Abstract
Objective
This integrative review aims to synthesize observational evidence on the prevalence, predictors, and psychosocial correlates of death anxiety in patients with heart failure (HF).
Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted using 5 major databases: Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, and ProQuest. Inclusion criteria were primary research studies published in English between January 2014 and March 2025 that quantitatively assessed death anxiety among patients with HF and explored its associations with demographic, clinical, or psychosocial variables.
Results
A total of 12 eligible studies were identified and systematically reviewed, revealing that death anxiety is moderate to high among most samples. Key predictors of this anxiety included older age, feelings of loneliness, low socioeconomic status, and longer duration of HF. Additionally, several studies highlighted protective factors such as spiritual orientation, religious coping, and resilience. Interventions, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and illness perception training, showed significant reductions in death anxiety.
Conclusions
Death anxiety is a prevalent and impactful concern among Patients with HF, influenced by both individual and contextual factors. Routine assessment and integration of psychosocial and spiritual care—alongside evidence-based psychological interventions—are essential to address this critical aspect of HF management.