Clay masonry units with variation in construction and demolition waste (CDW) particle size

References
- Al-Fakih, A., Mohammed, B., Liew, M., & Nikbakht, E. (2018). Incorporation of waste materials in the manufacture of masonry bricks: An update review. Journal of Building Engineering, 21, 37–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2018.09.023
- ASTM International. (2014). Standard test methods for sampling and testing brick and structural clay tile (ASTM C67-14). https://www.astm.org/c0067-14.html
- ASTM International. (2017). Standard specification for building brick (solid masonry units made from clay or shale) (ASTM C62-17). https://www.astm.org/c0062-17.html
- Bazán, I. (2018). Caracterización de residuos de construcción de Lima y Callao (estudio de caso) [ Characterization of construction waste in Lima and Callao (case study)] (Bachelor’s thesis). Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/10189
- Bektas, F., Turanli, L., Wang, K., & Ceylan, H. (2007). Comparative performance of ground clay brick in mitigation of alkali–silica reaction. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 19(12), 1070–1078. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:12(1070)
- Capasso, I., D’Angelo, G., del Río Merino, M., Campanile, A., Caputo, D., & Liguori, B. (2025). CDW-based geopolymers: Pro and cons of using unselected waste. Polymers, 17(5), 570. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17050570
- Cárcamo Vásquez, H., Méndez Bustos, P., & Rebolledo Carreño, A. (2009). Tendencias de los enfoques cualitativos y cuantitativos en artículos publicados en scientific library on line (scielo). Paradígma, 30(2), 179–200. http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1011-22512009000200012&lng=es&tlng=es
- Chávez Porras, Á., Guarín Cortes, N. L., & Cortes Duarte, M. C. (2013). Determinación de propiedades físico-químicas de los materiales agregados en muestra de escombros en la ciudad de Bogotá D.C. [Determination of physical-chemical properties of the materials added in sample debris in the city of Bogota] Revista Ingenierías Universidad De Medellín, 12(22), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.22395/rium.v12n22a4
- Chi, B., Lu, W., Ye, M., Bao, Z., & Zhang, X. (2020). Construction waste minimization in green building: A comparative analysis of LEED-NC 2009 certified projects in the US and China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 256, 120749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120749
- Chica, L., & Beltrán, J. (2018). Caracterización de residuos de demolición y construcción para la identificación de su potencial de reúso. DYNA, 85(206), 338–347. https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v85n206.68824
- Creswell, J., & Creswell, J. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. SAGE.
- Cruzado, J. (2018). Elaboración de ladrillos de 18 huecos tipo IV con residuos de demolición y cemento [ Production of 18-hole type IV bricks using demolition waste and cement] (Bachelor’s thesis). Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12996/3544
- Dos Reis, G. S., Cazacliu, B. G., Cothenet, A., & Torrenti, J. M. (2019). Valorization of inert part of construction and demolition wastes for the production of fired bricks. Proceedings, 34 (1), 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019034008
- Dubale, M., Vasić, M. V., Goel, G., Kalamdhad, A., & Singh, L. B. (2023). Utilization of Construction and Demolition Mix Waste in the Fired Brick Production: The Impact on Mechanical Properties. Materials, 16(1), 262. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010262
- Gallegos, H. & Casabonne, C. (2005). Albañilería estructural. Fondo Editorial PUCP. https://doi.org/10.18800/9789972427541
- Gencel, O., Kiziniević, O., Erdoğmuş, E., Kiziniević, V., Sutcu, M., & Muñoz, P. (2022). Manufacturing of fired bricks derived from wastes: utilization of water treatment sludge and concrete demolition waste. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 22(2), 78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43452-022-00396-7
- Gutiérrez, A., & Oyarce, G. (2021). Adición de residuos sólidos al ladrillo de arcilla artesanal para mejorar sus propiedades en función a la norma E–070 – Cajamarca, 2019 [Addition of solid waste to handmade clay brick to improve its properties according to standard E–070 – Cajamarca, 2019] (Bachelor’s thesis). Universidad Privada del Norte. https://hdl.handle.net/11537/28124
- Gutiérrez, B., & Miranda, J. (2025). Ladrillos ecológicos elaborados con concreto de demolición y polvo de vidrio reciclado [Ecological bricks made with demolition concrete and recycled glass powder] (Bachelor’s thesis). Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14005/15583
- Hernández, R., Fernández, C., & Baptista, P. (2014). Metodología de la investigación (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
- Instituto Nacional de Calidad [INACAL]. (2015). Unidades de albañilería - Ladrillos de arcilla usados en albañilería -Requisitos (NTP 331.017) (2nd ed.).
- Instituto Nacional de Calidad [INACAL]. (2017). Unidades de albañilería – Métodos de muestreoy ensayo de ladrillos de arcilla usados en albañilería (NTP 399.613) (2nd ed.).
- Junior, A. C. P., Jacinto, C., Turco, C., Fernandes, J., Teixeira, E., & Mateus, R. (2022). Analysis of the effect of incorporating construction and demolition waste on the environmental and mechanical performance of earth-based mixtures. Construction and Building Materials, 330, 127244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127244
- Kofoworola, O. F., & Gheewala, S. H. (2009). Estimation of construction waste generation and management in Thailand. Waste Management, 29(2), 731–738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.07.004
- Kumar, R., Kumar, M., Kumar, I., & Srivastava, D. (2021). A review on utilization of plastic waste materials in bricks manufacturing process. Materials Today: Proceedings, 46(6), 6775–6780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.04.337
- Lieder, M., & Rashid, A. (2016). Towards circular economy implementation: a comprehensive review in context of manufacturing industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 115, 36–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.12.042
- Lu, W., Webster, C., Peng, Y., Chen, X., & Zhang, X. (2017). Estimating and calibrating the amount of building-related construction and demolition waste in urban China. International Journal of Construction Management, 17(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2016.1166548
- Luo, H., Aguiar, J., Wan, X., Wang, Y., Cunha, S., & Jia, Z. (2024). Application of aggregates from construction and demolition wastes in concrete: Review. Sustainability, 16(10), 4277. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16104277
- Manterola, C., & Otzen, T. (2015). Estudios experimentales 2 Parte: Estudios cuasi-experimentales [Experimental studies 2nd part. Quasi-experimental studies]. International Journal of Morphology, 33(1), 382–387. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022015000100060
- Mayz, J., & Pérez, J. (2002). ¿Para qué hacer investigación científica en las universidades venezolanas? Investigación y Postgrado, 17(1), 159–171. http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1316-00872002000100007&lng=es&tlng=es
- Muñoz Pérez, S. P., Delgado Sánchez, J. L., & Facundo, L. E. F. (2021). Elaboración de ladrillos ecológicos en muros no estructurales: una revisión. Cultura Científica y Tecnológica, 18(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.20983/culcyt.2021.1.3.1
- Oviedo Cogollo, A. R., & Vega Suárez, J. C. (2021). Construction and demolition waste management and circular economy: A narrative review. Lámpsakos, 26, 41–51. https://doi.org/10.21501/21454086.4232
- Pacheco-Torgal, F. (2014). Eco-efficient construction and building materials research under the EU Framework Programme Horizon 2020. Construction and Building Materials, 51, 151–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.10.058
- Padmalosan, P., Vanitha, S., Kumar, V. S., Anish, M., Tiwari, R., Dhapekar, N. K., & Yadav, A. S. (2023). An investigation on the use of waste materials from industrial processes in clay brick production. Materials Today: Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.01.238
- Parra, C., Miñano, I., Calabuig, M., Benito, F., Mateo, J. M., Carrión, E., & Ruiz, C. (2024). Geopolymer with brick and concrete demolition construction waste. Materiales de Construcción, 74(356), e361. https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2024.392424
- Quintero, A. (2007). ¿Es necesario hacer ciencia básica? Revista Científica, 17(5), 431–432. http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0798-22592007000500001&lng=es&tlng=es
- Rahhal, V. F., Trezza, M., Tironi, A., Castellano, C. C., Pavlíková, M., Pokorný, J., Irassar, E. F., Jankovský, O., & Pavlík, Z. (2019). Complex characterization and behavior of waste fired brick powder-Portland cement system. Materials, 12(10), 1650. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12101650
- Rahimpour, H., Amini, A. B., Sharifi, F., Fahmi, A., & Zinatloo-Ajabshir, S. (2024). Facile fabrication of next-generation sustainable brick and mortar through geopolymerization of construction debris. Scientific Reports, 14, 10914. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-61688-x
- Raini, I., Imad, R., El Asmi, H., Obda, I., Mesrar, L., & Jabrane, R. (2025). Production of eco-friendly clay bricks from municipal construction and demolition waste. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 26(3), 296–308. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/199456
- Robayo, R., Mejía, R., & Mulford, A. (2016). Production of building elements based on alkali-activated red clay brick waste. Revista Facultad de Ingeniería, 25(43), 21–30. http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0121-11292016000300002&lng=en&tlng=es
- Rotaondaro, R. (2007). Arquitectura de tierra contemporánea: tendencias y desafíos. Apuntes: Revista de Estudios sobre Patrimonio Cultural – Journal of Cultural Heritage Studies, 20(2), 342–353. http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1657-97632007000200014&lng=en&tlng=es
- Santana, I. S. A., Novaes, M. D. P., Araújo, R. C. C. D., & Batalha-Vieira, L. (2024). Exposed clay bricks made with waste: An analysis of research and technological trends. Sustainability, 16(24), 11274. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162411274
- Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Houghton Mifflin.
- Sieffert, Y., Huygen, J., & Daudon, D. (2014). Sustainable construction with repurposed materials in the context of a civil engineering–architecture collaboration. Journal of Cleaner Production, 67, 125–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.12.018
- Suárez-Silgado, S. S., Betancourt-Quiroga, C., Molina Benavides, J., & Mahecha Vanegas, L. (2019). La gestión de los residuos de construcción y demolición en Villavicencio: estado actual, barreras e instrumentos de gestión. Entramado, 15(1), 224–244. https://doi.org/10.18041/1900-3803/entramado.1.5408
- Tam, V. W., Soomro, M., & Evangelista, A. C. J. (2018). A review of recycled aggregate in concrete applications (2000–2017). Construction and Building materials, 172, 272–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.240
- Tejada, M. (2025). Análisis de la implementación de ladrillos ecológicos para una viabilidad económica y ambiental en el sector de la construcción. Universidad Privada del Norte. https://hdl.handle.net/11537/44568
- Torres, A. (2024). Fabricación de ladrillos ecológicos con residuos de construcción y demolición para su empleo en la mampostería ordinaria [Manufacturing ecological bricks from construction and demolition waste for use in ordinary masonry]. Universidad Continental. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12394/15962
- Torres-Rodríguez, D., Marcó, L. M., Gómez, C., & García-Orellana, Y. (2022). Total X-Ray Fluorescence (TXRF) as an alternative method for the determination of micronutrients in soils of the Quíbor depression (Venezuela). TecnoLógicas, 25(53), e203. https://doi.org/10.22430/22565337.2195
- UN Environment, Scrivener, K. L., John, V. M., & Gartner, E. (2018). Eco-efficient cements: Potential economically viable solutions for a low-CO2 cement-based materials industry. Cement and Concrete Research, 114, 2–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.03.015
- Uribe, R., Camillo, F., & Lascano, L. (2021). Clay minerals specialized ceramic categorization protocol: A review. infoANALÍTICA, 9(2), 15–57. https://doi.org/10.26807/ia.v9i2.202
- Vega Garcia, F. J. (2024). Influencia de la adición de residuos de construcción y demolición (RCD) en las propiedades mecánicas del ladrillo artesanal [Influence of the addition of construction and demolition waste (CDW) on the mechanical properties of handmade brick]. Universidad Peruana Los Andes. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12848
- Vega Neyra, C. S., & Hizo Celestino, C. N. (2025). Propiedades físicas-mecánicas de ladrillos macizos de concreto producidos a través de residuos de demolición, Barranca [Physical-mechanical properties of solid concrete bricks produced from demolition waste, Barranca]. Universidad Nacional de Barranca. https://repositorio.unab.edu.pe/item/5d76817c-946e-467e-b18b-178dbfd379c1
- Voišnienė, V., Kizinievic, O., Kizinievic, V., & Malaiškienė, J. (2019, May 16–17). Production of fired clay brick from municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash. 13th International Conference Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques, Vilnius, Lithuania. https://doi.org/10.3846/mbmst.2019.149
- Xiao, Y., Kong, K., Aminu, U. F., Li, Z., Li, Q., Zhu, H., & Cai, D. (2022). Characterizing and predicting the resilient modulus of recycled aggregates from building demolition waste with breakage-induced gradation variation. Materials, 15(7), 2670. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15072670
- Zanelli, C., Marrocchino, E., Guarini, G., Toffano, A., Vaccaro, C., & Dondi, M. (2021). Recycling construction and demolition residues in clay bricks. Applied Sciences, 11(19), 8918. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11198918
- Zhang, L. (2013). Production of bricks from waste materials – A review. Construction and Building Materials, 47, 643–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.05.043
Language: English
Page range: 219 - 238
Submitted on: Dec 8, 2025
Accepted on: Feb 23, 2026
Published on: Jul 7, 2026
Published by: Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2026 Miriam Kattyuska CARASSAS ROSALES, Sleyther Arturo De La CRUZ VEGA, published by Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License.