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A Stern Issue of Antimicrobial Resistance in Aquaculture – A Review Cover

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

The release of leftover antibiotics into aquatic systems contributes to the spread and rise of AMR

Figure 2.

Model depicting the origin, transmission mechanism and factors influencing AMR in aquatic ecosystems

Figure 3.

Aside from the discharge of antibiotic remnants into the nearby surroundings, individuals are also subjected to antibiotic-resistance bacteria

A documented list of antibiotics and other pharmacologically active substances that are legally or officially banned and permissible levels for application in aquaculture farming

Sl. No.Antibiotic agents and other pharmacologically active compoundsMaximum permissible residual levels (in ppm)
1ChloramphenicolNil
2Nitrofurans including furaltadone, furazolidone, furvlfuramide, nifuratel, nifuroxime, nifurprazine, nitrofurantoin and nitrofurazoneNil
3NeomycinNil
4Nalidixic acidNil
5SulphamethoxazoleNil
6Aristolochia spp., and preparations thereofNil
7ChloroformNil
8ChlorpromazineNil
9ColchicineNil
10DapsoneNil
11DimetridazoleNil
12MetronidazoleNil
13RonidazoleNil
14IpronidazoleNil
15Other NitroimidazolesNil
16ClenbuterolNil
17Diethylstilbestrol (DES)Nil
18Sulfonamide drugs (approved sulfadimethoxine, sulfabromomethazine and sulfaethoxypyridazine)Nil
19FluroquinolonesNil
20GlycopeptidesNil
21Tetracycline0.1
22Oxytetracycline0.1
23Trimethoprim0.05
24Oxolinic acid0.3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2025-0060 | Journal eISSN: 2300-8733 | Journal ISSN: 1642-3402
Language: English
Page range: 487 - 506
Submitted on: Oct 21, 2024
Accepted on: May 13, 2025
Published on: Apr 15, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: Volume open

© 2026 Akalesh Patel, Kantaraja Chindera, Vineeth Rajan, Raja Swaminathan Thangaraj, Visnuvinayagam Sivam, George Ninan, Radhika Rajasree, Collins Sones, Xunli Zhang, Gopalan Krishnan Sivaraman, published by National Research Institute of Animal Production
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.