The impact of a 3-year aerobic-based swimming training program on selected motor variables and anaerobic capacity in non-elite 10–2-year-old female swimmers

Mariusz Kuberski; Agnieszka Musial; Michalina Błażkiewicz; Jacek Wąsik

doi:10.2478/bhk-2026-0021

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The impact of a 3-year aerobic-based swimming training program on selected motor variables and anaerobic capacity in non-elite 10–2-year-old female swimmers

Biomedical Human Kinetics

Volume 18 (2026): Issue 1 (January 2026)

By: Mariusz Kuberski , Agnieszka Musial , Michalina Błażkiewicz and Jacek Wąsik

Open Access

|Aug 2026

Abstract

Study aim

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a structured swimming training program on selected motor abilities in young female swimmers compared to a control group. Material and methods: The study lasted 3 years. The experimental group included 14 swimmers (mean biological age at baseline: 10.52 years), while the control group consisted of 14 girls (mean biological age: 10.74 ± 0.62 years) who only participated in compulsory physical education classes. Every 6 months, both groups were tested for lower limb explosive strength, speed, and coordination, abdominal muscle strength, and anaerobic power (estimated using the vertical jump test).

Results

After 3 years of training, the swimming group demonstrated significantly better performance in lower limb explosive strength - standing long jump test (KW-H(1,168) = 66.173, p = 0.001), speed and coordination (KW-H(1,168) = 32.806, p < 0.001), reach jump (KW-H(1,168) = 12.433; p = 0.004), the horizontal scissors execution time (KW-H(1,168) = 43.915; p < 0.001). In contrast, the control group showed a higher median muscle power output (MPA); however, this difference was not statistically significant after Bonferroni correction compared with the swimmers.

Conclusions

A three-year endurance-based swimming training program can significantly improve girls’ motor skills and influence their biological maturation.

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2026-0021 | Journal eISSN: 2080-2234 | Journal ISSN: 2080-2234

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Language: English

Page range: 232 - 246

Submitted on: Oct 1, 2025

Accepted on: Apr 14, 2026

Published on: Aug 4, 2026

Published by: University of Physical Education in Warsaw

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

Females,

Related subjects:

Basic medical science,

Basic medical science, other,

Sports and recreation,

Physical education,

Sports and recreation, other

© 2026 Mariusz Kuberski, Agnieszka Musial, Michalina Błażkiewicz, Jacek Wąsik, published by University of Physical Education in Warsaw
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 18 (2026): Issue 1 (January 2026)