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Development of carboxymethyl tamarind gum-based composite hydrogel films for wound dressing applications Cover

Development of carboxymethyl tamarind gum-based composite hydrogel films for wound dressing applications

Open Access
|Nov 2025

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Schematic representation of formation of hydrogel film.
Schematic representation of formation of hydrogel film.

Figure 2.

Swelling profile of hydrogel films in Tris HCl buffer pH 7.4 (a) and 0.1 N HCl (b).
Swelling profile of hydrogel films in Tris HCl buffer pH 7.4 (a) and 0.1 N HCl (b).

Figure 3.

MTZ release from hydrogel films in Tris HCl buffer pH 7.4.
MTZ release from hydrogel films in Tris HCl buffer pH 7.4.

Figure 4.

ATR–FTIR spectra of (a) CMTG, FSM, and hydrogel films HM1–HM5 and (b) hydrogel films HM3, HM5, HM6, and HM7.
ATR–FTIR spectra of (a) CMTG, FSM, and hydrogel films HM1–HM5 and (b) hydrogel films HM3, HM5, HM6, and HM7.

Figure 5.

TGA curves of (a) FSM, CMTG, and hydrogel films HM1 and HM5 and (b) hydrogel films HM2–HM7.
TGA curves of (a) FSM, CMTG, and hydrogel films HM1 and HM5 and (b) hydrogel films HM2–HM7.

Drug loading, drug release, and order of release of composite hydrogel films_

BatchDrug loading (mg/g)Q5h (%)aZero orderFirst orderHiguchiKorsmeyer–PeppasOrder of release
(r2)(r2)(r2)(r2)n
HM134.58 ± 2.6153.34 ± 2.580.8810.7330.9670.9680.511Non-Fickian
HM237.45 ± 1.2773.52 ± 3.090.7950.6400.9140.9390.552Non-Fickian
HM334.58 ± 1.9467.00 ± 2.770.7980.6370.9160.9310.567Non-Fickian
HM430.45 ± 4.1360.02 ± 1.620.7990.6430.9160.9360.588Non-Fickian
HM536.66 ± 2.7770.74 ± 2.710.7400.5820.8710.8970.535Non-Fickian
HM643.86 ± 3.6578.90 ± 3.730.7920.6230.9080.9080.523Non-Fickian
HM739.99 ± 3.9988.60 ± 3.270.8090.6270.9170.8920.514Non-Fickian

Percent weight loss, thickness, TCC, and contact angle of CMTG–FSM composite hydrogel films_

BatchWeight loss (%)Thickness (μm)TCC (mEq/100 g)Contact angle (°)
HM130.28 ± 7.93575.00 ± 7.26350.33 ± 6.563.29 ± 0.47
HM229.89 ± 5.44593.86 ± 4.79370.67 ± 4.460.31 ± 0.49
HM332.33 ± 9.74590.00 ± 4.41407.00 ± 3.265.92 ± 0.38
HM434.17 ± 11.84578.33 ± 6.01427.35 ± 6.669.91 ± 0.39
HM533.03 ± 6.13587.44 ± 7.43390.33 ± 3.866.64 ± 0.22
HM635.15 ± 5.35584.33 ± 6.89331.67 ± 6.269.85 ± 0.55
HM737.21 ± 6.60572.22 ± 3.47304.33 ± 5.474.29 ± 0.18

Composition of CMTG:FSM composite hydrogel films

BatchHM1HM2HM3HM4HM5HM6HM7
CMTG:FSM ratio (2 % w/v)1:09:19:19:18:27:31:1
Citric acid (% w/v)0.60.50.60.70.60.60.6

Water vapor transmission rate, microbial permeability, protein adsorption, and hemolysis of CMTG–FSM composite hydrogel films_

BatchWVTR (g/m2)Microbial permeabilityProtein adsorption (mg/cm2)Hemolysis (%)
HM1987.96−ve0.0444.561
HM2941.13−ve0.0342.474
HM3905.00−ve0.0403.464
HM4791.40−ve0.0474.013
HM5887.36−ve0.0353.813
HM6843.36−ve0.0323.318
HM7820.18−ve0.0292.212
Language: English
Submitted on: Jul 13, 2025
Accepted on: Oct 6, 2025
Published on: Nov 7, 2025
Published by: Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year
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© 2025 Kailas Krishnat Mali, Vijay Daulatrao Havaldar, Nitin Hindurao Salunkhe, Om Santosh Varude, Niranjan Shishir Mahajan, Remeth Jacky Dias, published by Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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