The Role of Solar Energy in Strengthening National Energy Security in Albania

Energy security constitutes one of the most important components of national security and sustainable economic development. Albania relies primarily on electricity generation from hydropower plants, which makes its energy system vulnerable to climate change, hydrological fluctuations, and the need for energy imports during periods of low production. In this context, solar energy represents a strategic alternative for diversifying energy sources and strengthening national energy security. This study analyzes the contribution of solar energy to enhancing energy security in Albania by evaluating the development of photovoltaic capacities, their impact on reducing dependence on electricity imports, as well as the economic and environmental benefits resulting from the expansion of this sector. The methodology is based on the analysis of strategic documents, scientific literature, and statistical data from national and international institutions. The results indicate that the expansion of solar energy use contributes to the diversification of the energy mix, increased domestic energy production, improved supply reliability, and reduced exposure to external energy risks. The study concludes that solar energy represents an important instrument for strengthening national energy security and supporting Albania’s long-term sustainable development objectives.