The First Albanian Republic (1925) and Bicameralism: A Cornerstone in the Consolidation of the Albanian State
By: Vera Shtjefni and Jona Gashi
References
- Anastasi, A. (2007). History of constitutional law in Albania (1912–1939). Pegi Publishing House.
- Anastasi, A. (2024). Political institutions and constitutional law in Albania (1912–1939) (Resume). https://ssrn.com/abstract=4677531
- Austin, R. C. (2012). Founding a Balkan state: Albania’s experiment with democracy, 1920–1925. University of Toronto Press.
- Bello, H. (2016). Republic or monarchy? Arguments of republican and monarchist deputies regarding the form of the Albanian state in 1924. Revista Kosova, 41, 116–130. https://albanica.al/revista_kosova/article/view/4004
- Bulmer, W. (2017). Second chambers in parliamentary systems: Models and functions. Inter-Parliamentary Union.
- Čepo, D. (2007). The role of second chambers in the political systems of Poland and Romania. Annals of the Croatian Political Science Association, 4(1). https://hrcak.srce.hr/en/file/45779
- Constitution of the Republic of Albania. (1998). https://qbz.gov.al/preview/635d44bd-96ee-4bc5-8d93-d928cf6f2abd
- Constituent Assembly Debates. (1925). Parliamentary debates (Vol. 1). Albanian Parliament Publishing.
- Constitutional Debate: Discussions held in the meetings of the Parliamentary Commission for drafting the draft Constitution. (1998). Vol. 1. OSCE Presence in Albania.
- European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission). (1998). Opinion on the draft Constitution of Albania. Council of Europe. https://www.venice.coe.int/
- European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission). (2006). Report on constitutional design and legislative structures (CDL-AD document). Council of Europe. https://www.venice.coe.int/
- European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission). (2024). Report on bicameralism and parliamentary systems. Council of Europe. https://www.venice.coe.int/
- Fischer, B. J. (2020). Early parliamentary development in Albania: A brief survey. Tirana Observatory. https://tiranaobservatory.com/2020/01/29/early-parliamentary-development-in-albania-a-brief-survey/
- Fischer, B. J., & Schmitt, O. J. (2022). A concise history of Albania. Cambridge University Press. Institute for Democracy and Mediation. (n.d.). Reports and publications on governance and democracy in Albania. https://idmalbania.org/
- Inter-Parliamentary Union. (2025). Parliaments around the world: Structure and composition. https://www.ipu.org/
- Kalemaj, I., & Koçi, D. (2023). History of Albanian parliamentarism from 1912 to the present day. Albanian Parliament Parliamentary Institute.
- Kinley, C. (2025). Albania’s first republic. Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective. Ohio State University. https://origins.osu.edu/read/albanias-first-republic
- Lijphart, A. (1999). Patterns of democracy: Government forms and performance in thirty-six countries. Yale University Press.
- Luarasi, A. (2001). History of the state and law in Albania. Luarasi Publishing.
- Maksymiuk, P., & Trubalski, K. (2023). Bicameralism in post-authoritarian constitutional systems. Journal of Constitutional Studies, 15(2), 80–95.
- Montesquieu, C. de S. (2001). The spirit of the laws (A. M. Cohler, B. C. Miller, & H. S. Stone, Trans.). Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1748)
- Mughan, A. (2020). Legislative chambers and democratic governance. Comparative Political Studies, 53(2), 110–130.
- National Democratic Institute for International Affairs. (n.d.). One chamber or two? Deciding between a unicameral and bicameral legislature. https://www.ndi.org/
- Passaglia, P. (2018). Bicameralism and territorial representation. International Journal of Constitutional Law, 16(1), 20–30.
- Ponceau, M. (2002). Parliamentary deliberation and institutional design. Revue Française de Droit Constitutionnel, 50, 95–110.
- Russell, M. (2013). Rethinking bicameral strength. Journal of Legislative Studies, 19(1), 1–20.
- Sartori, G. (1994). Comparative constitutional engineering: An inquiry into structures, incentives and outcomes. NYU Press.
- Statute of the Albanian Republic. (1925). https://www.crteducazione.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Cost.-Albania-1925-albanese.pdf
- Statute of the Principality of Albania. (1914). https://licodu.cois.it/?p=370
- Tatsiy, V., & Serohina, S. (n.d.). Bicameralism and legislative stability in transition states. Law and Policy Review, 8(2), 100–115.
- Tomes, J. H. (2004). King of Albania: Europe’s self-made Muslim king. New York University Press.
- Volpe, V. (2016). Bicameralism in unitary states: Constitutional design and comparative perspectives. European Constitutional Law Review, 12(4), 820–845.
- Zaganjori, X., Anastasi, A., & Methasani, S. (2011). Constitutional law of Albania. University of Tirana Press.
Language: English
Page range: 62 - 75
Published on: Jul 14, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 3 issues per year
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2026 Vera Shtjefni, Jona Gashi, published by International Institute for Private, Commercial and Competition Law
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License.