Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Structural Diversity and Biochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Aflatoxins Cover

Structural Diversity and Biochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Aflatoxins

Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series E: Food Technology
Volume 18 (2014): Issue 2 (December 2014)
By: ,   and    
Open Access
|Dec 2014
References

References

  1. 1. Abbas, H., J. Wilkinson, R. Zablotowicz, C. Accinelli, C. Abel, H. Bruns, and M. Weaver. (2009). Ecology of Aspergillus flavus, regulation of aflatoxin production, and management strategies to reduce aflatoxin contamination of corn. Toxin Reviews. 28 (2-3), 142-153
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  2. 2. Abbas, H. K., M. A. Weaver, R. M. Zablotowicz, B. W. Horn, and W. T. Shier. (2005). Relationships between aflatoxin production and sclerotia formation among isolates of Aspergillus section Flavi from the Mississippi Delta. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 112 (3), 283-287
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  3. 3. Afshar, P., M. Shokrzadeh, S. Kalhori, Z. Babaee, and S. Saeedi Saravi. (2013). Occurrence of Ochratoxin A and Aflatoxin M1 in human breast milk in Sari, Iran. Food Control. 31 (2), 525-529
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  4. 4. Agag, B. (2004). Mycotoxins in foods and feeds: 1-aflatoxins. Ass. Univ. Bull. Environ. Res. 7 (1), 173-205
    Search in Google Scholar
  5. 5. Ali, S., A. Malik, M. Shahid, and R. Bhargava. (2013). Pulmonary Aspergillosis and Aflatoxins in Chronic Lung Diseases. Mycopathologia. 176 (3-4), 287-294
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  6. 6. Alinezhad, S., M. Tolouee, A. Kamalzadeh, A. Motalebi, M. Nazeri, M. Yasemi, M. Shams-Ghahfarokhi, R. Tolouei, and M. Razzaghi- Abyaneh. (2011). Mycobiota and aflatoxin B1 contamination of rainbow trout (Oncorhinchus mykiss) feed with emphasis to Aspergillus section Flavi. Iranian Journal of fisheries. 10 (3), 363-374
    Search in Google Scholar
  7. 7. Allcroft, R., H. Rogers, and G. Lewis. (1966). Metabolism of Aflatoxin in Sheep: Excretion of theMilk Toxin'. Nature. 209 154-155
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  8. 8. Arana, S., V. Alves, M. Sabino, Y. Tabata, S. Nonogaki, M.-L. Zaidan-Dagli, and F. Hernandez-Blazquez. (2014). Immunohistochemical Evidence for Myofibroblast-like Cells Associated with Liver Injury Induced by Aflatoxin B1 in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of comparative pathology. 150 (2), 258-265
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  9. 9. Bennett, J. W., and M. Klich. (2003). Mycotoxins. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 16 (3), 497-499
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  10. 10. Bhatnagar, D., J. Yu, and K. C. Ehrlich. (2002). Toxins of filamentous fungi. Fungal Allergy and Pathogenicity. 81 167-206
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  11. 11. Bilandžić, N., I. Varenina, and B. Solomun. (2010). Aflatoxin M1 in raw milk in Croatia. Food Control. 21 (9), 1279-1281
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  12. 12. Blount, W. (1961). Turkey “X” disease. Turkeys. 9 (2), 52-55
    Search in Google Scholar
  13. 13. Campone, L., A. L. Piccinelli, R. Celano, M. Russo, and L. Rastrelli. (2013). Rapid analysis of aflatoxin M1 in milk using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem. 405 (26), 8645-52
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  14. 14. Carvalho, K., G. Goncalves, A. Lopes, E. Santos, E. Vargas, and W. Magalhães. (2012). Modelling uncertainty estimation for the determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk by visual and densitometric thin-layer chromatography with immunoaffinity column clean-up. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A. 29 (4), 679-693
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  15. 15. Cavaliere, C., P. Foglia, C. Guarino, F. Marzioni, M. Nazzari, R. Samperi, and A. Laganà. (2006). Aflatoxin M1 determination in cheese by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A. 1135 (2), 135-141
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  16. 16. Chanda, A., L. V. Roze, S. Kang, K. A. Artymovich, G. R. Hicks, N. V. Raikhel, A. M. Calvo, and J. E. Linz. (2009). A key role for vesicles in fungal secondary metabolism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (46), 19533-19538
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  17. 17. Chen, J., K. Chen, S. Yuan, X. Peng, J. Fang, F. Wang, H. Cui, Z. Chen, J. Yuan, and Y. Geng. (2013). Effects of aflatoxin B1 on oxidative stress markers and apoptosis of spleens in broilers. Toxicology and industrial health. 0748233713500819
    Search in Google Scholar
  18. 18. Cleveland, T. E., P. F. Dowd, A. E. Desjardins, D. Bhatnagar, and P. J. Cotty. (2003). United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service research on pre-harvest prevention of mycotoxins and mycotoxigenic fungi in US crops. Pest Management Science. 59 (6-7), 629-642
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  19. 19. Creppy, E. E. (2002). Update of survey, regulation and toxic effects of mycotoxins in Europe. Toxicology Letters. 127 (1-3), 19-28
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  20. 20. Cucci, C., A. Mignani, C. Dall’Asta, R. Pela, and A. Dossena. (2007). A portable fluorometer for the rapid screening of M1 aflatoxin. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 126 (2), 467-472
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  21. 21. David , J.P., F. Peter Guengerich, and J. O. Miners. (2005). “Phase I and Phase II” drug metabolism: terminology that we should phase out? Drug metabolism reviews. 37 (4), 575-580
    Search in Google Scholar
  22. 22. De Iongh, H., R. Vles, and J. Van Pelt. (1964). Milk of mammals fed an aflatoxin-containing diet. Nature. 202 466-467
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  23. 23. Deshpande, S.(2002). Handbook of food toxicology.Translated by CRC Press. Original edition.
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  24. 24. Desjardins, A. E.(2006). Fusarium mycotoxins: chemistry, genetics, and biology.Translated by American Phytopathological Society (APS Press). Original edition. 25. Diaz, G. J., H. W. Murcia, and R. Guevara-González. (2011). Biotransformation of aflatoxin B1 and its relationship with the differential toxicological response to aflatoxin in commercial poultry species. Aflatoxins-Biochem. Mol. Biol. Rijeka, Croacia: InTech.
    Search in Google Scholar
  25. 26. Eaton, D. L., T. K. Bammler, and E. J. Kelly. (2001). Interindividual differences in response to chemoprotection against aflatoxin-induced hepatocarcinogenesis: Implications for human biotransformation enzyme polymorphisms. Biological Reactive Intermediates Vi. 500 559-576
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  26. 27. Eaton, D. L., and E. P. Gallagher. (1994). Mechanisms of aflatoxin carcinogenesis. Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology. 34 (1), 135-172
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  27. 28. Ehrlich, K. C., B. G. Montalbano, and P. J. Cotty. (2003). Sequence comparison of aflR from different Aspergillus species provides evidence for variability in regulation of aflatoxin production. Fungal Genetics and Biology. 38 (1), 63-74
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  28. 29. E. Commission.(2006).Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs.Bruxelles: © European Union, 1998-2014
    Search in Google Scholar
  29. 30. Fallah, A. A. (2010). Assessment of aflatoxin M1 contamination in pasteurized and UHT milk marketed in central part of Iran. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 48 (3), 988-991
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  30. 31. Fallah, A. A., T. Jafari, A. Fallah, and M. Rahnama. (2009). Determination of aflatoxin M1 levels in Iranian white and cream cheese. Food and chemical toxicology. 47 (8), 1872-1875
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  31. 32. Fetaih, H. A., A. A. Dessouki, A. A. Hassanin, and A. S. Tahan. (2014). Toxopathological and Cytogenetic effects of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on pregnant rats. Pathology-Research and Practice.
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  32. 33. Fiala, J. L., P. A. Egner, N. Wiriyachan, M. Ruchirawat, K. H. Kensler, G. N. Wogan, J. D. Groopman, R. G. Croy, and J. M. Essigmann. (2011). Sulforaphane-mediated reduction of aflatoxin B1-N7-guanine in rat liver DNA: impacts of strain and sex. Toxicological Sciences. 121 (1), 57-62
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  33. 34. Gallagher, E., L. Wienkers, P. Stapleton, K. Kunze, and D. Eaton. (1994). Role of human microsomal and human complementary DNA-expressed cytochromes P4501A2 and P4503A4 in the bioactivation of aflatoxin B1. Cancer research. 54 (1), 101-108
    Search in Google Scholar
  34. 35. Gan, N., J. Zhou, P. Xiong, F. Hu, Y. Cao, T. Li, and Q. Jiang. (2013). An ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescent immunoassay for aflatoxin M1 in milk, based on extraction by magnetic graphene and detection by antibody-labeled CdTe quantumn dots-carbon nanotubes nanocomposite. Toxins (Basel). 5 (5), 865-83
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  35. 36. Georgianna, D. R., and G. A. Payne. (2009). Genetic regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis: from gene to genome. Fungal Genetics and Biology. 46 (2), 113-125
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  36. 37. Gross-Steinmeyer, K., and D. L. Eaton. (2012). Dietary modulation of the biotransformation and genotoxicity of aflatoxin B1. Toxicology. 299 (2), 69-79
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  37. 38. Guengerich, F. P., W. W. Johnson, T. Shimada, Y.-F. Ueng, H. Yamazaki, and S. Langouët. (1998). Activation and detoxication of aflatoxin B1. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis. 402 (1), 121-128
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  38. 39. Gürbay, A., S. A. Sabuncuoğlu, G. Girgin, G. Sahin, S. Yiğit, M. Yurdakök, and G. Tekinalp. (2010). Exposure of newborns to aflatoxin M1 and B 1 from mothers’ breast milk in Ankara, Turkey. Food and chemical toxicology. 48 (1), 314-319
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  39. 40. Han, Z., Y. Zheng, L. Luan, Z. Cai, Y. Ren, and Y. Wu. (2010). An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, M1 and M2 in traditional Chinese medicines. Analytica chimica acta. 664 (2), 165-171
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  40. 41. Hashemi, M., Z. Taherimaslak, and S. Rashidi. (2014). Enhanced spectrofluorimetric determination of aflatoxin M1 in liquid milk after magnetic solid phase extraction. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 128 583-90
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  41. 42. He, J., K. Zhang, D. Chen, X. Ding, G. Feng, and X. Ao. (2013). Effects of maize naturally contaminated with aflatoxin B1 on growth performance, blood profiles and hepatic histopathology in ducks. Livestock Science. 152 (2), 192-199
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  42. 43. Herzallah, S., K. Alshawabkeh, and A. A. Fataftah. (2008). Aflatoxin Decontamination of Artificially Contaminated Feeds by Sunlight, γ- Radiation, and Microwave Heating. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 17 (4), 515-521
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  43. 44. Huang, L., N. Zheng, B. Zheng, F. Wen, J. Cheng, R. Han, X. Xu, S. Li, and J. Wang. (2014). Simultaneous determination of aflatoxin M 1, ochratoxin A, zearalenone and α-zearalenol in milk by UHPLC- MS/MS. Food chemistry. 146 242-249
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  44. 45. Hussain, Z., M. Z. Khan, A. Khan, I. Javed, M. K. Saleemi, S. Mahmood, and M. R. Asi. (2010). Residues of aflatoxin B1 in broiler meat: Effect of age and dietary aflatoxin B1 levels. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 48 (12), 3304-3307
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  45. 46. IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans , World Health Organization , and International Agency for Research on Cancer (2002). Some Traditional Herbal Medicines, Some Mycotoxins, Naphthalene and Styrene: Some traditional herbal medicines, some mycotoxins, naphthalene and styrene.Translated by World Health Organization. Original edition.
    Search in Google Scholar
  46. 47. Kamkar, A. (2006). A study on the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in Iranian Feta cheese. Food Control. 17 (10), 768-775
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  47. 48. Kanungo, L., S. Pal, and S. Bhand. (2011). Miniaturised hybrid immunoassay for high sensitivity analysis of aflatoxin M1 in milk. Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 26 (5), 2601-2606
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  48. 49. Kav, K., R. Col, and K. Kaan Tekinsen. (2011). Detection of aflatoxin M1 levels by ELISA in white-brined Urfa cheese consumed in Turkey. Food Control. 22 (12), 1883-1886
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  49. 50. Kensler, T. W., B. D. Roebuck, G. N. Wogan, and J. D. Groopman. (2011). Aflatoxin: a 50-year odyssey of mechanistic and translational toxicology. Toxicological Sciences. 120 (suppl 1), S28-S48
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  50. 51. Ketney, O., T. Ovidiu, and T. Mihaela (2010). Variation of aflatoxin M1 in milk at different doses of ultraviolet radiation. In Integrated systems for agri-food production (SIPA 11): ISBN 978-615-5097-26-3^,2010.
    Search in Google Scholar
  51. 52. Kirby, G., C. Wolf, G. Neal, D. Judah, C. Henderson, P. Srivatanakul, and C. Wild. (1993). In vitro metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by normal and tumorous liver tissue from Thailand. Carcinogenesis. 14 (12), 2613-2620
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  52. 53. Klich, M. A. (2002). Biogeography of Aspergillus species in soil and litter. Mycologia. 94 (1), 21-27
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  53. 54. Klich, M. A. (2007). Aspergillus flavus: the major producer of aflatoxin. Molecular plant pathology. 8 (6), 713-722
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  54. 55. Kumar, M., V. Verma, R. Nagpal, A. Kumar, P. Behare, B. Singh, and P. Aggarwal. (2012). Anticarcinogenic effect of probiotic fermented milk and chlorophyllin on aflatoxin-B1-induced liver carcinogenesis in rats. British Journal of Nutrition. 107 (07), 1006-1016
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  55. 56. Larsson, P., and H. Tjälve. (2000). Intranasal instillation of aflatoxin B1 in rats: bioactivation in the nasal mucosa and neuronal transport to the olfactory bulb. Toxicological Sciences. 55 (2), 383-391
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  56. 57. Li, P., Q. Zhang, and W. Zhang. (2009). Immunoassays for aflatoxins. TrAC trends in analytical chemistry. 28 (9), 1115-1126
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  57. 58. Li, P., Y. Zhang, H.-t. Lei, H. Wang, Z.-l. Xu, Y.-d. Shen, Y.-m. Sun, J. Pang, and J.-y. Yang. (2014). Development of chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay for the determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk products. Food and Agricultural Immunology. (ahead-of-print), 1-13
    Search in Google Scholar
  58. 59. Logrieco, A., G. Mule, A. Moretti, and A. Bottalico. (2002). Toxigenic Fusarium species and mycotoxins associated with maize ear rot in Europe. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 108 (7), 597-609
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  59. 60. Machida, M., K. Asai, M. Sano, T. Tanaka, T. Kumagai, G. Terai, K.-I. Kusumoto, T. Arima, O. Akita, and Y. Kashiwagi. (2005). Genome sequencing and analysis of Aspergillus oryzae. Nature. 438 (7071), 1157-1161
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  60. 61. Magnoli, A., M. Monge, R. Miazzo, L. Cavaglieri, C. Magnoli, C. Merkis, A. Cristofolini, A. Dalcero, and S. Chiacchiera. (2011). Effect of low levels of aflatoxin B1 on performance, biochemical parameters, and aflatoxin B1 in broiler liver tissues in the presence of monensin and sodium bentonite. Poultry science. 90 (1), 48-58
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  61. 62. Micheli, L., R. Grecco, M. Badea, D. Moscone, and G. Palleschi. (2005). An electrochemical immunosensor for aflatoxin M1 determination in milk using screen-printed electrodes. Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 21 (4), 588-596
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  62. 63. Nguyen, B. H., L. D. Tran, Q. P. Do, H. L. Nguyen, N. H. Tran, and P. X. Nguyen. (2013). Label-free detection of aflatoxin M1 with electrochemical Fe3O4 polyaniline-based aptasensor. Materials Science and Engineering: C. 33 (4), 2229-2234
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  63. 64. Paniel, N., A. Radoi, and J.-L. Marty. (2010). Development of an electrochemical biosensor for the detection of aflatoxin M1 in milk. Sensors. 10 (10), 9439-9448
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  64. 65. Park, D. L. (2002). "Effect of processing on aflatoxin." In Mycotoxins and Food Safety, 173-179. Springer. 66. Rameil, S., P. Schubert, P. Grundmann, R. Dietrich, and E. Märtlbauer. (2010). Use of 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid as electron donating compound in a potentiometric aflatoxin M 1- immunosensor. Analytica chimica acta. 661 (1), 122-127
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  65. 67. Raphaël, K. J., N. Ferdinand, T. Hervé, T. C. D'alex, S. Y. Roméo, T. Alexis, and G. G. J. Benoit. (2014). Effect of Biocharcoals on Hematological, Serum Biochemical and Histological Parameters in Broiler Chickens Fed Aflatoxin B1-Contaminated Diets. Journal of Animal Science Advances. 4 (7), 68. Richard, J. L. (2007). Some major mycotoxins and their mycotoxicoses-An overview. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 119 (1-2), 3-10
    Search in Google Scholar
  66. 69. Sarter, S., and N. Zakhia. (2004). Chemiluminescent and bioluminescent assays as innovative prospects for mycotoxin determination in food and feed. Luminescence. 19 (6), 345-51
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  67. 70. Schmidt-Heydt, M., A. Abdel-Hadi, N. Magan, and R. Geisen. (2009). Complex regulation of the aflatoxin biosynthesis gene cluster of Aspergillus flavus in relation to various combinations of water activity and temperature. International journal of food microbiology. 135 (3), 231-237
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  68. 71. Shyamal, S., P. Latha, S. Suja, V. Shine, G. Anuja, S. Sini, S. Pradeep, P. Shikha, and S. Rajasekharan. (2010). Hepatoprotective effect of three herbal extracts on aflatoxin B1-intoxicated rat liver. Singapore medical journal. 51 (4), 326-331
    Search in Google Scholar
  69. 72. Troxel, C. M., A. P. Reddy, P. E. O'Neal, J. D. Hendricks, and G. S. Bailey. (1997). In VivoAflatoxin B1Metabolism and Hepatic DNA Adduction in Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 143 (1), 213-220
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  70. 73. Vdovenko, M. M., C.-C. Lu, F.-Y. Yu, and I. Y. Sakharov. (2014). Development of ultrasensitive direct chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay for determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk. Food chemistry. 158 310-314
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  71. 74. Wan, X., Z. Yang, W. Yang, S. Jiang, G. Zhang, S. Johnston, and F. Chi. (2013). Toxicity of increasing aflatoxin B1 concentrations from contaminated corn with or without clay adsorbent supplementation in ducklings. Poultry science. 92 (5), 1244-1253
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  72. 75. Wang, Y., X. Liu, C. Xiao, Z. Wang, J. Wang, H. Xiao, L. Cui, Q. Xiang, and T. Yue. (2012). HPLC determination of aflatoxin M1 in liquid milk and milk powder using solid phase extraction on OASIS HLB. Food Control. 28 (1), 131-134
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  73. 76. Wu, F., J. D. Groopman, and J. J. Pestka. (2014). Public health impacts of foodborne mycotoxins. Annual review of food science and technology. 5 351-372
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  74. 77. Wu, F., and H. Guclu. (2012). Aflatoxin regulations in a network of global maize trade. PloS one. 7 (9), e45151
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  75. 78. Yabe, K., and H. Nakajima. (2004). Enzyme reactions and genes in aflatoxin biosynthesis. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 64 (6), 745-755
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  76. 79. Yabe, K., M. Nakamura, and T. Hamasaki. (1999). Enzymatic formation of G-group aflatoxins and biosynthetic relationship between G- and B-group aflatoxins. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 65 (9), 3867-3872
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  77. 80. Yu, J. (2003). "Genetics and biochemistry of mycotoxins synthesis." In Handbook of Fungal Biotechnology, edited by D. K. Arora. Taylor & Francis.
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
  78. 81. Yunus, A. W., E. Razzazi-Fazeli, and J. Bohm. (2011). Aflatoxin B1 in affecting broiler’s performance, immunity, and gastrointestinal tract: A review of history and contemporary issues. Toxins. 3 (6), 566-590
    Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aucft-2014-0010 | Journal eISSN: 2344-150X | Journal ISSN: 2344-1496 (formerly 2344-150X)
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 3 - 18
Published on: Dec 30, 2014
Published by: Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year
Keywords:
mycotoxins,
aflatoxin,
milk,
Aspergillus
Related subjects:
Industrial chemistry,
Industrial chemistry, other,
Food science and technology

© 2014 Otto Ketney, Tita Ovidiu, Anca Tifrea, published by Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 18 (2014): Issue 2 (December 2014)
Next article