The influence of urban building orientation on the risk of heat stress from being in the courtyard area during the peak summer period

The research assesses the risk of heat stress and improvements related to the comfort of being outdoors for an urban population. The specialized TownScope program, banks of monitoring data of the Copernicus Climate Change Service and the Borys Sreznevsky Central Geophysical Observatory were all used for the calculations. The calculations were made for the 1st climatic zone of Ukraine. On the example of the city of Kyiv and the Kyiv region, a widespread U-shaped construction scheme of a five-section, nine-story residential building was chosen. In the calculations, the influence of the surrounding buildings was excluded, and the surface of the courtyard was free of trees and bushes to exclude the influence of unpredictable shading in the calculations. To obtain the calculation data, the authors prepared a corresponding 3D model of the building and exported it in the 3Ds format. The temperature of the facades and the courtyard at different orientations with respect to the cardinal points was calculated. Graphs of the dependence of the amount of direct solar radiation falling on the surface per hour during daylight hours were plotted. The heating temperature of the surfaces of building facades and the underlying surface from solar radiation during one hour of daylight was determined according to the formula by A.M. Shklover. This study makes it possible to apply relevant innovative technologies of “green construction”, both at the design stage and during the operation of an existing building.