An Analysis for Structural Flexibility Indicators in Buildings Through AHP Method

GÖKMEN, Özgür; AKTUĞLU, Yeşim Kamile

doi:10.2478/acee-2025-0022

Figures & Tables

Layered organization of principles and criteria [Elaborated by the authors]

Global weightings distributed in bar graph [Elaborated by the authors]

Local weightings of flexibility indicators [Elaborated by the authors]

Level 1 (Enabling Principles)		DISASSEMBLY / INTERCHANGE.	COMPABILITY / UNIVERSALITY	RECONFIG. / REUSABLE	MODULARITY
Level 1 (Enabling Principles)			0,4598	0,1249	0,3356	0,0798
		DISASSEMBLY / INTERCHANGE.	COMPABILITY / UNIVERSALITY	RECONFIG. / REUSABLE	MODULARITY
Level 2 (Physical Layer Criteria)	MATERIAL	0,3176	0,5109	0,4326	0,2996
	JOINING TYPES	0,5645	0,3028	0,4642	0,4594
	LOAD ASSUMPTION	-	0,0819	-	0,1212
	STRUCTURE FORM	0,1179	0,1044	0,1033	0,1198
		MATERIAL	JOINING PRINC. & TYPES	LOAD ASSUMPTION	STRUCTURE FORM
Level 3 (Functional Layer Criteria)	BUILDING STRUCTURE	0,4982	0,5794	0,6430	0,5917
	INTERIOR FINISHING	0,2098	0,1688	0,1250	0,1099
	BUILDING SERVICES	0,1501	0,1380	0,1195	0,1169
	SHELL	0,1419	0,1137	0,1126	0,1816

A list of conclusions drawn from the analysis of the studies in the context of the principles and criteria [Elaborated by the authors]

Principles	Criteria	Reference Source
detachability, mobility, inter-changeability, readjustability, universality	structure/load assumption, materials, services, interior, facades, form/layout, joints	Durmisevic, E. (2006) [12]
universality, modularity, demountability, read-justability/usability, recyclability	structure, interiors, facades, facades, services, services, materials, joints	Thormark, C. (2001) [41]
adjustability, versatility, reusability, scalability, mobility	structure, services, building, equipment,	Schmidt III, R., Eguchi, T., Austin, S., & Gibb, A. (2010) [38]
modularity, mobility, reusability, versatility, universality	services, structure, interiors, facades	Till, J., & Schneider, T. (2005) [42]
modularity, versatility, universality, demountability	structure/load assumption, form, service, building, equipment	Cavalliere, C., Dell'Osso, G. R., Favia, F., & Lovicario, M. (2019) [7]
interchangeability, disassem-bly, durability, versatility	structure/load assumption, facade, service, material	Galle, W., & De Temmerman, N. (2013) [13]
readjustability, disassembly, interchangeability, modularity	structure/load assumption, services, facade, interior	Slaughter, E. S. (2001) [40]
universality, mobility, modu-larity, scalability, compatibility	structure, form, facade, site, layout	Nyhuis, P., Heinen, T., & Brieke, M. (2007) [31]
interchangeability, disassem-bly, durability, recyclability, modularity	structure/load assumption, materials, joints,	Sadafi, N., Zain, M. F. M., & Jamil, M. (2014) [36]
modularity, reconfigurability, versatility, reusability	materials, joints, services	Israelsson, N., & Hansson, B. (2009) [25]
interchangeability, readjustability, recyclability	structure, materials, services, interior	Bullen, P., & Love, P. (2011) [6]
durability, recyclability, versatility	materials, site, interior, services	Manewa, A., Siriwardena, M., Ross, A., & Madanayake, U. (2016) [28]
durability, scalability, versatility, recyclability, compatibility	structure/load assumption, materials, services, interiors, facades	Askar, R., Bragança, L., & Gervásio, H. (2021) [4]
interchangeability, durability, disassembly, versatility	structure, services, interiors, facades	Gosling, J., Sassi, P., Naim, M., & Lark, R. (2013) [16]
modularity, interchangeability, reconfigurability, mobility	services, interior	Arge, K. (2005) [3]
mobility, readjustability, interchangeability, modularity, demountability	interior, services, services, structure, facades	Heidrich, O., Kamara, J., Maltese, S., Cecconi, F. R., & Dejaco, M. C. (2017) [22]
mobility, reconfigurability, interchangeability, modularity, demountability, scalability, versatility	interior, services, services, structure, facades	Pinder, J. A., Schmidt, R., Austin, S. A., Gibb, A., & Saker, J. (2017) [32]
modularity, durability, adaptability, reconfigurability	structure/load assumption, materials, services, interiors, facades	Habraken, N.J. (2008) [19]
interchangeability, durability, disassembly, scalability	structure/load assumption, materials, services, interiors, facades	Remøy, H., de Jong, P., & Schenk, W. (2011) [33]
interchangeability, durability, disassembly, compatibility, mobility	structure/load assumption, materials, services, interiors, facades	Gijsbers, R. (2006) [15]
mobility, reconfigurability/usability, interchangeability, modularity, demountability, scalability, versatility	structure/load assumption, materials, services, interior, facades, form/layout, joints	Geraedts, R. (2016) [14]
mobility, reconfigurability/usability, interchangeability, modularity, versatility	structure/load assumption, materials, services, interiors, facades	Agha, R. H., & Kamara, J. M. (2017) [1]
mobility, reconfigurability/usability, interchangeability, modularity, demountability, scalability, durability	services, structure, interiors, facades, materials, materials, joints, form	Blakstad, S. H. (2001) [5]
mobility, reconfigurability/usability, interchangeability, scalability	structure, interior, facades, materials	Hudec, M., & Rollová, L. (2016) [24]
readjustability/usability, interchangeability, modularity, disassembly, versatility	structure/load assumption, materials, services, interior, facades, form/layout, joints	Graham, P. (2005) [18]
disassembly, mobility, inter-changeability, readjustability,	structure/load assumption, materials, services, interior, facades, form/layout, joints	Andrade, J. B., & Bragança, L. (2019) [2]
mobility, readjustability, interchangeability, modularity, demountability	structure/load assumption, materials, services, interior, facades, form/layout, joints	Schmidt III, R., Deamer, J., & Austin, S. (2011) [37]
mobility, modularity, durability, disassembly, reconfigurability	structure, interiors, facades, materials, joints	Sinclair, B. R., Mousazadeh, S., & Safarzadeh, G. (2012) [39]
mobility, modularity, univer-sality, demountability	structure, interiors, facades, facades, services, services, materials, joints	Hu, R., Follini, C., Pan, W., Linner, T., & Bock, T. (2017) [23]
universality, modularity, durability, disassembly, reconfigurability, recyclability	structure, interiors, facades, facades, services, services, materials, joints	Crowther, P. (2005) [9]

Comparison matrices scores data retrieved from experts [Elaborated by the authors]

Building Flexibility	LEVEL 1	ENABLERS	DISASSEMBLY/INTERCHAN.	COMPABILITY/UNIVERSAl.	RECONFIG. / REUSABLE	MODULARITY
		DISASSEMBLY / INTERCHANGEABILITY	1,000	4,643	1,751	3,750
		COMPABILITY / UNIVERSALITY	0,215	1,000	0,334	2,233
		RE-CONFIGURABLE / RE-USABLE	0,571	2,996	1,000	5,250
		MODULARITY	0,267	0,448	0,190	1,000
Structural Flexibility Physical Layer Criteria	LEVEL 2	DISASSEMBLY / INTERCHANG.	MATERIAL	JOINING TYPES	STRUCTURE FORMS
		MATERIAL	1,000	0,587	2,583
		JOINING TYPES	1,704	1,000	5,000
		STRUCTURE FORM	0,387	0,200	1,000
	LEVEL 2	RECONFIGURABLE / REUSABLE	MATERIAL	JOINING TYPES	STRUCTURE FORMS
		MATERIAL	1,000	1,032	3,792
		JOINING TYPES	0,969	1,000	5,000
		STRUCTURE FORM	0,264	0,200	1,000
	LEVEL 2	COMPABILITY / UNIVERSALITY	MATERIAL	JOINING TYPES	LOAD ASSUMPTION	STRUCTURE FORMS
		MATERIAL	1,000	2,664	5,393	3,792
		JOINING TYPES	0,375	1,000	4,000	4,073
		LOAD ASSUMPTION	0,185	0,250	1,000	0,775
		STRUCTURE FORM	0,264	0,246	1,290	1,000
	LEVEL 2	MODULARITY	MATERIAL	JOINING TYPES	LOAD ASSUMPTION	STRUCTURE FORMS
		MATERIAL	1,000	0,705	2,833	2,117
		JOINING TYPES	1,418	1,000	4,750	3,479
		LOAD ASSUMPTION	0,353	0,211	1,000	1,381
		STRUCTURE FORM	0,472	0,287	0,724	1,000
Structural Flexibility Functional Layer Criteria	LEVEL 3	MATERIAL	BUILDING STRUCTURE	INTERIOR FINISHING	BUILDING SERVICES	SHELL
		BUILDING STRUCTURE	1,000	3,297	3,210	2,832
		INTERIOR FINISHING	0,303	1,000	2,104	1,344
		BUILDING SERVICES	0,312	0,475	1,000	1,406
		SHELL	0,353	0,744	0,711	1,000
	LEVEL 3	JOINING TYPES	BUILDING STRUCTURE	INTERIOR FINISHING	BUILDING SERVICES	SHELL
		BUILDING STRUCTURE	1,000	4,875	4,250	3,875
		INTERIOR FINISHING	0,205	1,000	1,750	1,469
		BUILDING SERVICES	0,235	0,571	1,000	1,608
		SHELL	0,258	0,681	0,622	1,000
	LEVEL 3	LOAD ASSUMPTION	BUILDING STRUCTURE	INTERIOR FINISHING	BUILDING SERVICES	SHELL
		BUILDING STRUCTURE	1,000	6,625	5,375	4,646
		INTERIOR FINISHING	0,151	1,000	1,265	1,168
		BUILDING SERVICES	0,186	0,791	1,000	1,244
		SHELL	0,215	0,856	0,804	1,000
	LEVEL 3	STRUCTURE FORMS	BUILDING STRUCTURE	INTERIOR FINISHING	BUILDING SERVICES	SHELL
		BUILDING STRUCTURE	1,000	6,250	4,875	3,250
		INTERIOR FINISHING	0,160	1,000	1,437	0,425
		BUILDING SERVICES	0,205	0,696	1,000	0,883
		SHELL	0,308	2,353	1,132	1,000

Global weightings of flexibility indicators [Elaborated by the authors]

Level 1 (Enabling Principles)	DISASSEMBLY / INTERCHANGE.	COMPABILITY / UNIVERSALITY	RECONFIG. / REUSABLE	MODULARITY
Level 1 (Enabling Principles)	0,4598	0,1249	0,3356	0,0798
Level 2 (Physical Layer Criteria)	MATERIAL	JOINING TYPES	LOAD ASSUMPTION	STRUCTURE FORMS
Level 2 (Physical Layer Criteria)	0,3789	0,4898	0,0199	0,1115
Level 3 (Functional Layer Criteria)	BUILDING STRUCTURE	INTERIOR FINISHING	BUILDING SERVICES	SHELL
Level 3 (Functional Layer Criteria)	0,5513	0,1769	0,1399	0,1319

An Analysis for Structural Flexibility Indicators in Buildings Through AHP Method

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Local weightings of flexibility indicators [Elaborated by the authors]

A list of conclusions drawn from the analysis of the studies in the context of the principles and criteria [Elaborated by the authors]

Comparison matrices scores data retrieved from experts [Elaborated by the authors]

Global weightings of flexibility indicators [Elaborated by the authors]

Paradigm

My account