Figure 1
Lipid peroxidation (expressed as TBARS concentrations) in SH-SY5Y cells treated with 60 µmol/L QOH-C12, 6 µmol/L QOH-C14 or QOH-C16, 100 µmol/L QNOH-C12, and 25 µmol/L QNOH-C14 or QNOH-C16 for 4 h. Control – untreated cells; H2O2 – positive control (100 µmol/L)
Figure 2
DCFDA- or DAF-FM fluorescence (expressed as RFUs normalised to control) indicating ROS (left panel) and RNS (right panel) levels in SH-SY5Y cells treated with 60 µmol/L QOH-C12, 6 µmol/L QOH-C14 or QOH-C16, 100 µmol/L QNOH-C12, and 25 µmol/L QNOH-C14 or QNOH-C16 for 4 h or 1 h, respectively. $ p<0.001; *p<0.0001 (Dunnett’s test). Control – untreated cells; DAF-FM – 4-amino-5-methylamino-2,7-difluorofluorescein diacetate; DCFDA – 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate dye; H2O2 – positive control (100 µmol/L); RFU – relative fluorescence units; SNP – positive control (200 µmol/L)
Figure 3
Total antioxidative capacity (TAC, expressed as µmol/L of Fe2+ equivalents, left panel) and MCB-fluorescence indicating GSH level (expressed as RFU normalised to control, right panel) in SH-SY5Y cells treated with 60 µmol/L QOH-C12, 6 µmol/L QOH-C14 or QOH-C16, 100 µmol/L QNOH-C12, and 25 µmol/L QNOH-C14 or QNOH-C16 for 4 h. # p<0.01; *p<0.0001 (Dunnett’s test). Control – untreated cells; H2O2 or tBHP– positive controls (100 µmol/L); RFU – relative fluorescence units; SNP – positive control (200 µmol/L)
Figure 4
Cytosolic (Cu/Zn-SOD, left panel) and mitochondrial (Mn-SOD, right panel) superoxide dismutase activity (expressed as U/mg protein) in SH-SY5Y cells treated with 60 µmol/L QOH-C12, 6 µmol/L QOH-C14 or QOH-C16, 100 µmol/L QNOH-C12, and 25 µmol/L QNOH-C14 or QNOH-C16 for 4 h. & p<0.05; #p<0.01; $p<0.001; *p<0.0001 (Dunnett’s test). Control – untreated cells; tBHP– positive control (100 µmol/L)
Figure 5
DNA damage (expressed as percentage normalised to the control) in SH-SY5Y cells treated with 60 µmol/L QOH-C12, 6 µmol/L QOH-C14 or QOH-C16, 100 µmol/L QNOH-C12, and 25 µmol/L QNOH-C14 or QNOH-C16 for 4 h. *p<0.0001 (Dunnett’s test). Control – untreated cells; Etoposide – positive control (10 µmol/L)