Table 1.
A list of conclusions drawn from the analysis of the studies in the context of the principles and criteria [Elaborated by the authors]
| Principles | Criteria | Reference Source |
|---|---|---|
| detachability, mobility, inter-changeability, readjustability, universality | structure/load assumption, materials, services, interior, facades, form/layout, joints | Durmisevic, E. (2006) [12] |
| universality, modularity, demountability, read-justability/usability, recyclability | structure, interiors, facades, facades, services, services, materials, joints | Thormark, C. (2001) [41] |
| adjustability, versatility, reusability, scalability, mobility | structure, services, building, equipment, | Schmidt III, R., Eguchi, T., Austin, S., & Gibb, A. (2010) [38] |
| modularity, mobility, reusability, versatility, universality | services, structure, interiors, facades | Till, J., & Schneider, T. (2005) [42] |
| modularity, versatility, universality, demountability | structure/load assumption, form, service, building, equipment | Cavalliere, C., Dell'Osso, G. R., Favia, F., & Lovicario, M. (2019) [7] |
| interchangeability, disassem-bly, durability, versatility | structure/load assumption, facade, service, material | Galle, W., & De Temmerman, N. (2013) [13] |
| readjustability, disassembly, interchangeability, modularity | structure/load assumption, services, facade, interior | Slaughter, E. S. (2001) [40] |
| universality, mobility, modu-larity, scalability, compatibility | structure, form, facade, site, layout | Nyhuis, P., Heinen, T., & Brieke, M. (2007) [31] |
| interchangeability, disassem-bly, durability, recyclability, modularity | structure/load assumption, materials, joints, | Sadafi, N., Zain, M. F. M., & Jamil, M. (2014) [36] |
| modularity, reconfigurability, versatility, reusability | materials, joints, services | Israelsson, N., & Hansson, B. (2009) [25] |
| interchangeability, readjustability, recyclability | structure, materials, services, interior | Bullen, P., & Love, P. (2011) [6] |
| durability, recyclability, versatility | materials, site, interior, services | Manewa, A., Siriwardena, M., Ross, A., & Madanayake, U. (2016) [28] |
| durability, scalability, versatility, recyclability, compatibility | structure/load assumption, materials, services, interiors, facades | Askar, R., Bragança, L., & Gervásio, H. (2021) [4] |
| interchangeability, durability, disassembly, versatility | structure, services, interiors, facades | Gosling, J., Sassi, P., Naim, M., & Lark, R. (2013) [16] |
| modularity, interchangeability, reconfigurability, mobility | services, interior | Arge, K. (2005) [3] |
| mobility, readjustability, interchangeability, modularity, demountability | interior, services, services, structure, facades | Heidrich, O., Kamara, J., Maltese, S., Cecconi, F. R., & Dejaco, M. C. (2017) [22] |
| mobility, reconfigurability, interchangeability, modularity, demountability, scalability, versatility | interior, services, services, structure, facades | Pinder, J. A., Schmidt, R., Austin, S. A., Gibb, A., & Saker, J. (2017) [32] |
| modularity, durability, adaptability, reconfigurability | structure/load assumption, materials, services, interiors, facades | Habraken, N.J. (2008) [19] |
| interchangeability, durability, disassembly, scalability | structure/load assumption, materials, services, interiors, facades | Remøy, H., de Jong, P., & Schenk, W. (2011) [33] |
| interchangeability, durability, disassembly, compatibility, mobility | structure/load assumption, materials, services, interiors, facades | Gijsbers, R. (2006) [15] |
| mobility, reconfigurability/usability, interchangeability, modularity, demountability, scalability, versatility | structure/load assumption, materials, services, interior, facades, form/layout, joints | Geraedts, R. (2016) [14] |
| mobility, reconfigurability/usability, interchangeability, modularity, versatility | structure/load assumption, materials, services, interiors, facades | Agha, R. H., & Kamara, J. M. (2017) [1] |
| mobility, reconfigurability/usability, interchangeability, modularity, demountability, scalability, durability | services, structure, interiors, facades, materials, materials, joints, form | Blakstad, S. H. (2001) [5] |
| mobility, reconfigurability/usability, interchangeability, scalability | structure, interior, facades, materials | Hudec, M., & Rollová, L. (2016) [24] |
| readjustability/usability, interchangeability, modularity, disassembly, versatility | structure/load assumption, materials, services, interior, facades, form/layout, joints | Graham, P. (2005) [18] |
| disassembly, mobility, inter-changeability, readjustability, | structure/load assumption, materials, services, interior, facades, form/layout, joints | Andrade, J. B., & Bragança, L. (2019) [2] |
| mobility, readjustability, interchangeability, modularity, demountability | structure/load assumption, materials, services, interior, facades, form/layout, joints | Schmidt III, R., Deamer, J., & Austin, S. (2011) [37] |
| mobility, modularity, durability, disassembly, reconfigurability | structure, interiors, facades, materials, joints | Sinclair, B. R., Mousazadeh, S., & Safarzadeh, G. (2012) [39] |
| mobility, modularity, univer-sality, demountability | structure, interiors, facades, facades, services, services, materials, joints | Hu, R., Follini, C., Pan, W., Linner, T., & Bock, T. (2017) [23] |
| universality, modularity, durability, disassembly, reconfigurability, recyclability | structure, interiors, facades, facades, services, services, materials, joints | Crowther, P. (2005) [9] |
Figure 1.
Layered organization of principles and criteria [Elaborated by the authors]
Table 2.
Comparison matrices scores data retrieved from experts [Elaborated by the authors]
| Principles Enabling | Building Flexibility | LEVEL 1 | ENABLERS | DISASSEMBLY/INTERCHAN. | COMPABILITY/UNIVERSAl. | RECONFIG. / REUSABLE | MODULARITY |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DISASSEMBLY / INTERCHANGEABILITY | 1,000 | 4,643 | 1,751 | 3,750 | |||
| COMPABILITY / UNIVERSALITY | 0,215 | 1,000 | 0,334 | 2,233 | |||
| RE-CONFIGURABLE / RE-USABLE | 0,571 | 2,996 | 1,000 | 5,250 | |||
| MODULARITY | 0,267 | 0,448 | 0,190 | 1,000 | |||
| Structural Flexibility Physical Layer Criteria | LEVEL 2 | DISASSEMBLY / INTERCHANG. | MATERIAL | JOINING TYPES | STRUCTURE FORMS | ||
| MATERIAL | 1,000 | 0,587 | 2,583 | ||||
| JOINING TYPES | 1,704 | 1,000 | 5,000 | ||||
| STRUCTURE FORM | 0,387 | 0,200 | 1,000 | ||||
| LEVEL 2 | RECONFIGURABLE / REUSABLE | MATERIAL | JOINING TYPES | STRUCTURE FORMS | |||
| MATERIAL | 1,000 | 1,032 | 3,792 | ||||
| JOINING TYPES | 0,969 | 1,000 | 5,000 | ||||
| STRUCTURE FORM | 0,264 | 0,200 | 1,000 | ||||
| LEVEL 2 | COMPABILITY / UNIVERSALITY | MATERIAL | JOINING TYPES | LOAD ASSUMPTION | STRUCTURE FORMS | ||
| MATERIAL | 1,000 | 2,664 | 5,393 | 3,792 | |||
| JOINING TYPES | 0,375 | 1,000 | 4,000 | 4,073 | |||
| LOAD ASSUMPTION | 0,185 | 0,250 | 1,000 | 0,775 | |||
| STRUCTURE FORM | 0,264 | 0,246 | 1,290 | 1,000 | |||
| LEVEL 2 | MODULARITY | MATERIAL | JOINING TYPES | LOAD ASSUMPTION | STRUCTURE FORMS | ||
| MATERIAL | 1,000 | 0,705 | 2,833 | 2,117 | |||
| JOINING TYPES | 1,418 | 1,000 | 4,750 | 3,479 | |||
| LOAD ASSUMPTION | 0,353 | 0,211 | 1,000 | 1,381 | |||
| STRUCTURE FORM | 0,472 | 0,287 | 0,724 | 1,000 | |||
| Structural Flexibility Functional Layer Criteria | LEVEL 3 | MATERIAL | BUILDING STRUCTURE | INTERIOR FINISHING | BUILDING SERVICES | SHELL | |
| BUILDING STRUCTURE | 1,000 | 3,297 | 3,210 | 2,832 | |||
| INTERIOR FINISHING | 0,303 | 1,000 | 2,104 | 1,344 | |||
| BUILDING SERVICES | 0,312 | 0,475 | 1,000 | 1,406 | |||
| SHELL | 0,353 | 0,744 | 0,711 | 1,000 | |||
| LEVEL 3 | JOINING TYPES | BUILDING STRUCTURE | INTERIOR FINISHING | BUILDING SERVICES | SHELL | ||
| BUILDING STRUCTURE | 1,000 | 4,875 | 4,250 | 3,875 | |||
| INTERIOR FINISHING | 0,205 | 1,000 | 1,750 | 1,469 | |||
| BUILDING SERVICES | 0,235 | 0,571 | 1,000 | 1,608 | |||
| SHELL | 0,258 | 0,681 | 0,622 | 1,000 | |||
| LEVEL 3 | LOAD ASSUMPTION | BUILDING STRUCTURE | INTERIOR FINISHING | BUILDING SERVICES | SHELL | ||
| BUILDING STRUCTURE | 1,000 | 6,625 | 5,375 | 4,646 | |||
| INTERIOR FINISHING | 0,151 | 1,000 | 1,265 | 1,168 | |||
| BUILDING SERVICES | 0,186 | 0,791 | 1,000 | 1,244 | |||
| SHELL | 0,215 | 0,856 | 0,804 | 1,000 | |||
| LEVEL 3 | STRUCTURE FORMS | BUILDING STRUCTURE | INTERIOR FINISHING | BUILDING SERVICES | SHELL | ||
| BUILDING STRUCTURE | 1,000 | 6,250 | 4,875 | 3,250 | |||
| INTERIOR FINISHING | 0,160 | 1,000 | 1,437 | 0,425 | |||
| BUILDING SERVICES | 0,205 | 0,696 | 1,000 | 0,883 | |||
| SHELL | 0,308 | 2,353 | 1,132 | 1,000 |
Table 3.
Local weightings of flexibility indicators [Elaborated by the authors]
| Level 1 (Enabling Principles) | DISASSEMBLY / INTERCHANGE. | COMPABILITY / UNIVERSALITY | RECONFIG. / REUSABLE | MODULARITY | |
| 0,4598 | 0,1249 | 0,3356 | 0,0798 | ||
| DISASSEMBLY / INTERCHANGE. | COMPABILITY / UNIVERSALITY | RECONFIG. / REUSABLE | MODULARITY | ||
| Level 2 (Physical Layer Criteria) | MATERIAL | 0,3176 | 0,5109 | 0,4326 | 0,2996 |
| JOINING TYPES | 0,5645 | 0,3028 | 0,4642 | 0,4594 | |
| LOAD ASSUMPTION | - | 0,0819 | - | 0,1212 | |
| STRUCTURE FORM | 0,1179 | 0,1044 | 0,1033 | 0,1198 | |
| MATERIAL | JOINING PRINC. & TYPES | LOAD ASSUMPTION | STRUCTURE FORM | ||
| Level 3 (Functional Layer Criteria) | BUILDING STRUCTURE | 0,4982 | 0,5794 | 0,6430 | 0,5917 |
| INTERIOR FINISHING | 0,2098 | 0,1688 | 0,1250 | 0,1099 | |
| BUILDING SERVICES | 0,1501 | 0,1380 | 0,1195 | 0,1169 | |
| SHELL | 0,1419 | 0,1137 | 0,1126 | 0,1816 |
Table 4.
Global weightings of flexibility indicators [Elaborated by the authors]
| Level 1 (Enabling Principles) | DISASSEMBLY / INTERCHANGE. | COMPABILITY / UNIVERSALITY | RECONFIG. / REUSABLE | MODULARITY |
| 0,4598 | 0,1249 | 0,3356 | 0,0798 | |
| Level 2 (Physical Layer Criteria) | MATERIAL | JOINING TYPES | LOAD ASSUMPTION | STRUCTURE FORMS |
| 0,3789 | 0,4898 | 0,0199 | 0,1115 | |
| Level 3 (Functional Layer Criteria) | BUILDING STRUCTURE | INTERIOR FINISHING | BUILDING SERVICES | SHELL |
| 0,5513 | 0,1769 | 0,1399 | 0,1319 |
Figure 2.
Global weightings distributed in bar graph [Elaborated by the authors]