Figure 1.
CONSORT flow diagram of participant progress through the trial
Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants in the MICT, HIIT and control groups (n = 66)
| Variables | Total (n = 66) | MICT group (n = 22) | HIIT group (n = 22) | Control group (n = 22) | Test of significance | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Years) | 34.00 ± 2.44 | 33.95 ± 2.92 | 34.50 ± 2.35 | 33.55 ± 1.97 | F = 0.846 | 0.434 |
| 30.00–39.00 | 30.00–39.00 | 31.00–38.00 | 30.00–37.00 | |||
| Sex, N (%) | χ2 = 3.737 | 0.154 | ||||
| Male | 23 (34.8) | 5 (22.7) | 11 (50.0) | 7 (31.8) | ||
| Female | 43 (65.2) | 17 (77.3) | 11 (50.0) | 15 (68.2) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.48 ± 1.44 | 32.64 ± 1.65 | 32.73 ± 1.39 | 32.09 ± 1.23 | F = 1.270 | 0.288 |
| 30.00–35.00 | 30.00–35.00 | 30.00–35.00 | 30.00–34.00 | |||
| Acetate | 32.68 ± 0.19 | 32.71 ± 0.17 | 32.67 ± 0.18 | 32.67 ± 0.21 | F = 0.260 | 0.772 |
| 32.22–32.93 | 32.38–32.93 | 32.38–32.92 | 32.22–32.93 | |||
| Propionate | 2.40 ± 0.03 | 2.40 ± 0.03 | 2.40 ± 0.03 | 2.39 ± 0.03 | F = 1.347 | 0.267 |
| 2.32–2.45 | 2.37–2.45 | 2.34–2.43 | 2.32–2.44 | |||
| Butyrate | 18.96 ± 0.02 | 18.96 ± 0.02 | 18.96 ± 0.02 | 18.96 ± 0.01 | F = 1.500 | 0.231 |
| 18.93–19.00 | 18.93–19.00 | 18.94–19.00 | 18.94–18.98 | |||
| GLP-1 | 12.25 ± 2.98 | 12.69 ± 2.51 | 12.02 ± 2.68 | 12.04 ± 3.71 | F = 0.349 | 0.706 |
| 1.21–18.43 | 7.80–18.43 | 7.43–17.34 | 1.21–16.61 | |||
| IBS-SSS | 228.36 ± 34.22 | 228.50 ± 38.56 | 226.82 ± 31.38 | 229.77 ± 33.89 | F = 0.040 | 0.961 |
| 175.00–290.00 | 175.00–290.00 | 180.00–280.00 | 175.00–290.00 | |||
| IBS QOL | 62.44 ± 7.76 | 62.09 ± 8.40 | 62.27 ± 8.96 | 62.95 ± 5.91 | F = 0.074 | 0.929 |
| 50.00–80.00 | 50.00–75.00 | 50.00–80.00 | 50.00–75.00 | |||
BMI - body mass index, GLP-1 - glucagon-like peptide-1, HIIT - high-intensity interval training; IBS-QoL - irritable bowel syndrome quality of life questionnaire, IBS-SSS - irritable bowel syndrome severity scoring system, MICT - moderate-intensity interval training.
Figure 2.
Changes in mean BMI before and after the intervention in the MICT, HIIT and control groups. Values are presented as mean ± SD. p < 0.001 indicates statistically significant differences within and between groups. BMI - body mass index, HIIT - high-intensity interval training, MICT - moderate-intensity interval training, SD - standard deviation
Figure 3.
Changes in the mean levels of (A) acetate, (B) propionate, (C) butyrate and (D) GLP-1 before and after the intervention in the MICT, HIIT and control groups. Values are expressed as mean ± SD. p < 0.05 indicates statistically significant differences between pre-and post-intervention values within each group and across groups. GLP-1 - glucagon-like peptide-1, HIIT - high-intensity interval training, MICT - moderate-intensity interval training, SD - standard deviation
Figure 4.
Changes in (A) IBS-SSS and (B) IBS-QOL scores before and after the intervention in the MICT, HIIT and control groups. Values are presented as mean ± SD. p < 0.001 for all within-group comparisons (pre- vs post-intervention). HIIT - high-intensity interval training, MICT - moderate-intensity interval training, IBS-QOL - IBS quality of life, IBS-SSS - IBS symptom severity score, SD - standard deviation