Figure 1
Workflow used to assess the metabolic profile of the blood-brain barrier model exposed to mycotoxins with and without pumpkin extract. BBB – blood brain barrier; LC-ESI-QTOF-MS – liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation quantitative time of flight-mass spectrometry
Figure 2
Venn diagrams of the number of significant metabolites (p<0.05) after 2-hour mycotoxin exposure (100 nmol/L per mycotoxin) without pumpkin extract (A) and with pumpkin extract (500 nmol/L) (B)
Table 1
Log2FC values of metabolites with significantly changed quantity (p<0.05) compared to respective controls (control containing vehicle or vehicle + pumpkin extract) found in the basal media after 2-hour exposure to mycotoxins (100 nmol/L each) with or without pumpkin extract (500 nmol/L beta-carotene equivalent)
| Compound | BEA | BEA+E | OTA | OTA+E | ZEA | ZEA+E | OTA+ZEA | OTA+ZEA+E | BEA+OTA+ZEA | BEA+OTA+ZEA+E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (2R,3S,7S,10S)-2,3,7,10-tetramethyl dodecahydrocyclo 15.57 penta[b]quinolizin-2-ol | ||||||||||
| (5E)-(3S)-1alpha,25-dihydroxy-3-deoxy-3-thiavitamin D3 3-oxide / (5E)-(3S)-1alpha,25-dihydroxy-3-deoxy-3-thiacholecalciferol 3-oxide | 15.68 | |||||||||
| 12-epi leukotriene B4-d4 | 18.12 | |||||||||
| 12,13-DiHOME-d4 | 18.35 | 18.49 | 18.34 | |||||||
| 14,15-LTE4 | 15.56 | 15.56 | 15.56 | |||||||
| 2-(3-phenylpropyl)pyridine | 20.60 | 19.28 | 17.84 | |||||||
| 2-butyl-5-methyl-4-propyloxazole | 15.70 | 15.49 | 15.79 | 15.98 | 15.88 | |||||
| 2-ethyl-5-methylpyridine | 19.36 | |||||||||
| 23--(propenal, 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)- | -19.15 | 18.18 | -19.15 | 16.59 | 17.06 | 1.96 | -19.15 | 1.87 | ||
| 2glucinolcarboxylate -protocatechoylphloro | -16.29 | -16.29 | -16.29 | |||||||
| 2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxytoluene | 2.06 | |||||||||
| 3-methylfluoranthene | 16.09 | |||||||||
| 3-methylxanthine | 16.28 | |||||||||
| 3,4-dichlorophenol | -17.93 | -17.93 | -17.93 | -17.93 | ||||||
| 4-(3-hydroxy-7-phenyl-6-heptenyl)-1,2-benzenediol | 17.37 | |||||||||
| 6-hydroxy-4-decanolide | 16.77 | 16.37 | ||||||||
| 67--hydroxykaempferol rutinoside | -16.32 | 17.04 | 17.18 | -16.32 | ||||||
| 6'-hydroxy-2,3,4,5,2',3',4'-heptamethoxychalcone | 17.06 | |||||||||
| 9-docosene | 16.35 | 16.94 | 16.63 | 16.65 | 16.58 | 16.33 | 16.38 | |||
| Asp-Met-OH | 16.18 | 16.80 | ||||||||
| (7R)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-octadeca-121-oxabicyclo[(14),15,17-trien- 12.4.0] 13-one | -17.71 | -17.71 | -17.71 | -17.71 | -1.68 | |||||
| Dihydromorelloflavone | -16.68 | -16.18 | -16.18 | -16.18 | -16.18 | |||||
| Dimethylmaleic anhydride acid | 17.61 | 18.04 | 16.06 | 17.80 | 17.12 | 2.05 | 17.75 | 1.92 | ||
| Dodemorph | -16.98 | 18.23 | -16.98 | -16.82 | -16.98 | 16.30 | 16.16 | |||
| Herbacetin 8-(2'',3'',4''-triacetylxyloside) | 15.76 | |||||||||
| Hexazinone | -18.83 | -16.76 | -16.76 | -18.83 | ||||||
| Ketophenylbutazone | 17.33 | 17.17 | ||||||||
| Mercaptoethanol | 16.46 | 19.32 | -19.14 | |||||||
| Methylmethionine sulfonium | 0.73 | |||||||||
| N-(ethyl) 2'-(4arachidonoyl -benzenesulfonamide)- amine | 21.56 | 21.28 | 19.63 | 16.46 | 17.65 | 21.39 | ||||
| N-(2'-(4-benzenesulfonamide)-ethyl) arachidonoyl amine | 17.29 | 17.69 | 18.54 | |||||||
| Nigrifactin | 18.22 | 18.52 | ||||||||
| Oleamide | 16.96 | |||||||||
| Oleic acid(d2) | 15.34 | |||||||||
| Peroxyoctanoic acid | 1.53 | |||||||||
| PG(16:0/0:0) | -17.39 | -17.11 | -17.39 | -17.11 | -17.11 | -17.39 | -17.11 | -17.39 | -17.11 | |
| Pregna-4,16-diene-3,11,20-trione | 17.12 | |||||||||
| Propyl levulinate | 17.22 | |||||||||
| Prostaglandin D2-1-glyceryl ester | 17.60 | 18.09 | ||||||||
| Prostaglandin D2-1-glyceryl | ||||||||||
| ester | ||||||||||
| Rhamnetin 3-rhamnoside | 16.60 | 17.31 | 16.07 | |||||||
| Spiromesifen | 16.13 | 16.45 | ||||||||
| Streptonigrin | 16.70 | 16.51 | ||||||||
| Tioconazole | 19.47 | |||||||||
| Vestitone 7-glucoside | 17.07 | 17.05 | ||||||||
| Xestoaminol C | -16.08 | -16.70 | -16.08 | 16.50 | -16.72 | -16.70 |