| Optical method | The embolism propagation is monitored with scanners or cameras | Low/low |