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Evaluation of the shear bond strength of metal brackets to 3d-printed crowns fabricated with permanent crown resins: an in vitro comparative study Cover

Evaluation of the shear bond strength of metal brackets to 3d-printed crowns fabricated with permanent crown resins: an in vitro comparative study

Australasian Orthodontic Journal
Volume 41 (2025): Issue 1 (January 2025)
By: Farhad Salmanpour and  Safa Özden  
Open Access
|Dec 2025

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Schematic overview of the workflow. A, Digital design of the samples; B, 3D printing of the samples using three different permanent restorative resins and surface polishing; C, Isolation of areas outside the bonding site of the bracket; D, Painting of the area to be sandblasted; E, Sandblasting of the painted area; F, Bonding of the brackets to the sandblasted area; G, Removal of the isolation; H, Application of the shear bond strength test; I, Evaluation of ARI scores.
Schematic overview of the workflow. A, Digital design of the samples; B, 3D printing of the samples using three different permanent restorative resins and surface polishing; C, Isolation of areas outside the bonding site of the bracket; D, Painting of the area to be sandblasted; E, Sandblasting of the painted area; F, Bonding of the brackets to the sandblasted area; G, Removal of the isolation; H, Application of the shear bond strength test; I, Evaluation of ARI scores.

Figure 2.

Frequency of each adhesive remnant index (ARI) score for the test groups. PC: P-Crown V3, CR: Seramco print crowntec, VS: Varseosmile crown plus.
Frequency of each adhesive remnant index (ARI) score for the test groups. PC: P-Crown V3, CR: Seramco print crowntec, VS: Varseosmile crown plus.

Figure 3.

Ideal positioning of the bracket during shear bond strength testing.
Ideal positioning of the bracket during shear bond strength testing.

Comparison of ARI scores

ARI 1ARI 2ARI 3p-value
PCCount24104
%63.1626.3210.52
CRCount22142
%57.9036.845.26
VSCount27102
%69.2325.645.13
TotalCount833480.697*
%63.4729.576.96

Descriptive data for each group

GrupNMeanStd. DeviationStd. Error95% Confidence IntervalMinimumMaximum
Lower BoundUpper Bound
PC4013.332.750.6711.9214.758.8218.63
CR4013.282.850.6511.9014.659.0517.57
VS4013.921.600.4313.0014.8511.6716.33

General properties of permanent resins

MaterialManufacturerFillersWater AbsorptionFlexural strengthViscosityMatrix components
VarseoSmile Crown Plus (VS)Bego BremenTotal fillers by weight 30–50 wt%.3.6 μg/mm3116 MPa2.500–6.000 MPa4.4’-isopropylphenol, ethoxylated and esterification products of 2-methylprop-2enoic acid, dental glass silica, methyl benzoylformate, diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide
Saremco Print Crowntec (CR)Saremco Dental AGUp to 50 wt%. (silanized dental glass, pyrogenic silica, particle size 0.7 μ m)0.6 μg/mm3135 MPa2.500–6.000 MPa4.4’-isopropylphenol esterification products, ethoxylated 2-methylprop-2enoic acid, dental glass silica, pyrogenic silica, initiators
P-crown Version 3 (PC)Senertek65 wt% nano ceramic rate1.2 μg/mm3240 MPa3500 MPaNo information available

Comparison of mean shear bond strength in the studied grups

ANOVA
Sum of SquaresdfMean SquareFSig.
Between Groups3.9321.960.3060.738
Within Groups301.47476.41
Total305.3949
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2025-0025 | Journal eISSN: 2207-7480 | Journal ISSN: 2207-7472
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Language: English
Page range: 406 - 416
Submitted on: Apr 1, 2025
|
Accepted on: Jul 1, 2025
|
Published on: Dec 31, 2025
Published by: Australian Society of Orthodontists Inc.
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Related subjects:
Medicine,
Basic medical science,
Basic medical science, other

© 2025 Farhad Salmanpour, Safa Özden, published by Australian Society of Orthodontists Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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