Changes in germination parameters of seven sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) varieties due to treating with gibberellic and ascorbic acids

Béla Biró-Janka; Imre-István Nyárádi; Marcel Matei Duda; Beáta Demeter; Andrea Nagygyörgy

doi:10.2478/ausae-2019-0008

Abstract

During the study, the seeds of seven sweet basil cultivars were treated with 100 ppm solutions of gibberellic acid or ascorbic acid prior to a 14-day germination experiment. Values of the first day of germination, germination energy, germinability, mean time and rate of germination, and uncertainty and synchrony of germination were calculated. The results show that both of the substances altered the measured parameters, priming with gibberellic acid proving to be a more effective way to enhance the germination of basil seeds. Also, they revealed major differences among the germination parameters of the examined cultivars.

References

[1] Asghari, F., Hossieni, B., Hassani, A., Shirzad, H. (2012), Effect of explants source and different hormonal combinations on direct regeneration of basil plants (Ocimum basilicum L.). http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=339277382874316;res=IELENG (accessed on: 14 August 2014).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[2] Paton, A., Harley, M. R., Harley, M. M. (1999), The Genus Ocimum. In: Basil. The Netherlands: Harwood Academic Press. 1–38.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[3] Makri, O., Kintzios, S. (2008), Ocimum sp. (Basil): Botany, cultivation, pharmaceutical properties, and biotechnology. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants 13, 123–150. DOI: 10.1300/J044v13n03_10.10.1300/J044v13n03_10
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[4] Klimánková, E., Holadová, K., Hajšlová, J., Čajka, T., Poustka, J., Koudela, M. (2008), Aroma profiles of five basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivars grown under conventional and organic conditions. Food Chemistry 107, 464–472. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.07.062.10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.07.062
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[5] Kintzios, S., Kollias, H., Straitouris, E., Makri, O. (2004), Scale-up micropropagation of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in an airlift bioreactor and accumulation of rosmarinic acid. Biotechnol. Lett. 26, 521–523.10.1023/B:BILE.0000019561.89044.30
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[6] Phippen, W. B., Simon, J. E. (2000), Shoot regeneration of young leaf explants from basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant 36, 250–254. DOI: 10.1007/s11627-000-0046-y.10.1007/s11627-000-0046-y
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[7] Pandey, A. K., Singh, P., Tripathi N. N. (2014), Chemistry and bioactivities of essential oils of some Ocimum species: An overview. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 4, 682–694. DOI: 10.12980/APJTB.4.2014C77.10.12980/APJTB.4.2014C77
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[8] Grayer, R. J., Vieira, R. F., Price, A. M., Kite, G. C., Simon, J. E., Paton, A. J. (2004), Characterization of cultivars within species of Ocimum by exudate flavonoid profiles. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 32, 901–913. DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2004.04.002.10.1016/j.bse.2004.04.002
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[9] Politeo, O., Jukic, M., Milos, M. (2007), Chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of free volatile aglycones from basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) compared with its essential oil. Food Chemistry 101, 379–385. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.01.045.10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.01.045
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[10] Saha, S., Dey, T., Ghosh, P. (2010), Mincropropagation of Ocimum kilimandscharicum guerke (Labiatae). Acta Biologica Cracoviensia 52(2), 50–58.10.2478/v10182-010-0023-7
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[11] Siddique, I., Anis, M. (2009), Morphogenic response of the alginate encapsulated nodal segment and antioxidative enzymes analysis during acclimatization of Ocimum basilicum L. J. Crop Sci. Biotechnol. 12, 233–238. DOI: 10.1007/s12892-009-0131-7.10.1007/s12892-009-0131-7
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[12] Sudhakaran, S., Sivasankari, V. (2002), In vitro flowering response of Ocimum basilicum. Journal of Plant Biotechnology 4(4), 179–181.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[13] Loughrin, J. H., Kasperbauer, M. J. (2003), Aroma content of fresh basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves is affected by light reflected from colored mulches. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51, 2272–2276. DOI: 10.1021/jf021076c.10.1021/jf021076c12670169
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[14] Chalchat, J.-C., Özcan, M. M. (2008), Comparative essential oil composition of flowers, leaves and stems of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) used as herb. Food Chemistry 110, 501–503. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.018.10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.01826049245
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[15] Carović-Stanko, K., Liber, Z., Politeo, O., Strikić, F., Kolak, I., Milos, M., Satovic, Z. (2011), Molecular and chemical characterization of the most widespread Ocimum species. Plant Systematics and Evolution 294, 253–262. DOI: 10.1007/s00606-011-0471-x.10.1007/s00606-011-0471-x
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[16] Kwee, E. M., Niemeyer, E. D. (2011), Variations in phenolic composition and antioxidant properties among 15 basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivars. Food Chemistry 128, 1044–1050. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.04.011.10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.04.011
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[17] Barcelos, R. C., Jham, G. N., Dhingra, O. D., Mendonca, F. A., Valente, V. M. M. (2013), Identification and quantification of the major fungitoxic components of the Brazilian basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) essential oil. Journal of Food Research 2, 124. DOI: 10.5539/jfr.v2n5p124.10.5539/jfr.v2n5p124
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[18] Arshad Qamar, K., Dar, A., Siddiqui, B. S., Kabir, N., Aslam, H., Ahmed, S., Erum, S., Habib, S., Begum, S. (2010), Anticancer activity of Ocimum basilicum and the effect of ursolic acid on the cytoskeleton of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Letters in Drug Design & Discovery 7, 726–736. DOI: 10.2174/1570180811007010726.10.2174/1570180811007010726
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[19] Behbahani, M. (2014), Evaluation of in vitro anticancer activity of Ocimum Basilicum, Alhagi Maurorum, Calendula Officinalis and their parasite Cuscuta Campestris. PLoS ONE 9, e116049. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116049.10.1371/journal.pone.0116049
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[20] Chiang, L.-C., Ng, L.-T., Cheng, P.-W., Chiang, W., Lin, C.-C. (2005), Antiviral activities of extracts and selected pure constituents of Ocimum basilicum. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 32, 811–816. DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04270.x.10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04270.x
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[21] Gopi, C., Ponmurugan, P. (2006), Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from leaf callus of Ocimum basilicum L. J. Biotechnol. 126, 260–264. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.04.033.10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.04.033
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[22] Sahoo, Y., Pattnaik, S. K., Chand, P. K., In vitro clonal propagation of an aromatic medicinal herb Ocimum basilicum L. (sweet basil) by axillary shoot proliferation. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant 33, 293–296. DOI: 10.1007/s11627-997-0053-3.10.1007/s11627-997-0053-3
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[23] Rady, M. R., Nazif, N. M. (2005), Rosmarinic acid content and RAPD analysis of in vitro regenerated basil (Ocimum americanum) plants. Fitoterapia 76, 525–533. DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2005.04.001.10.1016/j.fitote.2005.04.001
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[24] Kong, J.-M., Chia, L.-S., Goh, N.-K., Chia, T.-F., Brouillard R. (2003), Analysis and biological activities of anthocyanins. Phytochemistry 64, 923–933. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00438-2.10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00438-2
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[25] Phippen, W. B. (2000), Anthocyanin inheritance and instability in purple basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Heredity 91, 289–296. DOI: 10.1093/jhered/91.4.289.10.1093/jhered/91.4.28910912675
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[26] Phippen, W. B., Simon, J. E. (1998), Anthocyanins in Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 46, 1734–1738. DOI: 10.1021/jf970887r.10.1021/jf970887r
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[27] Fu, J. J., Liu, J., Yang, L. Y., Miao, Y. J., Xu, Y. F. (2017), Effects of low temperature on seed germination, early seedling growth and antioxidant systems of the wild Elymus nutans Griseb. JAST 19, 1113–1125.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[28] Fallahi, H.-R., Mohammadi, M., Aghhavani-Shajari, M., Ranjbar, F. (2015), Determination of germination cardinal temperatures in two basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivars using nonlinear regression models. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 2, 140–145. DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2015.09.004.10.1016/j.jarmap.2015.09.004
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[29] Nadjafi, E., Tabrizi, L., Shabahang, J., Mahdavi Damghani, A. M. (2009), Cardinal germination temperatures of some medicinal plant species. Seed Technology 31, 156–163.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[30] Zhou, D., Jacob, B., Ponder, M. A., Welbaum, G. E. (2016), Germination response of six sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) cultivars to temperature. Seed Technology Journal 37(1), 43–51.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[31] Rakshit, A., Singh, H. B. (eds.) (2018), Advances in seed priming. Springer Singapore: Singapore. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0032-5.10.1007/978-981-13-0032-5
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[32] Bagheri, A., Bagherifard, A., Saborifard, H. Ahmadi, M., Safarpoor, M. (2014), Effects [of] drought, cytokinin and GA3 on [the] seedling growth of basil (Ocimum basilicum). International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research 2, 489–493.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[33] Liopa-Tsakalidi, A., Zakynthinos, G., Varzakas, T. H., Xynias, I. (2011), Effect of NaCl and GA 3 on seed germination and seedling growth of eleven medicinal and aromatic crops. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 5(17), 4065–4073.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[34] Adhikary, P., Tarai, P. (2013), Effects of temperature and gibberellic acid (GA3) on seed germination of Vicia sativa, Chenopodium album and Physalis minima. International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology 6, 629. DOI: 10.5958/j.2230-732X.6.4.042.10.5958/j.2230-732X.6.4.042
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[35] Akram, N. A., Shafiq, F., Ashraf, M. (2017), Ascorbic acid – A potential oxidant scavenger and its role in plant development and abiotic stress tolerance. Frontiers in Plant Science 8. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00613.10.3389/fpls.2017.00613540514728491070
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[36] Zehra, A., Shaikh, F., Ansari, R., Gul, B., Khan, M. A. (2013), Effect of ascorbic acid on seed germination of three halophytic grass species under saline conditions. Grass and Forage Science 68, 339–344. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2012.00899.x.10.1111/j.1365-2494.2012.00899.x
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[37] Kader, M. A. (2005), A comparison of seed germination calculation formulae and the associated interpretation of resulting data. Journal & Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 138, 65–75.10.5962/p.361564
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[38] Ranal, M. A., Garcia de Santana, D., Ferreira, W. R., Mendes-Rodrigues, C. (2009), Calculating germination measurements and organizing spreadsheets. Revista Brasiliera Botanica 32, 849–855.10.1590/S0100-84042009000400022
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[39] Ranal, M. A., Garcia de Santana, D. (2006), How and why to measure the germination process? Revista Brasiliera Botanica 29, 1–11.10.1590/S0100-84042006000100002
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Changes in germination parameters of seven sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) varieties due to treating with gibberellic and ascorbic acids

Abstract

Paradigm

My account