Evaluation of the shear bond strength of metal brackets to 3d-printed crowns fabricated with permanent crown resins: an in vitro comparative study

Farhad Salmanpour; Safa Özden

doi:10.2478/aoj-2025-0025

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Evaluation of the shear bond strength of metal brackets to 3d-printed crowns fabricated with permanent crown resins: an in vitro comparative study

Australasian Orthodontic Journal

Volume 41 (2025): Issue 1 (January 2025)

By: Farhad Salmanpour and Safa Özden

Open Access

|Dec 2025

Figures & Tables

Schematic overview of the workflow. A, Digital design of the samples; B, 3D printing of the samples using three different permanent restorative resins and surface polishing; C, Isolation of areas outside the bonding site of the bracket; D, Painting of the area to be sandblasted; E, Sandblasting of the painted area; F, Bonding of the brackets to the sandblasted area; G, Removal of the isolation; H, Application of the shear bond strength test; I, Evaluation of ARI scores.

Frequency of each adhesive remnant index (ARI) score for the test groups. PC: P-Crown V3, CR: Seramco print crowntec, VS: Varseosmile crown plus.

Ideal positioning of the bracket during shear bond strength testing.

Comparison of ARI scores

		ARI 1	ARI 2	ARI 3	p-value
PC	Count	24	10	4
	%	63.16	26.32	10.52
CR	Count	22	14	2
	%	57.90	36.84	5.26
VS	Count	27	10	2
	%	69.23	25.64	5.13
Total	Count	83	34	8	0.697*
	%	63.47	29.57	6.96

Descriptive data for each group

Grup	N	Mean	Std. Deviation	Std. Error	95% Confidence Interval		Minimum	Maximum
Grup	N	Mean	Std. Deviation	Std. Error	Lower Bound	Upper Bound	Minimum	Maximum
PC	40	13.33	2.75	0.67	11.92	14.75	8.82	18.63
CR	40	13.28	2.85	0.65	11.90	14.65	9.05	17.57
VS	40	13.92	1.60	0.43	13.00	14.85	11.67	16.33

General properties of permanent resins

Material	Manufacturer	Fillers	Water Absorption	Flexural strength	Viscosity	Matrix components
VarseoSmile Crown Plus (VS)	Bego Bremen	Total fillers by weight 30–50 wt%.	3.6 μg/mm³	116 MPa	2.500–6.000 MPa	4.4’-isopropylphenol, ethoxylated and esterification products of 2-methylprop-2enoic acid, dental glass silica, methyl benzoylformate, diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide
Saremco Print Crowntec (CR)	Saremco Dental AG	Up to 50 wt%. (silanized dental glass, pyrogenic silica, particle size 0.7 μ m)	0.6 μg/mm3	135 MPa	2.500–6.000 MPa	4.4’-isopropylphenol esterification products, ethoxylated 2-methylprop-2enoic acid, dental glass silica, pyrogenic silica, initiators
P-crown Version 3 (PC)	Senertek	65 wt% nano ceramic rate	1.2 μg/mm³	240 MPa	3500 MPa	No information available

Comparison of mean shear bond strength in the studied grups

ANOVA
	Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F	Sig.
Between Groups	3.93	2	1.96	0.306	0.738
Within Groups	301.47	47	6.41
Total	305.39	49

References

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2025-0025 | Journal eISSN: 2207-7480 | Journal ISSN: 2207-7472

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Language: English

Page range: 406 - 416

Submitted on: Apr 1, 2025

Accepted on: Jul 1, 2025

Published on: Dec 31, 2025

Published by: Australian Society of Orthodontists Inc.

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Related subjects:

Medicine,

Basic medical science,

Basic medical science, other

© 2025 Farhad Salmanpour, Safa Özden, published by Australian Society of Orthodontists Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 41 (2025): Issue 1 (January 2025)

Evaluation of the shear bond strength of metal brackets to 3d-printed crowns fabricated with permanent crown resins: an in vitro comparative study

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Comparison of ARI scores

Descriptive data for each group

General properties of permanent resins

Comparison of mean shear bond strength in the studied grups

Paradigm

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