Figure 1
Study design diagram
Source: Author’s contribution.
Table 1
Swimmers’ training macrocycle structured according to British Swimming Federation Guidelines (Girls, 9–12 years)
| Research time | Number of trainings | Training unit diagram | Average distance |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Year (35 weeks) | Four training sessions per week | Warm up: 200–300 m | 1,500 m in 1 training session |
| Main part: 5 × 50 m only arms | |||
| 5 × 50 m only legs | |||
| 5 × 50 m coordination arms/legs | |||
| Cool down: 200–300 m | |||
| 2 × 100 m full style | |||
| 2 Year (35 weeks) | Four training sessions per week | Warm up: 30–400 m | 2,000 m in 1 training session |
| 6 × 50 m only arms | |||
| 6 × 50 m only legs | |||
| 6 × 50m coordination arms/legs | |||
| 5 × 100 m full style | |||
| Cool down: 200–300 m | |||
| 3 Years (35 weeks) | Four training sessions per week | Warm up: 300–400 m | 2,500 m in 1 training session |
| 5 × 100 m only arms | |||
| 5 × 100 m only legs | |||
| 5 × 100 m coordination arms/legs | |||
| 4 × 100 m full style | |||
| Cool down: 200–300 m |
Source: Author’s contribution.
Table 2
Descriptive statistics of motor performance tests conducted in both groups
| Group | Variable | Median | Min | Max | Q1 | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Biological age (year) | 12.29 | 9.86 | 16.44 | 11.41 | 13.45 |
| Reach jump (m) | 0.28 | 0.13 | 0.42 | 0.24 | 0.30 | |
| MPA (J) | 128.28 | 44.13 | 197.43 | 95.79 | 147.83 | |
| Run with claps test | 24.00 | 16.00 | 31.00 | 21.00 | 27.00 | |
| Standing long jump (cm) | 125 | 94 | 191 | 118 | 142 | |
| Horizontal scissors execution time (s) | 26.36 | 6.17 | 69.08 | 18.46 | 39.18 | |
| Swimmers | Biological age (year) | 11.70 | 9.98 | 16.37 | 11.06 | 12.70 |
| Reach jump (m) | 0.31 | 0.18 | 0.42 | 0.27 | 0.35 | |
| MPA (J) | 112.92 | 62.12 | 194.59 | 93.38 | 133.56 | |
| Run with claps test | 27.00 | 20.00 | 33.00 | 25.00 | 29.00 | |
| Standing long jump (m) | 1.59 | 1.16 | 1.89 | 1.45 | 1.68 | |
| Horizontal scissors execution time (s) | 51.84 | 8.89 | 142.02 | 37.16 | 65.95 |
Min – Minimum; Max – Maximum; Q1 – Lower quartile; Q3 – Upper quartile.
Source: Author’s contribution.
Figure 2
Changes in selected variables in the final measurements: (a) biological age (years); (b) vertical jump height (m); (c) Maximal anaerobic power (MPA) (J); (d) running in place with knee clapping (number of claps); (e) standing long jump (m); (f) duration of horizontal scissors (s)
Source: Author’s contribution.
Table 3
Results of variance inflation factor (VIF)
| Variable | VIF | Evaluation |
|---|---|---|
| Biological age | 6.88 | Moderate correlation |
| MPA | 2.20 | No correlation |
| Running in place | 1.82 | No correlation |
| Standing long jump | 2.17 | No correlation |
| Time of crossover scissors | 1.38 | No correlation |
Source: Author’s contribution.
Table 4
Regression models for Control and Swimmers
| Variable | Coefficient | p-value | CI low | CI high | R 2 | Adj R 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control group | ||||||
| Running in place – (number of claps) | 0.190 | < 0.001 | 0.086 | 0.293 | 0.228 | 0.199 |
| Standing long jump (m) | −0.952 | 0.318 | −2.837 | 0.934 | 0.228 | 0.199 |
| Time of crossover scissors (s) | 0.037 | 0.004 | 0.012 | 0.062 | 0.228 | 0.199 |
| Swimmers group | ||||||
| Running in place – (number of claps) | 0.263 | <0.001 | 0.168 | 0.358 | 0.573 | 0.557 |
| Standing long jump (m) | 4.883 | <0.001 | 3.329 | 6.437 | 0.573 | 0.557 |
| Time of crossover scissors (s) | 0.004 | 0.352 | −0.005 | 0.013 | 0.573 | 0.557 |
Source: Author’s contribution.
Table 5
Interaction Model (Group × Predictors)
| Variable | Coefficient | p-Value | CI Low | CI High | R² | Adj R² |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group_num | −10.651 | <0.001 | −14.982 | −6.320 | 0.401 | 0.374 |
| Running in place – (number of claps) | 0.190 | <0.001 | 0.099 | 0.280 | 0.401 | 0.374 |
| Group_num: Running in place (number of claps) | 0.073 | 0.316 | −0.071 | 0.217 | 0.401 | 0.374 |
| Standing long jump (m) | −0.952 | 0.256 | −2.600 | 0.697 | 0.401 | 0.374 |
| Group_num: Standing long jump (m) | 5.835 | <0.001 | 3.373 | 8.296 | 0.401 | 0.374 |
| Time of crossover scissors (s) | 0.037 | 0.001 | 0.015 | 0.059 | 0.401 | 0.374 |
| Group_num: Time of crossover scissors (s) | −0.033 | 0.008 | −0.057 | −0.009 | 0.401 | 0.374 |
Cl – Confidence Interval, R 2 – coefficient of determination (percentage of variance explained by the model), adj R 2 – adjusted coefficient of determination, ns – no significance.
Source: Author’s contribution.