Effect of seed size on soil cover, yield, yield components and nitrogen uptake of two-row malting barley

Tabelle 1.Langjährige monatliche Durchschnittstemperaturen und - niederschläge (1983-2012) und die Abweichungen in den Vegetationsperioden 2012 und 2013

	Temperature (°C)			Precipitation (mm)

	Mean	2012	2013	Mean	2012	2013

	(1983-2012)	(±)	(±)	(1983-2012)	(±)	(±)
March	5.9	2.8	-2.4	37.8	-21.8	-11.8
April	11.1	0.3	0.8	36.6	-10.4	-25.7
May	15.8	1.4	0.0	57.9	-31.1	29.6
June	18.7	2.2	0.1	72.7	-26.2	30.9
July	21.1	1.3	1.4	64.6	75.3	-52.9

Soil coverage of malting barley as affected by (A) variety in 2012 and 2013 and (B) seed size in 2012. Error bars are LSD (p < 0.05).
Abbildung 1. Bodenbedeckung von Braugerste, beeinflusst von (A) der Sorte in den Jahren 2012 und 2013 und (B) der Korngröße im Jahr 2012. Die Fehlerbalken zeigen die Grenzdifferenz (p < 0,05).

Table 2

Yield and yield components of malting barley as affected by seed size, variety and year

Tabelle 2. Ertrag und Ertragsstruktur von Braugerste, beeinflusst von der Korngröße, der Sorte und dem Jahr

	Plant length	AGDM¹	Grain yield	Residue	Harvest index	Ear density	Grains	TKW	Grain density	Single ear yield	Distribution of grain fractions (%)

	(cm)	(g m^-2)	(g m^-2)	(g m^-2)	(%)	(m^-2)	(ear^-1)	(g)	(m^-2)	(g)	<2.2 mm	2.2-2.8 mm	>2.8 mm
Seed size
<2.5	59.4^a	717	329	347	45.7	492^b	15.9	42.2^a	7795	0.671	3.8	62.4	33.5
2.5-2.75	56.9^b	744	340	359	45.4	540^a	15.1	41.4^b	8187	0.628	4.1	66.6	29.2
2.75-3.25	56.7^b	720	340	342	46.9	523^a	15.9	41.1^b	8272	0.654	3.9	66.0	30.0
>3.25	57.0^b	765	350	372	45.6	544^a	15.4	41.8^ab	8374	0.642	3.9	65.3	30.7
Variety
Paula	56.6^b	717 ^b	326^b	350	45.3	533	15.5	39.4^b	8259	0.613^b	4.5^a	76.8^a	18.6^b
Tatum	58.3^a	756 ^a	353^a	359	46.4	517	15.6	43.9^a	8055	0.684^a	3.4^b	53.3^b	43.2^a
Year
2012	54.3^b	725	306^b	419^a	41.9^b	528	14.4^b	40.4^b	7568^b	0.581^b	3.1^b	72.2^a	24.7^b
2013	60.7^a	748	373^a	291^b	49.9^a	522	16.8^a	42.8^a	8746^a	0.716^a	4.7^a	57.9^b	37.1^a
ANOVA GLM
Seed size	*					**		*
Variety	**	**	*					***		***	***	***	***
Year	***		***	***	***		***	***	***	***	***	***	***
S × V						*		*	*
V × Y	**										***	***	***
S × V × Y	*

[i] ¹AGDM = Aboveground dry matter, ² HI = Harvest index, ³ TKW = Thousand kernel weight. Different letters indicate significant differences. Significant effects: p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**) and p < 0.001 (***). Blank cells indicate that no significant differences were found. No S × Y interactions occurred.

Table 3

Interaction of seed size × variety on ear density, thousand kernel weight (TKW) and grain density

Tabelle 3. Wechselwirkungen von Korngröße × Sorte auf die Ährendichte, das Tausendkorngewicht (TKW) und die Korndichte

Seed size	Ear density				TKW¹		Grain density

		(m^-2)			(g)			(m^-2)
(mm)	Paula		Tatum	Paula		Tatum	Paula		Tatum
< 2.5	520		464	39.9		44.6	8244		7346
2.5–2.75	525		556	39.8		42.9	7704		8670
2.75–3.25	525		520	38.9		43.3	8321		8223
> 3.25	562		526	38.9		44.6	8768		7980

LSD_0.05		41			1.2			1030

Table 4

Interaction of variety × year on the harvested seed size fractions

Tabelle 4. Wechselwirkungen von Korngröße × Sorte auf die Korngrößenkategorien im Erntegut

	< 2.2			2.2–2.8			> 2.8

	Paula		Tatum	Paula		Tatum	Paula		Tatum

					(%)
2012	4.2		4.7	87.3		66.3	8.4		28.8
2013	2.0		4.7	57.1		49.6	41.0		45.4

LSD_0.05		1.1			7.8			8.6

Table 5

Nitrogen (N) concentration, N yield and N utilization efficiency (NUtE) of malting barley as affected by seed size, variety and year

Tabelle 5. Stickstoffgehalt, -ertrag und -ausnutzungseffizienz (NUtE) von Braugerste, beeinflusst von der Korngröße, der Sorte und dem Jahr

	N concentration			N yield			NHI¹	NUtE
	Grain		Residue	Grain	Residue	AGDM		Grain		AGDM

		(%)			(g m^-2)		(%)		(g g^-1)
Seed size
< 2.5	1.90		0.60	6.20	2.09	8.29	74.3	39.7		87.5
2.5–2.75	1.76		0.62	5.94	2.23	8.17	71.9	41.9		93.0
2.75–3.25	1.82		0.61	6.15	2.11	8.26	74.1	41.0		87.7
> 3.25	1.83		0.62	6.40	2.28	8.67	73.2	40.5		89.4
Variety
Paula	1.82		0.61	5.95	2.14	8.08^b	73.1	40.4		89.8
Tatum	1.83		0.61	6.40	2.22	8.62^a	73.7	41.2		89.0
Year
2012	1.75^b		0.62	5.28^b	2.60^a	7.88^b	66.6^b	38.8^b		92.9^a
2013	1.90^a		0.60	7.07^a	1.75^b	8.82^a	80.2^a	42.8^a		85.9^b
ANOVA GLM
Seed size
Variety						*
Year	**			***	***	***	***	***		*

[i] ¹ NHI = Nitrogen harvest index. Different letters indicate significant differences. Significant effects: p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**) and p < 0.001 (***). Blank cells indicate that no significant differences were found. No significant effects were found for two- and three-way interactions.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/boku-2019-0008 | Journal eISSN: 2719-5430 (formerly 0006-5471) | Journal ISSN: 0006-5471

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Language: English, German

Page range: 89 - 98

Submitted on: Mar 19, 2019

Accepted on: Jul 22, 2019

Published on: Oct 26, 2019

Published by: Universität für Bodenkultur Wien

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: Volume open

Keywords:

Related subjects:

Ecology,

© 2019 Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner, Silvia Papst, Johannes Kemetter, Helmut Wagentristl, Ondřej Sedlář, Hans-Peter Kaul, published by Universität für Bodenkultur Wien
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 70 (2019): Issue 2 (June 2019)

Effect of seed size on soil cover, yield, yield components and nitrogen uptake of two-row malting barley

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