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Clay masonry units with variation in construction and demolition waste (CDW) particle size Cover

Clay masonry units with variation in construction and demolition waste (CDW) particle size

Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences
Volume 35 (2026): Issue 2 (June 2026)
By:  and    
Open Access
|Jul 2026
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

FIGURE 1.

Investigation processSource: own work.

FIGURE 2.

Clay brick unit dimensionsSource: own work.

FIGURE 3.

View of the manufactured masonry units Source: own photos.

FIGURE 4.

Average absorption of clay bricks with construction and demolition waste Source: own work.

FIGURE 5.

Average dimensional variation of clay bricks with construction and demolition waste Source: own work.

FIGURE 6.

Average compressive strength of clay bricks with construction and demolition waste Source: own work.

FIGURE 7.

Absorption of bricks with construction and demolition waste according to different authors Source: own work.

FIGURE 8.

Dimensional variation of bricks with construction and demolition waste according to different authorsSource: own work.

FIGURE 9.

Compressive strength of bricks with construction and demolition waste according to other authorsSource: own work.

Elemental composition of construction and demolition waste by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry assay

ElementResult [%]OxidesResult [%]
Calcium (Ca)36.839Silicon oxide (SiO2)36.852
Silicon (Si)29.509Calcium oxide (CaO)30.089
Aluminum (Al)14.126Aluminum oxide (Al2O3)15.581
Iron (Fe)10.202Iron oxide (Fe2O3)8.515
Magnesium (Mg)4.477Magnesium oxide (MgO)4.334
Potassium (K)2.069Potassium oxide (K2O)1.455
Sulfur (S)1.199Sulfur oxide (SO3)1.748
Titanium (Ti)1.066Titanium oxide (TiO2)1.038
Manganese (Mn)0.218Manganese oxide (MnO)0.164
Strontium (Sr)0.197Strontium oxide (SrO)0.136
Zirconium (Zr)0.057Zirconium oxide (ZrO2)0.045
Vanadium (V)0.041Vanadium oxide (V2O5)0.043

Mean composition of construction and demolition waste

Element% by mass [%]
Concrete63.67
Solid bricks17.98
Tiles/Slabs11.11
Mortar4.23
Concrete block0.11
Concrete tiles0.39
Stones1.38
Asbestos-cement0.38
Wood0.11
Organic matter0.20
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22630/srees.10984 | Journal eISSN: 2543-7496 | Journal ISSN: 1732-9353
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Language: English
Page range: 219 - 238
Submitted on: Dec 8, 2025
Accepted on: Feb 23, 2026
Published on: Jul 7, 2026
Published by: Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
waste,
brick,
aggregate,
sustainability
Related subjects:
Architecture and design,
Architecture,
Architects, buildings,
Geosciences,
Geosciences, other,
Engineering,
Mechanical engineering,
Fundamentals of mechanical engineering,
Geosciences,
Geology and mineralogy

© 2026 Miriam Kattyuska CARASSAS ROSALES, Sleyther Arturo De La CRUZ VEGA, published by Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License.

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