Figure 1.
Diyarbakir and the location of the library building (Diagram by the authors)
Figure 2.
Diyarbakir Prof. Dr Fuat Sezgin provincial public library (Photos by the authors)
Figure 3.
Library floor plans (Elaborated by the authors from the archive of Kayapinar Municipality of the Republic of Turkey)
Table 1.
Building Performance Analysis Criteria
| Design Quality | Building layout | Suitability of building horizontal-vertical circulation elements |
| Interaction between spaces, size of spaces, aspect ratio | ||
| Relationship between building and environment | ||
| The suitability of the facade design of the building with the function | ||
| The general architectural design of the building | ||
| Ceiling height of spaces | ||
| Design of openings and adequacy of openings | ||
| Space and equipment flexibility | ||
| Adequacy and suitability of socializing places | ||
| Suitability for use by persons with disabilities | ||
| The suitability of the materials used on the exterior of the building | ||
| Interior appearance | Interior coating suitability | |
| Interior equipment adequacy and suitability | ||
| Interior general design features | ||
| Compliance with directional signs and plates | ||
| Exterior appearance | Outdoor view | |
| Landscaping | ||
| The suitability and adequacy of the land for the purpose of building use | ||
| Access | Access to the location of the building in the city | |
| Vehicle and bicycle parking suitability | ||
| Access to socializing areas | ||
| Indoor Environment Quality | Thermal Comfort | Heating systems |
| Insulation properties | ||
| Indoor Air Quality | Natural and artificial ventilation | |
| Indoor odour quality | ||
| Acoustic Comfort | Sound insulation | |
| Noise level | ||
| Visual Comfort | Natural and artificial lighting | |
| Outdoor visibility | ||
| Security | Night lighting | |
| Alarm systems and security personnel | ||
| Entry and exit security | ||
| Fire security | ||
| Audio and visual privacy | ||
| Building parcel limiting elements | ||
| Service Quality | Service Availability | General cleaning of the building |
| Building maintenance (repair and renovation) | ||
| Internet access | ||
| Electrical installation | ||
| Materials and Labor | Floor, ceiling and wall materials | |
| Workmanship |
Table 2.
Building layout
| Performance indicators and criteria | Building performance level | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of users | Mean response (%) | Rate of satisfaction | ||||||
| 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Building layout | suitability with the surrounding buildings | 5 | 31 | 6 | 12 | 0 | 67.74074 | - |
| general building design setup | 13 | 26 | 11 | 4 | 0 | 77.77778 | + | |
| building form | 14 | 26 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 77.40741 | + | |
| building aesthetics | 12 | 27 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 76.2963 | + | |
| the perceptibility of the building entrance | 10 | 32 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 77.77778 | + | |
| building height | 14 | 31 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 81.13208 | + | |
| space height | 15 | 33 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 82.96296 | + | |
| adequacy of stairs in the building (vertical circulation) | 6 | 23 | 14 | 11 | 0 | 68.88889 | - | |
| adequacy of elevator in the building (vertical circulation) | 4 | 10 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 59.25926 | - | |
| adequacy of corridor in the building (horizontal circulation) | 8 | 24 | 13 | 9 | 0 | 71.48148 | + | |
| access to the fire escape | 5 | 22 | 17 | 10 | 0 | 68.14815 | - | |
| access of persons with disabilities to the building | 4 | 22 | 15 | 12 | 0 | 66.79245 | - | |
| size of spaces | 6 | 19 | 9 | 20 | 0 | 64.07407 | - | |
| quiet working environment | 4 | 8 | 13 | 29 | 0 | 55.18519 | - | |
| quality of workspaces | 6 | 4 | 10 | 34 | 0 | 53.33333 | -- | |
| interior design features of workspaces | 7 | 28 | 11 | 8 | 0 | 72.59259 | + | |
| building flexible design features | 14 | 7 | 14 | 19 | 0 | 65.92593 | - | |
| flexible design features of the equipment | 7 | 15 | 20 | 12 | 0 | 66.2963 | - | |
| cafeteria | 13 | 28 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 78.14815 | + | |
| socializing area | 8 | 31 | 11 | 4 | 0 | 75.92593 | + | |
| spaces form | 4 | 20 | 17 | 13 | 0 | 65,55556 | - | |
| general comfort of the building | 12 | 30 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 79.25926 | + | |
| suitability of the courtyard | 5 | 15 | 24 | 10 | 0 | 65.55556 | - | |
| active availability of the courtyard | 5 | 22 | 17 | 10 | 0 | 68.14815 | - | |
| suitability of landscape areas in the courtyard | 4 | 27 | 14 | 9 | 0 | 67.62963 | - | |
| suitability of sitting areas in the courtyard | 2 | 10 | 26 | 16 | 0 | 59.25926 | - | |
| suitability of the water element in the courtyard | 3 | 6 | 25 | 20 | 0 | 57.03704 | - | |
| active availability of the courtyard in summer | 3 | 13 | 24 | 14 | 0 | 61.85185 | - | |
| active availability of the courtyard in winter | 4 | 12 | 26 | 11 | 1 | 62.59259 | - | |
| availability of the courtyard as an event space | 4 | 10 | 24 | 16 | 0 | 60.74074 | - | |
| Mean | 68.56 | - | ||||||
Figure 4.
a) Building form, b) building main entrance, c) building rear entry (Photos by the authors)
Figure 5.
a) Building design, b) close environment (Photos by the authors)
Figure 6.
a) Metal stair steps, b) location of the stair, c) library rules (Photos by the authors)
Figure 7.
a) Users waiting in the queue in the courtyard to have a workspace (at 05.45), b) users waiting in line inside the building to have a workspace (at 15.30) (Photos by the authors)
Figure 8.
a) Courtyard seating, landscape elements, b) bicycle parking (Photos by the authors)
Figure 9.
Interior appearance (Photos by the authors)
Table 3.
Description of tested beams
| Performance indicators and criteria | Building performance level | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of users | Mean response (%) | Rate of satisfaction | ||||||
| 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Interior Appearance | Interior design | 7 | 28 | 11 | 8 | 0 | 72.59259 | + |
| Interior signage and wayfinding | 6 | 26 | 14 | 7 | 1 | 70.74074 | + | |
| Placement of indoor equipment | 8 | 25 | 12 | 9 | 0 | 71.85185 | + | |
| The effect of interior design on working efficiency | 12 | 30 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 79.25926 | + | |
| Personal workspaces | 11 | 21 | 14 | 8 | 0 | 72.96296 | + | |
| Co-working space | 7 | 17 | 14 | 16 | 0 | 65.55556 | - | |
| Mean | 72.15 | + | ||||||
Table 4.
Exterior appearance
| Performance indicators and criteria | Building performance level | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of users | Mean response (%) | Rate of satisfaction | ||||||
| 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Exterior appearance | Close environment landscaping | 7 | 26 | 12 | 9 | 0 | 71.48148 | + |
| Dimensions of the parcel | 7 | 8 | 26 | 13 | 0 | 63.33333 | - | |
| Panorama | 9 | 23 | 15 | 7 | 0 | 72.59259 | + | |
| Courtyard landscaping | 2 | 10 | 24 | 18 | 0 | 58.51852 | - | |
| Mean | 66.47 | - | ||||||
Figure 10.
layout of the building on the parcel, courtyard landscaping and facade cladding material (Photos by the authors)
Table 5.
Access
| Performance indicators and criteria | Building performance level | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of users | Mean response (%) | Rate of satisfaction | ||||||
| 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Accessibility | Location of the building in the city | 16 | 27 | 3 | 8 | 0 | 78.88889 | + |
| Access by private vehicle | 17 | 29 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 82.59259 | + | |
| Access by Public Transport | 6 | 24 | 13 | 11 | 0 | 69.25926 | - | |
| Car parking | 3 | 10 | 24 | 17 | 0 | 59.62963 | - | |
| Bicycle parking | 11 | 26 | 13 | 3 | 1 | 75.92593 | + | |
| Perception | 16 | 25 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 80.0 | + | |
| Mean | 74.37 | + | ||||||
Table 6.
Thermal comfort
| Performance indicators and criteria | Building performance level | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of users | Mean response (%) | Rate of satisfaction | ||||||
| 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Exterior appearance | Thermal insulation | 8 | 23 | 12 | 11 | 0 | 70.37037 | + |
| Cool indoors in summer | 14 | 25 | 10 | 4 | 1 | 77.40741 | + | |
| Warm indoors in winter | 11 | 19 | 16 | 6 | 2 | 71.48148 | + | |
| Orientation of building | 13 | 21 | 14 | 5 | 1 | 74.81481 | + | |
| Mean | 74,50 | + | ||||||
Table 7.
Indoor air quality
| Performance indicators and criteria | Building performance level | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of users | Mean response (%) | Rate of satisfaction | ||||||
| 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Indoor air quality | Indoor air quality | 11 | 33 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 78.14815 | + |
| Odour quality | 8 | 32 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 76.60377 | + | |
| Natural ventilation | 8 | 14 | 19 | 12 | 1 | 65.92593 | - | |
| Mechanical ventilation | 11 | 21 | 16 | 6 | 0 | 73.7037 | + | |
| Ventilation system | 4 | 27 | 13 | 10 | 0 | 69.25926 | - | |
| Mean | 73,07 | - | ||||||
Figure 11.
Fixed windows (Photos by the authors)
Table 8.
Acoustic comfort
| Performance indicators and criteria | Building performance level | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of users | Mean response (%) | Rate of satisfaction | ||||||
| 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Acoustic Comfort | Indoor noise quality | 10 | 27 | 12 | 4 | 0 | 76.22642 | + |
| Sound quality | 13 | 19 | 13 | 9 | 0 | 73.33333 | + | |
| Acoustic quality | 6 | 20 | 14 | 14 | 0 | 66.66667 | - | |
| Mean | 72.07 | + | ||||||
Table 9.
Visual comfort
| Performance indicators and criteria | Building performance level | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of users | Mean response (%) | Rate of satisfaction | ||||||
| 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Indoor air quality | Natural lighting | 10 | 29 | 10 | 4 | 0 | 76.98113 | + |
| Effect of natural lighting on screen (computer) visibility | 8 | 28 | 11 | 7 | 0 | 73.7037 | + | |
| Artificial lighting quality | 11 | 35 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 80.37037 | + | |
| Effect of artificial lighting on screen(computer) visibility | 8 | 32 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 77.40741 | + | |
| The effect of the exterior panel on visual comfort | 10 | 13 | 23 | 7 | 1 | 68.88889 | - | |
| Mean | 75.47 | + | ||||||
Table 10.
Security
| Performance indicators and criteria | Building performance level | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of users | Mean response (%) | Rate of satisfaction | ||||||
| 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Security | Built environment lighting | 6 | 24 | 16 | 6 | 2 | 69.62 | - |
| Building exterior panel | 11 | 21 | 14 | 8 | 0 | 72.96 | + | |
| Visual privacy | 7 | 25 | 10 | 11 | 1 | 69.62 | - | |
| Auditory privacy | 8 | 19 | 18 | 9 | 0 | 69.62 | - | |
| General safety precautions | 8 | 22 | 14 | 10 | 0 | 70.37 | - | |
| Entrances and exits to the building | 4 | 20 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 64.81 | - | |
| Camera security system | 13 | 30 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 80 | + | |
| Security personal | 9 | 24 | 12 | 9 | 0 | 72.22 | + | |
| Number of personnel working | 4 | 5 | 16 | 29 | 0 | 54.07 | — | |
| Fire security | 3 | 22 | 18 | 11 | 0 | 66.29 | - | |
| Fire brigade access to the building | 3 | 21 | 24 | 6 | 0 | 67.77 | - | |
| Mean | 68.85 | - | ||||||
Table 11.
Serviceability
| Performance indicators and criteria | Building performance level | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of users | Mean response (%) | Rate of satisfaction | ||||||
| 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Serviceability | Term of maintenance and quality | 3 | 19 | 17 | 15 | 0 | 63.7037 | - |
| General cleaning | 5 | 28 | 11 | 10 | 0 | 70.37037 | + | |
| Cleaning the garbage | 11 | 28 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 76.60377 | - | |
| Power cut | 14 | 21 | 13 | 6 | 0 | 75.92593 | + | |
| Electrical installation | 7 | 23 | 11 | 12 | 1 | 68.51852 | - | |
| Plumbing | 8 | 20 | 11 | 15 | 0 | 67.77778 | - | |
| Wired internet connection | 4 | 10 | 19 | 20 | 1 | 58.51852 | - | |
| Wireless internet connection | 2 | 9 | 18 | 24 | 1 | 55.18519 | - | |
| Mean | 68,85 | - | ||||||
Table 12.
Materials and workmanship
| Performance indicators and criteria | Building performance level | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of users | Mean response (%) | Rate of satisfaction | ||||||
| 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Indoor air quality | Floor covering material | 6 | 24 | 16 | 6 | 2 | 68,48 | - |
| Wall covering material | 13 | 26 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 76.66 | + | |
| Ceiling covering material | 8 | 23 | 15 | 8 | 0 | 68.92 | - | |
| Workmanship | 9 | 20 | 15 | 6 | 4 | 67.33 | - | |
| Precaution against rain | 5 | 27 | 7 | 15 | 0 | 68.14 | - | |
| Mean | 69,90 | - | ||||||
Figure 12.
Deformed floor covering material, deformed step, and deformed ceiling covering material (Photos by the authors)
Figure 13.
Recommendations for use of passive design strategies in the library building (Sketch by Ruşen Ergün)