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Amelioration of the Abnormalities Associated with Metabolic Syndrome by L-Norvaline in Hyperlipidemic Diabetic Rats Cover

Amelioration of the Abnormalities Associated with Metabolic Syndrome by L-Norvaline in Hyperlipidemic Diabetic Rats

European Pharmaceutical Journal
Volume 68 (2021): Issue 2 (December 2021)
By: S. Dobhal,  S. Baliyan,  MF. Singh,  S. Bisht and  S. Setya  
Open Access
|Feb 2022

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Effect of L-Norvaline on fasting blood sugar level in hyperlipidemic diabetic rats.All values are expressed as mean ± SEM; N=6. One way ANOVA followed by Dunnetts multiple comparison test was applied for statistical analysis. P values: *P<0.05, ***P<0.001 when the results of treatment groups were compared with the toxicant control groups.aP<0.001 when the results of toxicant control group were compared with the normal group of animals.
Effect of L-Norvaline on fasting blood sugar level in hyperlipidemic diabetic rats.All values are expressed as mean ± SEM; N=6. One way ANOVA followed by Dunnetts multiple comparison test was applied for statistical analysis. P values: *P<0.05, ***P<0.001 when the results of treatment groups were compared with the toxicant control groups.aP<0.001 when the results of toxicant control group were compared with the normal group of animals.

Figure 2

Effect of L-Norvaline on atherogenic index in hyperlipidemic diabetic rats.All values are expressed as mean ± SEM; N=6. One way ANOVA followed by Dunnetts multiple comparison test was applied for statistical analysis. P values: ***P<0.001 when the results of treatment groups were compared with the toxicant control groups.aP<0.001 when the results of toxicant control group were compared with the normal group of animals.
Effect of L-Norvaline on atherogenic index in hyperlipidemic diabetic rats.All values are expressed as mean ± SEM; N=6. One way ANOVA followed by Dunnetts multiple comparison test was applied for statistical analysis. P values: ***P<0.001 when the results of treatment groups were compared with the toxicant control groups.aP<0.001 when the results of toxicant control group were compared with the normal group of animals.

Figure 3

Effect of L-Norvaline on HOMA-IR in hyperlipidemic diabetic rats.All values are expressed as mean ± SEM; N=6. One way ANOVA followed by Dunnetts multiple comparison test was applied for statistical analysis. P values: **P<0.01 when the results of treatment groups were compared with the toxicant control groups.aP<0.001 when the results of toxicant control group were compared with the normal group of animals.
Effect of L-Norvaline on HOMA-IR in hyperlipidemic diabetic rats.All values are expressed as mean ± SEM; N=6. One way ANOVA followed by Dunnetts multiple comparison test was applied for statistical analysis. P values: **P<0.01 when the results of treatment groups were compared with the toxicant control groups.aP<0.001 when the results of toxicant control group were compared with the normal group of animals.

Figure 4

Effect of L-Norvaline on C - reactive protein in hyperlipidemic diabetic rats.All values are expressed as mean ± SEM; N=6. One way ANOVA followed by Dunnetts multiple comparison test was applied for statistical analysis. P values: *P<0.05 and ***P<0.001 when the results of treatment groups were compared with the toxicant control groups.aP<0.001 when the results of toxicant control group were compared with the normal group of animals.
Effect of L-Norvaline on C - reactive protein in hyperlipidemic diabetic rats.All values are expressed as mean ± SEM; N=6. One way ANOVA followed by Dunnetts multiple comparison test was applied for statistical analysis. P values: *P<0.05 and ***P<0.001 when the results of treatment groups were compared with the toxicant control groups.aP<0.001 when the results of toxicant control group were compared with the normal group of animals.

Figure 5

Effect of L-Norvaline on histology of pancreas in hyperlipidemic diabetic rats.(a) Microscopic section of pancreas of rats from normal control group (Hematoxylin-eosin, magnification X 100 (H&E, X 100)). (b) Microscopic section of pancreas of rats from toxicant control group (H&E, X 100). (c) Microscopic section of pancreas of rats from L-Norvaline (10 mg/kg, i.p.) treated group (H&E, X 100). (d) Microscopic section of pancreas of rats from gemfibrozil (60 mg/kg, p.o.) treated group (H&E, X 100).
Effect of L-Norvaline on histology of pancreas in hyperlipidemic diabetic rats.(a) Microscopic section of pancreas of rats from normal control group (Hematoxylin-eosin, magnification X 100 (H&E, X 100)). (b) Microscopic section of pancreas of rats from toxicant control group (H&E, X 100). (c) Microscopic section of pancreas of rats from L-Norvaline (10 mg/kg, i.p.) treated group (H&E, X 100). (d) Microscopic section of pancreas of rats from gemfibrozil (60 mg/kg, p.o.) treated group (H&E, X 100).

Effect of L-Norvaline on body weight and BMI in hyperlipidemic diabetic rats_

GroupsBody weight (g)BMI
0 day of treatment15th day of treatment30th day of treatment0th day of treatment15th day of treatment30th day of treatment
Normal animals (1ml/kg normal saline, p.o.)230 ± 0.05235 ± 0.42233 ± 0.181.96 ± 0.061.95 ± 0.041.94 ± 0.04
Toxicant control HDR received distilled water (1ml/kg, p.o)360 ± 1.32a356 ± 1.96a356 ± 2.96a3.1 ± 0.03a3.05 ± 3.46a3.10 ± 1.36a
HDR received L-Norvaline (10 mg/kg, i.p.)365 ± 2.70310 ± 1.62205 ± 0.28***3.3 ± 0.063.00 ± 1.622.34 ± 0.13***
HDR received gemfibrozil 60 mg/kg, p.o)360 ± 1.32270 ± 3.84*200 ± 1.12***2.9 ± 0.082.78 ± 1.19*2.26 ± 3.72***

Effect of L-Norvaline on hormonal parameters and nitrate level in hyperlipidemic diabetic rats_

GroupsInsulin (mIU/L)Leptin (ng/ml)Adiponectin (μg/ml)Nitrates (μmol/L
Normal animals (1ml/kg normal saline, p.o.)20.5 ± 0.87.8 ± 0.729.8 ± 0.72350.5 ± 0.6
Toxicant control HDR received distilled water (1ml/kg, p.o)34.7 ± 1.12a12.2 ± 0.25a28.2 ± 3.26a165.23 ± 0.43a
HDR received L-Norvaline (10 mg/kg, i.p.)24.6 ± 0.65**9.6 ± 0.82**10.6 ± 0.82***320.7 ± 0.5***
HDR received gemfibrozil 60 mg/kg, p.o)31.6 ± 1.57.4 ± 0.68***10.4 ± 1.21***320.7 ± 0.5***

Effect of L-Norvaline on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes level in hyperlipidemic diabetic rats_

GroupsLipid peroxidation (nmol MDA/min/mg of tissue)Superoxide Dismutase (EU/mg of protein)Reduced Glutathione (microgram/mg of protein)
Normal animals (1ml/kg normal saline, p.o.)45.5 ± 1.8025.7 ± 1.424.4 ±1.40
Toxicant control HDR received distilled water (1ml/kg, p.o)79.8 ± 1.25a13.3 ± 1.31a1.3 ±1.35a
HDR received L-Norvaline (10 mg/kg, i.p.)68.0 ± 1.18*15.2 ± 1.061.6 ± 0.54
HDR received gemfibrozil 60 mg/kg, p.o)60.5 ± 1.88**16.4 ± 0.75**2.1 ± 0.22*

Effect of L-Norvaline on lipid profile in hyperlipidemic diabetic rats_

GroupsHDL (mg/dl)Cholesterol (mg/dl)Triglyceride (mg/dl)LDL (mg/dl)VLDL (mg/dl)
Normal animals (1ml/kg normal saline, p.o.)54.4 ± 1.0660.8 ± 2.076.6 ± 0.5690.2 ± 1.4318.66 ± 1.25
Toxicant control HDR received distilled water (1ml/kg, p.o)20.2 ± 2.94a130.6 ± 0.64a153.6 ± 1.19a182.6 ± 1.47a43.32 ± 2.98a
HDR received L-Norvaline (10 mg/kg, i.p.)48.8 ± 3.76***60.6 ± 1.42***84.4 ± 0.82***76.2 ± 1.3***20.42 ± 0.76***
HDR received gemfibrozil 60 mg/kg, p.o)52.2 ± 2.31***57.0 ± 0.84***79.6 ± 0.61***74.6 ± 1.8***19.74 ± 2.93***
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/afpuc-2021-0015 | Journal eISSN: 2453-6725
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Language: English
Page range: 16 - 26
Submitted on: Apr 3, 2021
Accepted on: Oct 1, 2021
Published on: Feb 9, 2022
Published by: Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year
Keywords:
Gemfibrozil,
Insulin resistance,
L-Norvaline,
Metabolic syndrome,
Obesity
Related subjects:
Pharmacy,
Pharmacy, other

© 2022 S. Dobhal, S. Baliyan, MF. Singh, S. Bisht, S. Setya, published by Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

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