Figure 1.
Schematic overview of the workflow. A, Digital design of the samples; B, 3D printing of the samples using three different permanent restorative resins and surface polishing; C, Isolation of areas outside the bonding site of the bracket; D, Painting of the area to be sandblasted; E, Sandblasting of the painted area; F, Bonding of the brackets to the sandblasted area; G, Removal of the isolation; H, Application of the shear bond strength test; I, Evaluation of ARI scores.
Table I.
Descriptive data for each group
| Grup | N | Mean | Std. Deviation | Std. Error | 95% Confidence Interval | Minimum | Maximum | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower Bound | Upper Bound | |||||||
| PC | 40 | 13.33 | 2.75 | 0.67 | 11.92 | 14.75 | 8.82 | 18.63 |
| CR | 40 | 13.28 | 2.85 | 0.65 | 11.90 | 14.65 | 9.05 | 17.57 |
| VS | 40 | 13.92 | 1.60 | 0.43 | 13.00 | 14.85 | 11.67 | 16.33 |
Table II.
Comparison of mean shear bond strength in the studied grups
| ANOVA | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | Sig. | |
| Between Groups | 3.93 | 2 | 1.96 | 0.306 | 0.738 |
| Within Groups | 301.47 | 47 | 6.41 | ||
| Total | 305.39 | 49 | |||
Figure 2.
Frequency of each adhesive remnant index (ARI) score for the test groups. PC: P-Crown V3, CR: Seramco print crowntec, VS: Varseosmile crown plus.
Table III.
Comparison of ARI scores
| ARI 1 | ARI 2 | ARI 3 | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PC | Count | 24 | 10 | 4 | |
| % | 63.16 | 26.32 | 10.52 | ||
| CR | Count | 22 | 14 | 2 | |
| % | 57.90 | 36.84 | 5.26 | ||
| VS | Count | 27 | 10 | 2 | |
| % | 69.23 | 25.64 | 5.13 | ||
| Total | Count | 83 | 34 | 8 | 0.697* |
| % | 63.47 | 29.57 | 6.96 |
Figure 3.
Ideal positioning of the bracket during shear bond strength testing.
Table IV.
General properties of permanent resins
| Material | Manufacturer | Fillers | Water Absorption | Flexural strength | Viscosity | Matrix components |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VarseoSmile Crown Plus (VS) | Bego Bremen | Total fillers by weight 30–50 wt%. | 3.6 μg/mm3 | 116 MPa | 2.500–6.000 MPa | 4.4’-isopropylphenol, ethoxylated and esterification products of 2-methylprop-2enoic acid, dental glass silica, methyl benzoylformate, diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide |
| Saremco Print Crowntec (CR) | Saremco Dental AG | Up to 50 wt%. (silanized dental glass, pyrogenic silica, particle size 0.7 μ m) | 0.6 μg/mm3 | 135 MPa | 2.500–6.000 MPa | 4.4’-isopropylphenol esterification products, ethoxylated 2-methylprop-2enoic acid, dental glass silica, pyrogenic silica, initiators |
| P-crown Version 3 (PC) | Senertek | 65 wt% nano ceramic rate | 1.2 μg/mm3 | 240 MPa | 3500 MPa | No information available |