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Leniency policy in competition law: Legal issues and socio-cultural implications in Albania Cover

Leniency policy in competition law: Legal issues and socio-cultural implications in Albania

By: Monika Canco  
Open Access
|Jul 2025

References

  1. Arbault F., Peiro, F. (2002). The Commission’s new Notice on Immunity and Reduction of Fines in Cartel Cases: Building on Success, Competition Policy Newsletter, No. 2, 2002.
  2. Albanian Competition Authority, ACA. (2009). Regulation dated 10.09.2009 ‘On Fines and their mitigation https://caa.gov.al/ëp-content/uploads/2023/05/RRegullore-e-Gjobave.pdf
  3. Albanian Competition Authority, ACA. (2019). Guideline No. 3, dated 26.06.2019 on damages caused and actions taken when the provisions of Law No. 9121, dated 28.07.2003 On the Protection of Competition, as amended, https://caa.gov.al/laws/mbi-demet-qe-shkaktohendhe-veprimet-qe-ndermerren-kur-shkelen-dispozitat-e-ligjit-nr-9121-date-28-07-2003-permbrojtjen-e-konkurrences-i-ndryshuar/
  4. Carames, JG. (2021). The (Ab)Use of Soft Law in Shaping EU Competition Law: Undermining the Effectiveness of Leniency Programs, Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies.
  5. European Commission, EC. (1996). Commission Notice on the non-imposition or reduction of fines in cartel cases, Document C 207, 18/07/1996, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:31996Y0718(01).
  6. European Commission, EC. (2002). Commission notice on immunity from fines and reduction of fines in cartel cases; Document 2002/C 45/03; https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2002:045:0003:0005:EN:PDF.
  7. European Commission, EC. (2006). Commission Notice on Immunity from fines and reduction of fines in cartel cases. Document 2006/C 298/11, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A52006XC1208%2804%29.
  8. European Commission, EC. (2015). Communication from the Commission — Amendments to the Commission Notice on Immunity from fines and reduction of fines in cartel cases” Document 52015XC0805(01); https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52015XC0805%2801%29
  9. European Commission, EC. (2024). Competition Policy: leniency. https://competition-policy.ec.europa.eu/antitrust-and-cartels/leniency_en.
  10. European Union, EU. (2003). Regulation No 1/2003 of 16 December 2002 on the implementation of the rules on competition laid down in Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty. Document 32003R0001; https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2003/1/oj/eng
  11. European Union, EU. (2012). Consolidated Version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union; Document C 326/49, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12012E/TXT:en:PDF.
  12. European Union, EU. (2017). Explanatory Memorandum on Proposal for Directive to empower the competition authorities of the Member States to be more effective enforcers and to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market”, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52017PC0142&from=LT#:~:text=To%20achieve%20this%2C%20the%20proposal,without%20fear%20of%20incurring%20sanctions,
  13. European Union, EU. (2025). Screening report Albania - Cluster 2: Internal Market. https://enlargement.ec.europa.eu/screening-report-albania-cluster-2-internal-market_en
  14. ECJ, Case C-681/11, Bundeswettbewerbsbehörde and Bundeskartellanwalt v Schenker (2013). Jones, A. & Sufrin, B. 2014. EU Competition Law-Text, Cases and Materials. Oxford University Press, 4 th Edition.
  15. Polo, M. and Motta, M. (1999). Leniency Programs and Cartel Prosecution. IGIER Working Paper No. 150, https://ssrn.com/abstract=165688 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.165688
  16. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD. (2015). Voluntary Peer Review of Competition Law and Policy: Albania. https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/ditcclp2015d1_en.pdf#:~:text=cartel%20enforcement%2C%20the%20Authority%20has,cartel%20practice
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ajbals-2025-0019 | Journal eISSN: 2410-8693 | Journal ISSN: 2410-3918
Language: English
Page range: 74 - 81
Published on: Jul 17, 2025
Published by: International Institute for Private, Commercial and Competition Law
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 3 issues per year

© 2025 Monika Canco, published by International Institute for Private, Commercial and Competition Law
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License.