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Effect of Different Carbon Sources on the Cultivation of Northern River Shrimp Cryphiops caementarius in a Biofloc System Cover

Effect of Different Carbon Sources on the Cultivation of Northern River Shrimp Cryphiops caementarius in a Biofloc System

Annals of Animal Science
Volume 26 (2026): Issue 2 (April 2026)
By: ,  ,   and    
Open Access
|Apr 2026
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Table 1.

Water quality parameters

Water quality parametersMolassesChancacaControl
Temperature (°C) am22.5±0.8922.7±0.9122.7±0.91
Temperature (°C) pm23.7±1.1124.0±0.9024.1±1.09
Dissolved oxygen (mg L−1) am8.08±0.258.08±0.308.08±0.26
Dissolved oxygen (mg L−1) pm7.83±0.227.80±0.357.87±0.21
pH8.69±0.208.80±0.128.54±0.21
TAN (NH3-N mg L−1)0.27±0.15 b0.62±0.19 a0.28±0.65 b
Nitrite-N (NO2 mg L−1)0.33±0.22 c0.70±0.15 b0.94±0.71 a
Nitrate-N (NO3 mg L−1)62.84±10.56 a26.39±11.59 b50.73±33.89 a
Phosphorus (PO4−3 mg L−1)4.34±2.86 a1.48±1.22 b3.98±3.26 a
Total hardness (mg CaCO3 L−1)1068.67±244.68 a936.67±130.33 a740.33±159.67 b
Total alkalinity (mg CaCO3 L−1)255.06±38.63 a205.33±39.91 b156.33±43.01 c
FV (mL L−1)26.75±12.51 a15.27±8.12 b1.87±2.16 c
TSS (mg L−1)287.15±37.85 a214.20±39.97 b102.14±15.07 c

[i] Values are expressed as their mean and standard deviation.

[ii] Letters a, b, and c in the same row indicate significant difference with probability factor P<0.05.

[iii] FV: floc volume; TSS: total suspended solids.

Table 2.

Chemical composition of bioflocs generated with two carbon sources

Carbon sourceProtein (%)Lipids (%)Fiber (%)Ash (%)Humidity (%)NFE (%)Gross energy (kJ·g−1)
Chancaca31.20±1.714.53±1.8611.17±2.19 a38.97±6.8192.53±1.6414.13±9.43 b1133.41±125.01
Molasses29.57±2.324.87±2.048.70±4.56 b38.23±3.1291.43±2.2418.63±9.96 a1185.95±93.02

[i] Values are the mean ± standard deviation expressed as percentage dry weight. NFE: nitrogen free extract.

[ii] The different letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

Figure 1.

Particle size distribution: a fractional mass percentage of biofloc sampled. A. Chancaca carbon source; B. Molasses carbon source. Bars represent standard deviation

Table 3.

Total microorganism abundances in biofloc systems using different carbon sources after 142 days of rearing Cryphiops caementarius

Microorganism compositionMolassesChancacaControl
Total bacteria (CFU×105 mL−1)3.51±1.38 a2.37±0.65 b1.66±0.39 c
Vibrio spp. (CFU×105 L−1)0.00±0.000.00±0.000.00±0.00
Chlorophyceae (cell mL−1)430.33±88.79 b581.33±71.06 a64.01±18.52 c
Bacillariophyceae (cell mL−1)119.11±15.37 b156.66±15.61 a5.19±3.36 c
Cyanophyceae (cell mL−1)92.33±28.38 b125.66±24.99 a0.00±0.00 b
Rotifer (ind. L−1)58.67±23.45 a41.00±19.05 b4.00±3,61 c
Cladocera (ind. L−1)42.12±12.74 a30.33±17.31 b0.00±0.00 b
Annelids (ind. L−1)3.30±1.43 a3.33±1.52 a0.00±0.00 b
Nematode (ind. L−1)2.00±1.21 b10.33±1.41 a0.00±0.00 c
Copepod (ind. L−1)1.45±1.42 a2.00±1.73 a0.00±0.00 b
Ciliates (ind. L−1)134.67±61.59 a46.00±26.52 b15.00±7.93 c

[i] Means ± SD.

[ii] The different letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

Table 4.

Taxonomic composition of plankton communities in biofloc systems with different carbon sources following culturing after 142 days of rearing of Cryphiops caementarius

Microorganism compositionMolassesChancacaControl
Bacillariophycea
  Synedra sp.+++
  Navicula sp.+++
  Nitzchia sp.+++
Chlorophyceae
  Palmella sp.+++
  Chlorella sp.+++
  Scenesdesmus sp.+++
Cyanophyceae
  morphotype 1+++
Rotifer
  Philodina sp.+++
  Lecane sp.+++
  Cephalodella sp.+++
Cladocera
  Chydorus sp.++−
Nematode
  Monhytera sp.++−
Annelid
  Aelosoma sp.−+−
  Copepod−+
  Cyclops sp.++−
Amoeba
  Amoeba sp.+−−
Ciliates
  Paramecio sp.+++
  Coleps sp.+++
  Vorticella sp.+++
  Halteria sp.+++
Table 5.

Zootechnical variables of Cryphiops caementarius reared using biofloc technology (BFT) with different carbon sources during the 142 days of the experiment

ParametersTreatments
molasseschancacacontrol
Initial mean weight (g)24.58±3.1524.58±3.1524.58±3.15
Final mean weight (g)25.26±6.80 b29.80±4.36 a29.68±5.26 a
Specific growth rate (% day−1)0.74±0.12 b0.89±0.15 a0.89±0.21 a
Survival (%)33.33±6.1223.33±5.7723.33±5.77

[i] Means ± SD.

[ii] The different letters indicate significant difference (P< 0.05).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2025-0089 | Journal eISSN: 2300-8733 (formerly 1642-3402) | Journal ISSN: 1642-3402
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Language: English
Page range: 825 - 838
Submitted on: Apr 15, 2025
Accepted on: Aug 8, 2025
Published on: Apr 30, 2026
Published by: National Research Institute of Animal Production
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Cryphiops caementarius,
river shrimp,
BFT,
organic carbon source,
microbial community
Related subjects:
Medicine,
Veterinary medicine

© 2026 Carlos A. Mendez, Jorge E. Moreno-Reyes, Carla Galleguillos, María Cristina Morales, published by National Research Institute of Animal Production
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 26 (2026): Issue 2 (April 2026)
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